-
Scientific Reports Jul 2021A growing body of evidence supports an important role for alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the aetiology of depression and other psychiatric disorders....
A growing body of evidence supports an important role for alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the aetiology of depression and other psychiatric disorders. The potential role of the oral microbiome in mental health has received little attention, even though it is one of the most diverse microbiomes in the body and oral dysbiosis has been linked to systemic diseases with an underlying inflammatory aetiology. This study examines the structure and composition of the salivary microbiome for the first time in young adults who met the DSM-IV criteria for depression (n = 40) and matched controls (n = 43) using 16S rRNA gene-based next generation sequencing. Subtle but significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of the salivary microbiome were observed, with clear separation of depressed and healthy control cohorts into distinct clusters. A total of 21 bacterial taxa were found to be differentially abundant in the depressed cohort, including increased Neisseria spp. and Prevotella nigrescens, while 19 taxa had a decreased abundance. In this preliminary study we have shown that the composition of the oral microbiome is associated with depression in young adults. Further studies are now warranted, particuarly investigations into whether such shifts play any role in the underling aetiology of depression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Mouth; Saliva; Young Adult
PubMed: 34294835
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94498-6 -
PloS One 2022Periodontal disease is one of the most common disorders in the oral cavity of dogs and humans. Periodontitis, the irreversible periodontal disease, arises progressively...
Periodontal disease is one of the most common disorders in the oral cavity of dogs and humans. Periodontitis, the irreversible periodontal disease, arises progressively from gingivitis, the reversible inflammatory condition caused by dental plaque. Although the etiology of periodontitis has been widely studied in humans, it is still insufficient for the etiological studies on periodontitis in dogs. Many studies have reported that human periodontitis-related bacteria are putative pathogens responsible for periodontitis in dogs. However, most of these studies have focused on the appearance of a specific microbiome, and most of the cohort studies have insufficient sample sizes to generalize their results. In the present study, subgingival samples collected from 336 teeth were categorized into three groups at first, based on clinical outcomes (healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis). Subsequently, the periodontitis samples were further divided into three subgroups (early, moderate, and advanced periodontitis) according to the degree of periodontal attachment loss. Healthy and gingivitis were grouped as a reversible group, and the three subgroups were grouped as an irreversible group. To investigate trends of periodontopathic bacteria in the samples of dogs, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for quantification of 11 human periodontopathic bacteria as follows: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola (Td), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens. The PCR results showed that Aa and Pg, the representative periodontopathic bacteria, were not significantly correlated or associated with the periodontitis cases in dogs. However, interestingly, Td was strongly associated with the irreversible periodontal disease in dogs, in that it was the most prevalent bacterium detected from the dog samples. These findings indicate that the presence and numbers of Td could be used as a prognostic biomarker in predicting the irreversible periodontal disease and the disease severity in dogs.
Topics: Aggressive Periodontitis; Animals; Biomarkers; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Prognosis; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 35061858
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262859 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate...
PURPOSE
Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors. Thus, we investigated microbiome dysbiosis in Egyptian, African American (AA), and European American (EA) CRC patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
CRCs and their corresponding normal tissues from Egyptian (n = 17) patients of the Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt, and tissues from AA (n = 18) and EA (n = 19) patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were collected. DNA was isolated from frozen tissues, and the microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differential microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolic pathways were identified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analyses. Additionally, we compared these profiles with our previously published microbiome data derived from Kenyan CRC patients.
RESULTS
Differential microbiome analysis of CRCs across all racial/ethnic groups showed dysbiosis. There were high abundances of and in CRCs of Egyptians, in CRCs of AAs, and in CRCs of EAs, and and in CRCs of Kenyans (LDA score >4, adj. p-value <0.05). Functional analyses showed distinct microbial metabolic pathways in CRCs compared to normal tissues within the racial/ethnic groups. Egyptian CRCs, compared to normal tissues, showed lower l-methionine biosynthesis and higher galactose degradation pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings showed altered mucosa-associated microbiome profiles of CRCs and their metabolic pathways across racial/ethnic groups. These findings provide a basis for future studies to link racial/ethnic microbiome differences with distinct clinical behaviors in CRC.
PubMed: 37483698
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18035 -
Annals of Dermatology Feb 2020Associations between acne and gastrointestinal comorbidities suggest that microbial dysbiosis and intestinal permeability may promote inflammatory acne, a condition...
BACKGROUND
Associations between acne and gastrointestinal comorbidities suggest that microbial dysbiosis and intestinal permeability may promote inflammatory acne, a condition often managed with oral antibiotics.
OBJECTIVE
We performed a case-control study to investigate the skin and gut microbiota in 8 acne patients before and after receiving oral minocycline compared to controls matched by age ±5 years, sex, and race.
METHODS
DNA was extracted from stool samples and facial skin swabs. Sequencing of the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME/MetaStats 2.0 software.
RESULTS
Acne patients included 7 female and 1 male, ages 20~32. Shannon diversity was not significantly different between the skin (=0.153) or gut (<0.999) microbiota of acne patients before and after antibiotics. The gut microbiota in pre-antibiotic acne patients compared to acne-free controls was depleted in probiotics (=0.001), (=0.001), and (=0.026). After antibiotics, the gut microbiota of acne patients was depleted in (=0.001), (=0.002), (=0.010), and (=0.042), while the skin microbiota was enriched in probiotics (=0.028) and (=0.029) and depleted in (=0.009) and (=0.028). At the phylum level, significant enrichment of Bacteroidetes in stool of acne patients following antibiotic treatment (=0.033) led to a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio.
CONCLUSION
Minocycline produces significant derangements in the microbiota of the skin and gut, including many probiotic species, highlighting the potential for more targeted antimicrobial treatments for acne.
PubMed: 33911705
DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.1.21 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Sep 2017To determine the percentage of persistant apical lesions positive for bacterial nucleic acids, to detect microorganisms difficult to cultivate in persistant apical...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the percentage of persistant apical lesions positive for bacterial nucleic acids, to detect microorganisms difficult to cultivate in persistant apical lesions by PCR and relate them to endodontic failure, clinical symptoms and diabetes mellitus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The samples of persistent apical lesions were collected during apicoectomy. Bacterial ubiquitous primer 16S rRNA was used to detect 16S ribosomal RNA in 36 samples. A species-specific PCR was performed with primers targeted to the bacterial 16S rRNA genes of , , and .
RESULTS
Six samples (16.67%) were positive for bacterial ribosomal RNA. was detected in three samples. and were detected in one sample each. The prevalence of infection of such lesions with , and is low.
CONSLUSION
The study we conducted gave insufficient data about extraradicular infection and its connection with diabetes mellitus and clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Apical lesions persisting after endodontic treatment could harbor microorganisms other than and species.
PubMed: 29225362
DOI: 10.15644/asc51/3/5 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Mar 2019To investigate periodontal status of patients with pre-diabetes and evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. All the subjects were under...
To investigate periodontal status of patients with pre-diabetes and evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. All the subjects were under regular care in urban area of Beijing, including 88 subjects with normal blood glucose (normal blood glucose group), 27 pre-diabetic patients (pre-diabetic group), 58 well-controlled diabetic patients (glucose well controlled group) and 72 poor-controlled diabetic patients (glucose poor controlled group). Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected before periodontal examination. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were examined at mesial-buccal and distal-lingual sites of each tooth. Number of missing teeth was recorded. DNA was extracted from the salivary deposition, (Pg), (Tf), (Td), (Cr), and (Pn) were detected by using PCR method based on 16SrRNA. Periodontal status and prevalence and quantity of the pathogens under various blood glucose states were compared. The PD scores of four groups had no statistical differences. The CAL [(2.29±1.35) mm] and the number of missing teeth[2.0 (7.0)] in pre-diabetic group were significantly lower than that in glucose poor controlled group [(3.07±1.45) mm, 0.04 and 5.0 (10.0), 0.04, respectively]. The number of missing teeth in pre-diabetic group [2.0 (7.0)] was significantly lower than that in glucose well controlled group [5.0 (9.0), 0.02]. The percent of bleeding on probing [BOP(+)%] in pre-diabetic group [(63.89±20.03)%] was significantly higher than that in normal blood glucose group [(54.51±22.29)%, 0.04] and glucose well controlled group [(53.12±21.77)%, 0.03]. The prevalence of Pg in pre-diabetic group (81.5%) was significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group (54.2%, 0.02). The prevalence of Tf in pre-diabetic group (96.3%) was significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group (76.4%, 0.01). Meanwhile the quantity of Pg [1.58 (4.75)] and Tf [5.46 (7.77)] in pre-diabetic group were significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group [0.60 (1.87), 0.01 and 1.63 (3.06), 0.01, respectively]. The quantity of Pn [0.85 (1.68)] in pre-diabetic group was significantly higher than that in normal blood glucose group [0 (1.02), 0.04]. Pre-diabetic patients showed severe periodontal infection and BOP(+)% than other three groups and had high risk-level of periodontitis.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Beijing; Dental Plaque Index; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prediabetic State; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 30856692
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2019.03.003 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2023Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by microbial infections of the gum. At an advanced stage, periodontitis can even destroy the alveolar bone. Fusobacterium... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by microbial infections of the gum. At an advanced stage, periodontitis can even destroy the alveolar bone. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Pr. nigrescens are the major pathogens in periodontitis. Scaling and root planning are used together with local or systemic antibiotics to treat periodontitis. The difficulty in complete eradication of periodontal pathogens frequently leads to the relapse of the disease. As not many new antibiotics are available in the market, many researchers are now focusing on developing alternative strategies against periodontal microbes. This review provides an overview of the possible use of bacteriophages, lysins, honey, plant extracts, metallic salts, nanoparticles, and vaccines as alternative therapeutic agents against periodontal infections. The information provided here could help in designing alternative therapeutics for the treatment of periodontal infections.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Disease Management; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 36724261
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac039 -
Anaerobe Dec 2018The accuracy of a phenotypic scheme to recognize periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates was assessed...
The accuracy of a phenotypic scheme to recognize periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates was assessed with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 84 fresh subgingival isolates from 23 chronic periodontitis patients were presumptively recognized on anaerobically-incubated enriched Brucella blood agar primary isolation plates as P. intermedia/nigrescens based on their dark-pigmented colony morphology, brick-red autofluorescence under long-wave ultraviolet light, and a negative fluorescence test for lactose production. The presumptive P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis using Bruker MALDI Biotyper analytic software containing mass spectra for P. intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in its reference library of bacterial protein profiles. Using a ≥1.7 log score agreement threshold, 60 (71.4%) of the presumptive P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates were confirmed as either P. intermedia (25 isolates) or P. nigrescens (35 isolates). All isolates with a <1.7 log score were also identified as P. intermedia or P. nigrescens from the top choice designated on the MALDI Biotyper most likely species identification list. These MALDI-TOF MS findings document the ability of the phenotypic scheme to correctly recognize most periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Chronic Periodontitis; Female; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 29913204
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.007 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly...
Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly self-aware of their oral malodor. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to measure volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels in patients with halitosis and investigate the oral microbiome profile on the inner surface of their KF94 masks. We also investigated which oral microbiota increases VSC levels and whether the oral microbiomes of oral saliva and mask are correlated. A total of 50 subjects (41 women, average age 38.12 ± 12.58 years old) were included in the study, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with halitosis who wore masks for more than 3 h. The dominant bacterial species, bacterial profile, and Shannon diversity index of whole unstimulated saliva and the inner surface of the mask were investigated. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the major oral bacterial species were analyzed using real-time PCR. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methyl mercaptan (CHSH), which are representative VSCs. The total bacterial DNA copy number was significantly higher in the saliva sample than in the mask sample (p < 0.001), and the average value was 276 times greater. Shannon diversity index was also significantly higher in saliva than in the inner surface of the mask (2.62 ± 0.81 vs. 1.15 ± 1.52, p < 0.001). The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive species in the masks were Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc), respectively. The bacterial species with significant positive correlations between saliva and mask samples were Prevotella intermedia (Pi) (r = 0.324, p = 0.022), Eikenella corrodens (r = 0.309, p = 0.029), Lc (r = 0.293, p = 0.039), and Parvimonas micra (Pm) (r = 0.366, p = 0.009). The mean value of CHSH was significantly higher in the halitosis group than in the non-halitosis group (17.84 ± 29.00 vs. 3.84 ± 10.57 ppb, p = 0.031). In the halitosis group, the DNA copy numbers and VSC levels showed highly positive correlation coefficients in the order Pg, Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Pi, and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) (all p < 0.05). Regarding bacterial profiles of the mask, Td was strongly correlated with CHSH (r = 0.414, p = 0.040) and total VSCs (r = 0.374, p = 0.033) only in halitosis group. Mask-wearing time was strongly correlated with total VSCs, HS, and CHSH (all r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Oral bacteria, whose association with halitosis has been identified, increased VSC levels in mask-wearing subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the number of Gram-negative anaerobes such as Pg and Td. Mask-wearing time was a major factor in increasing VSC levels. The study results suggest that people with halitosis could control these Gram-negative bacteria by improving oral hygiene and regularly changing masks.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Halitosis; Sulfur Compounds; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Prospective Studies; COVID-19; Sulfides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Hydrogen Sulfide; Saliva; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 36781937
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29080-3 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Dec 2022This study compared two molecular iodine mouthrinses for their bactericidal effects against subgingival biofilm bacteria from severe periodontitis patients.
AIM
This study compared two molecular iodine mouthrinses for their bactericidal effects against subgingival biofilm bacteria from severe periodontitis patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a subgingival biofilm eradication assay, dilution aliquots of subgingival microbial specimens from 32 adults with severe periodontitis were mixed with either a mouthrinse containing 100 parts per million (ppm) molecular iodine (Iorinse®) or one containing 150 ppm molecular iodine (iClean®), followed by mouthrinse neutralization after 60 seconds with 3% sodium thiosulfate. The mixtures, along with unexposed subgingival biofilm aliquots, were inoculated onto enriched Brucella blood agar and incubated anaerobically for 7 days to quantitate total viable bacterial counts and selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens ( and ).
RESULTS
Both molecular iodine mouthrinses significantly reduced total viable bacterial counts in the subgingival biofilm samples, with iClean® providing significantly greater suppression than Iorinse®. Both molecular iodine mouthrinses also significantly reduced total red/orange complex periodontal pathogens, with significantly greater suppression also exhibited by iClean®.
CONCLUSION
The molecular iodine mouthrinses exerted marked bactericidal activity against human subgingival biofilm microbial species, including red/orange complex periodontal pathogens associated with severe periodontitis, with iClean® providing significantly better antimicrobial activity than Iorinse®.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These findings suggest potential value of molecular iodine mouthrinses in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mouthwashes; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontal Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 37125513
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3447