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PloS One 2016To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Clinical examination determined the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and density of eight periodontopathic bacteria in saliva. The statistical analysis included chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS
In the G-DS group, bleeding on probing was more frequent (p = 0.037) and higher densities of Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.013), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.025), Treponema denticola (p = 0.026), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.013), Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.001) and Prevotella nigrescens (p = 0.008) were observed. Besides, in the G-DS, the densities of bacteria from the orange complex were significantly higher in the age group 3-7 years for F. nucleatum (p = 0.029), P. intermedia (p = 0.001) and P. nigrescens (p = 0.006). C. rectus was higher in the age group 8-12 years (p = 0.045).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have higher susceptibility to periodontal disease and number of periodontopathic bacteria.
Topics: Campylobacter rectus; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque Index; Down Syndrome; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Saliva; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 27727287
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162988 -
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Feb 2023Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in adjacent subgingival biofilms is not known. This study assessed the microbiological effect of supragingival air polishing on the subgingival microbiota of individuals with severe periodontitis.
METHODS
Supragingival air polishing with a sodium bicarbonatebased powder was performed on 15 adult test subjects, with the nozzle of the air polishing device aimed apically at a 45° angle onto tooth surfaces immediately coronal to the entrance of periodontal pockets. Supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, using a slow-speed handpiece, was carried out on 13 adult control subjects. Subgingival specimens were collected from a single 5 mm to 7 mm periodontal pocket with bleeding on probing in each of the study participants before and immediately after supragingival polishing procedures. Viable bacterial counts and selected putative periodontal pathogens ( species) were quantified by microbial culture, and motile morphotypes (spirochetes and motile rods) by phase-contrast microscopy.
RESULTS
Statistically significant decreases were detected after supragingival air polishing in total viable counts (84.9% decrease), in species, total proportions of red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (82.3% decrease), and in motile morphotypes (85.3% decrease). No statistically significant subgingival microbiological changes occurred with supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing.
CONCLUSION
Supragingival air polishing of teeth, but not supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, may serve as a useful therapeutic adjunct to disrupt and help remove pathogenic biofilms in deep periodontal pockets.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Polishing; Dental Plaque; Periodontitis; Campylobacter; Microbiota
PubMed: 36968802
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Oct 2019The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were...
The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were collected from the rubber dam of 27 patients during endodontic treatment performed by postgraduate students at the Department of Endodontics, University of Oslo. A bacterial sample was first obtained immediately after disinfection of the working field (A), and the second sample was collected just before obturation or dressing with calcium hydroxide cement (B). Aerobic cultivation technique and PCR were used for detection of bacterial growth and species. All samples were negative on culturing except in one case, which showed positive results with cultivation in both sample A and B. Specie detected with cultivation technique were . With PCR technique, 6 samples in 5 patients (11%), showed positive results. Species detected with PCR technique were and The present study showed that an aseptic working field was maintained throughout the endodontic procedure in 81% (22/27) of the cases after disinfection of the rubber dam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 31094270
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1606935 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Mar 2021The beneficial effects of Sr- and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) on osteoblast proliferation and bone regeneration have been investigated in the past, and the...
The beneficial effects of Sr- and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) on osteoblast proliferation and bone regeneration have been investigated in the past, and the antibacterial ability of Zn ions is well known. However, HAp coatings doped with these three elements via thermal spraying have not yet been investigated. In this study, HAp powder was synthesized at different pH values (4, 6, 8, and 10) and calcined at different temperatures (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C) to obtain HAp with the highest purity. Subsequently, strontium-, magnesium-, and zinc-doped HAp powders were synthesized at the optimal pH value and calcination temperature. The HAp powder was then coated onto Ti disks using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) or vapor-induced pore-forming atmospheric plasma spraying (VIPF-APS) techniques at different working currents (350, 400, and 450 A) and spraying distances (10 and 15 cm). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used for material characterization to determine the optimal parameters. With these optimal coating parameters, HAp, Zn-HAp, SrMg-HAp, and ZnSrMg-HAp powders were deposited onto the Ti disks using VIPF-APS and named HAp-Ti, Zn-HAp-Ti, SrMg-HAp-Ti, and ZnSrMg-HAp-Ti, respectively. The in vitro bioactivity of these four groups was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity assay. Besides, the antibacterial activities against , , and were assessed. The results showed that the purity of HAp synthesized at pH 10 and 800 °C was 98.40%. A porous coating without cracks was obtained at a 10 cm spraying distance and 400 A working current using VIPF-APS. SrMg-HAp-Ti and ZnSrMg-HAp-Ti resulted in higher osteoblast proliferation and ALPase activity than the control. Moreover, both Zn-HAp-Ti and ZnSrMg-HAp-Ti exhibited antibacterial activity against the three bacteria. Therefore, ZnSrMg-HAp has potential as a coating for biomedical materials due to its ability to reduce bacterial infection and enhance osseointegration.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atmosphere; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Durapatite; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Magnesium; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Particle Size; Porosity; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens; Strontium; Surface Properties; Zinc
PubMed: 35014370
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01535 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Dec 2016The occurrence of tooth root caries is increasing as the world population ages and tooth retention in seniors increases. Class V restorations with subgingival margins...
OBJECTIVES
The occurrence of tooth root caries is increasing as the world population ages and tooth retention in seniors increases. Class V restorations with subgingival margins are difficult to clean and often lead to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to develop a Class V composite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and investigate mechanical properties and the inhibition of six species of periodontitis-related biofilms for the first time.
METHODS
Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) and pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) were mixed at 1:1 mass ratio to form the resin matrix. DMAHDM, NACP, and glass particles were incorporated at 3%, 20% and 50% by mass, respectively. Six species were tested: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, biomass via crystal violet staining, and polysaccharide production by biofilms were determined on composites.
RESULT
Adding 3% DMAHDM to composite did not affect the flexure strength and elastic modulus (p>0.1). For all six species of periodontal pathogens, the DMAHDM composite had biofilm CFU nearly three orders of magnitude less than that without DMAHDM. The killing efficacy of DMAHDM composite against the six species was: E. faecalis
nigrescens=P. intermedia SIGNIFICANCE
The novel nanocomposite containing DMAHDM and NACP showed strong inhibiting effect against all six species of periodontitis-related pathogens. This composite is promising for Class V restorations to restore root caries and combat periodontitis.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Nanocomposites; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 27671471
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.023 -
Biomedicines Apr 2022The widespread increase of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative treatments such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to...
Antimicrobial Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Indocyanine Green in Combination with Visible Light and Water-Filtered Infrared A Radiation against Periodontal Bacteria and Subgingival Biofilm.
The widespread increase of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative treatments such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial behavior and cytotoxicity of aPDT with indocyanine green (ICG) in combination with visible light (Vis) and water-filtered infrared A (wIRA). Representative periodontal bacteria (, , , , , , , and ) and subgingival in situ biofilms from periodontal patients were treated with aPDT for 5 min. ICG was used at different concentrations (50-500 µg/mL) and the number of viable cells was determined in colony forming units (CFU). Untreated negative controls and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a positive control were also prepared. The cytotoxicity test on human keratinocytes in vitro was analyzed with the AlamarBlue assay after 5, 10, and 20 min, with four ICG concentrations, and at two temperatures (room temperature and 37 °C). The tested periodontal pathogens treated with aPDT were eliminated in a range between 1.2 and 6.7 log CFU, except for , which was killed at a lower range. The subgingival biofilm treated with aPDT expressed significant differences to the untreated controls except for at 300 µg/mL ICG concentration. The cytotoxicity was directly related to the concentration of ICG and irradiation time. These observations raise questions concerning the use of this specific aPDT as an adjuvant to periodontal treatments due to its possible toxicity towards human gingival cells.
PubMed: 35625693
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050956 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2021To investigate the prevalence of five specific periodontal pathogens in the saliva of edentulous patients and to compare the differences in the saliva of dentulous...
To investigate the prevalence of five specific periodontal pathogens in the saliva of edentulous patients and to compare the differences in the saliva of dentulous individuals with various periodontal conditions. All the subjects were patients who received regular care at the Beijing Hypertension Prevention and Management Institute. Twenty-seven edentulous patients (edentulous group) were included. According to age (age gap≤5 years), gender, smoking status, diabetes status and hypertension status, each edentulous patient was paired with dentulous individuals suffering from various severity of periodontitis in the same cohort. Then, we selected 3 groups of patients (27 in each group) with no or mild periodontitis (mild group), moderate periodontitis (moderate group) and severe periodontitis (severe group). The whole unstimulated saliva was collected before the periodontal examination. Questionnaire survey and periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were examined at mesial-buccal and distal-lingual sites of each tooth respectively. DNA was extracted from each sample of the salivary deposition. (Pg), (Tf), (Td), (Cr) and (Pn) were detected by using PCR method based on 16SrRNA. The prevalence and quantity of the pathogens under various severity of periodontitis were compared. One or more periodontal pathogens could be detected from the 78% (21/27) of the salivary samples in edentulous group. Thereinto, the prevalences of the five periodontal pathogens were ranked as (from high to low): Cr [56% (15/27)], Tf [44% (12/27)], Pn [26% (7/27)], Pg [22% (6/27)] and Td [11% (3/27)]. All five pathogens' prevalences and Pg, Tf, Td and Pn's quantities showed statistical differences among the four groups. The numbers of detected bacterial species in the mild, moderate and severe groups were significantly higher than that in the edentulous group (0.01). Furthermore, the prevalences of the red complex in three dentulous groups [96% (26/27) in each group] were significantly higher than the edentulous group [48% (13/27)] (0.05). The proportions of the red complex among all five pathogens (83%) in moderate and severe groups were significantly higher than that in the edentulous group (37%) (0.01). All five periodontal pathogens could be detected in most of the saliva samples from edentulous individuals. Nevertheless, the prevalence and quantity were lower than dentulous individuals.
Topics: Beijing; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Saliva
PubMed: 34915658
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20210305-00102 -
Journal of Periodontology May 2017Various antimicrobial agents are widely used in the therapy of oral inflammatory diseases. However, their side effects and the appearance of drug resistance justify...
BACKGROUND
Various antimicrobial agents are widely used in the therapy of oral inflammatory diseases. However, their side effects and the appearance of drug resistance justify research on natural antimicrobial agents to target oral pathogens that are safe for the host. In the present study, antimicrobial properties of mastic extract on commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria, as well as its possible cytotoxic effect toward cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, were evaluated and compared with the common antimicrobial agents hydrogen peroxide (HO) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).
METHODS
Oral and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans [Sm], Streptococcus oralis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens) were treated with different concentrations of mastic extract, 3% HO, and 0.2% CHX, and evaluated with an agar diffusion test. The cytotoxic effect of mastic extract was tested on four cell lines of epithelial and mesenchymal origin (HaCaT, SaOS-2, MC3T3-E1, periodontal ligament [PDL] cells) by neutral red and 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay.
RESULTS
Mastic extract led to significantly (P ≤0.016) increased inhibition of the tested periodontal pathogens compared with HO. No effect of mastic extract was observed on Sm. Mastic extract showed beneficial effects on cell viability because viability values of tested cells were significantly (P ≤0.016) lower for cells treated with CHX and HO compared with mastic extract-treated cells after stimulation for 2, 4, and 6 hours.
CONCLUSION
The present data demonstrate mastic extract's inhibition of periodontal pathogens, as well as beneficial effects on cell viability, compared with HО, suggesting that it could be considered an alternative antibacterial agent in the prevention of periodontal disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Mice; Periodontitis; Phytotherapy; Pistacia; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis
PubMed: 28067105
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.150691 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Discovery of human microbiota is fundamentally changing our perceptions of certain diseases and their treatments. However little is known about the human blood vessel...
Discovery of human microbiota is fundamentally changing our perceptions of certain diseases and their treatments. However little is known about the human blood vessel microbiota, it may have important effects on vascular pathological lesions and vascular homograft failure. In our prospective survey study fourteen femoral arteries, harvested from donors in multi-organ donations, were examined using the V3-V4 region 16S rRNA sequencing method. The most abundant phyla in the human vascular microbiota were , and . At the genus level, the most abundant taxa were , , , , and . Of the bacterial taxa that have an indirect effect on the development of atherosclerosis, we found , and spp. with different abundances in our samples. Of the bacteria that are more common in the intestinal flora of healthy than of atherosclerosis patients, and occurred in the majority of samples. The human arterial wall has a unique microbiota that is significantly different in composition from that of other areas of the body. Our present study provides a basis for ensuing research that investigates the direct role of the microbiota in vascular wall abnormalities and the success of vascular allograft transplantations.
Topics: Humans; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Femoral Artery; Prospective Studies; Microbiota; Bacteria; Tissue Donors; Atherosclerosis; Brain
PubMed: 36530429
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1056319 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Jul 2021In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation....
BACKGROUND
In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation. This also predisposes the airways to further infections, the vicious, self-perpetuating cycle causing lung damage and progressive lung function decline. The airways are a poly-microbial environment, containing both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections contribute to the excessive inflammatory response in CF, but the role of anaerobic Prevotella spp., frequently found in CF airways, is not known.
MATERIALS
We assessed innate immune signalling in CF airway epithelial cells in response to clinical strains of P. histicola, P. nigresens and P. aeruginosa. CFBE41o- cells were infected with P. aeruginosa (MOI 100, 2h) followed by infection with P. histicola or P. nigrescens (MOI 100, 2h). Cells were incubated under anaerobic conditions for the duration of the experiments.
RESULTS
Our study shows that P. histicola and P. nigresens can reduce the growth of P. aeruginosa and dampen the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. We specifically illustrate that the presence of the investigated Prevotella spp. reduces Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4, MAPK, NF-κB(p65) signalling and cytokine release (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) in mixed infections.
CONCLUSION
Our work, for the first time, strongly indicates a relationship between P. aeruginosa and anaerobic Prevotella spp.. The observed modified NF-κB and MAPK signalling indicates some mechanisms underlying this interaction that could offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat chronic P. aeruginosa infection in people with CF.
Topics: Bronchi; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Prevotella; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Mucosa
PubMed: 34112603
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.012