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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats treated with chemotherapy.
METHODS
Chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) consisted of intraperitoneal administration of 60 and 40 mg/kg of 5-FU. 120 rats were subjected to chemotherapy with 5-FU and divided into groups: PT (periodontal treatment); PT+1aPDT (PT and single aPDT session); PT+4aPDT(PT and 4 sessions of aPDT); 1aPDT (single aPDT session); 4aPDT(4 sessions of aPDT). EP was induced in the mandibular molars via ligature placement. The alveolar bone loss (ABL) area in the furcation region was analysed histometrically. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Prostaglandin E2 was quantified using an ELISA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed using a multiplex method. The prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum was assessed using PCR. The data were statistically analysed (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
The PT+4aPDT group showed lower ABL than the PT or 1aPDT groups on day 7. Rats treated with aPDT showed a higher number of PCNA-positive cells with reduced immunolabeling of RANKL. Significant reductions in Prevotella nigrescens were observed in the PT+4aPDT group and in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans for the 1aPDT and 4aPDT groups.
CONCLUSION
Repeated sessions of aPDT as an adjunct or alternative therapy were effective at reducing ABL, regulating bone metabolism, and reducing Prevotella nigrescens and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Dental Scaling; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorouracil; Interleukin-6; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Prevotella nigrescens; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 30468900
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.014 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2016Despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare...
OBJECTIVES
Despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fourteen bacterial mock communities, consisting of 16 randomly assembled bacterial strains, were used as reference standard for testing kits and primers. Extracted DNA from mock communities was analyzed by PCR in-house with specific primers and forwarded for analysis to the manufacturer's laboratory of each of the following kits: ParoCheck®Kit 20, micro-IDent®plus11, and Carpegen® Perio Diagnostik.
RESULTS
The kits accurately detected Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus/showae, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella parvula. The in-house primers for F.nucleatum were highly specific to subtypes of the respective periopathogen. Other primers repeatedly detected oral pathogens not present in the mock communities, indicating reduced specificity.
CONCLUSIONS
The commercial kits used in this study are reliable tools to support periodontal diagnostics. Whereas the detection profile of the kits is fixed at a general specificity level, the design of primers can be adjusted to differentiate between highly specific strains. In-house primers are more error-prone. Bacterial mock communities can be established as a reference standard for any similar testing.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The tested kits render good results with selected bacterial species. Primers appear to be less useful for routine clinical diagnostics and of limited applicability in research. Basic information about the periodontopathogens identified in this study supports clinical decision-making.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 27020914
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1748-9 -
Natural Product Research Nov 2020is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and...
is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from leaves (NM-EO). It displayed high antibacterial activity against , and . NM-EO also exhibited high antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of . Its antiproliferative activity was evaluated against the following cells: GM07429A (normal cell), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and M059J (human glioblastoma). Its major components, which were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS, were α-bisabolol (13.7%), bicyclogermacrene (10.9%), (,)-farnesene (10.6%), -caryophyllene (9.5%) and ()-β-farnesene (7.0%). These results suggest that , a Brazilian plant, shows initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances of medicinal interest.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antiprotozoal Agents; Brazil; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Lauraceae; Leishmania; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 31084218
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1608539 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria commonly associated with healthy periodontal tissues as probiotic candidates.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Ovid databases as well as the combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms. Based on the selection criteria, original studies published in English and identifying the microorganisms present in the periodontium of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis using the high-throughput 16S ribosomal gene sequencing technique were included.
RESULTS
Out of 659 articles, 12 met the criteria for this review. These articles were published from 2012 to 2020 and mainly originated from the United States, China, and Spain. Most of these studies reported adequate criteria for selecting participants, using standardized clinical criteria, and compliance with quality based on the tools used. In periodontal healthy tissue were identified species like Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Prevotella nigrescens which have recognized strains with a capacity to inhibit periodontopathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii are among the bacterial species proposed as potential probiotics because some strains can inhibit periodontopathogens and have been reported as safe for humans.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38877601
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01908-2 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Apr 2020Prevotella species, being members of the human microbiota, are obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. These organisms may cause opportunistic infections, including...
Prevotella species, being members of the human microbiota, are obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. These organisms may cause opportunistic infections, including specific oral infections, local or systemic infections. A significant increase of resistance to some antimicrobials has been detected among Prevotella species. The frequency of resistance vary among isolates from different infection sources and between geographic locations. The knowledge about the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different Prevotella species is limited in Turkey. Providing the antimicrobial susceptibility data of these bacteria is very important for effective empirical treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine susceptibility data for 12 antimicrobial agents against Prevotella strains originating from human infections, collected in two centers in Turkey. A total of 118 Prevotella strains, isolated from different clinical samples in Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology and Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry Oral Microbiology Laboratories between January 2014-December 2017, were tested. Organisms were identified by using MALDI-TOF MS and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Minimal inhibitor concentrations of ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem, clindamycin, tetracycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin and metronidazole were determined using gradiyent test methodology (E-test; bioMerieux, France) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and Food and Drug Administration guidelines were used for interpretation. Thirteen different Prevotella species were identified, Prevotella bivia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most prevalent species (n= 21) followed by Prevotella buccae (n= 19). All Prevotella strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem and tigecycline. A total of 2 (1.7%) isolates were resistant to metronidazole and 1 (0.8%) isolate was intermediately resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam. The frequency of resistant isolates against ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin were 57.6%, 36.4%, 18% and 16.3%, respectively. In conclusion, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, and tigecycline displayed high in vitro activity against Prevotella spp. and they all remained good candidates for empiric therapy. Imipenem and meropenem were also found to be very active, but the usage of carbapenems should be reserved for serious mixed infections, potentially accompanied by other resistant organisms. Intermediate resistance to ampicillinsulbactam and the resistance against metronidazole emphasized the need of periodic monitoring of their susceptibility patterns. The high rates of non-susceptibility to ampicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin indicated that these antimicrobials should not be used for treatment of infections without prior antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Turkey
PubMed: 32723280
DOI: 10.5578/mb.69309 -
Microbiome Mar 2017Periodontitis results from the interaction between a subgingival biofilm and host immune response. Changes in biofilm composition are thought to disrupt homeostasis...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis results from the interaction between a subgingival biofilm and host immune response. Changes in biofilm composition are thought to disrupt homeostasis between the host and subgingival bacteria resulting in periodontal damage. Chronic systemic inflammatory disorders have been shown to affect the subgingival microbiota and clinical periodontal status. However, this relationship has not been examined in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of SLE on the subgingival microbiota and its connection with periodontal disease and SLE activity.
METHODS
We evaluated 52 patients with SLE compared to 52 subjects without SLE (control group). Subjects were classified as without periodontitis and with periodontitis. Oral microbiota composition was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from subgingival dental plaque DNA extracts. These amplicons were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing.
RESULTS
SLE patients exhibited higher prevalence of periodontitis which occurred at a younger age compared to subjects of the control group. More severe forms of periodontitis were found in SLE subjects that had higher bacterial loads and decreased microbial diversity. Bacterial species frequently detected in periodontal disease were observed in higher proportions in SLE patients, even in periodontal healthy sites such as Fretibacterium, Prevotella nigrescens, and Selenomonas. Changes in the oral microbiota were linked to increased local inflammation, as demonstrated by higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-33 in SLE patients with periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
SLE is associated with differences in the composition of the microbiota, independently of periodontal status.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Dental Plaque; Dysbiosis; Female; Gingiva; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-33; Interleukin-6; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Young Adult
PubMed: 28320468
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0252-z -
Cancer Prevention Research... Jan 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal...
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal women. The cervical microbiota of HPV-positive or -negative women with a normal cytologic diagnosis was characterized and compared using 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing, and the differences in cervical microbiota associated with new acquisition, persistence, and clearances of HPV genotypes were analyzed via one-year follow-up. The results showed that the cervical microbial richness of HPV-positive women was lower than for HPV-negative women, and the difference was more significant in the postmenopausal group relative to the premenopausal group. and related taxa were associated with baseline HPV positivity, while , and genera and their related taxa and were associated with baseline HPV negativity. For HPV-positive women, the baseline abundance of was negatively associated with new HPV infection, , and ; and were positively associated with new HPV-type infection within the year of follow-up. was found to be negatively associated with persistent HPV infection and 9 taxa belonging to , and were found to be positively associated with persistence, and/or negatively associated with clearance of HPV types. We also observed 10 novel taxa associated with the clearance/persistence of HPV that had not been reported elsewhere. Those taxa associated with different infection statuses of HPV could be used as a biomarker to help predict the risk of developing persistent HPV infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Cervix Uteri; China; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genotype; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 30463989
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0233 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Nov 2016The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive dental bonding agent with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate and dimethylaminohexadecyl...
The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive dental bonding agent with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate for tooth root caries restorations and endodontic applications, and (2) investigate biofilm inhibition by the bioactive bonding agent against eight species of periodontal and endodontic pathogens for the first time. Bonding agent was formulated with 5 % of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate at 30 wt% was mixed into adhesive. Eight species of biofilms were grown on resins: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium. Colony-forming units, live/dead assay, biomass, metabolic activity and polysaccharide of biofilms were determined. The results showed that adding dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate into bonding agent did not decrease dentin bond strength (P > 0.1). Adding dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate reduced the colony-forming units of all eight species of biofilms by nearly three orders of magnitude. The killing efficacy of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate resin was: P. gingivalis > A. actinomycetemcomitans > P. intermedia > P. nigrescens > F. nucleatum > P. micra > E. faecalis > E. faecium. Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate resin had much less biomass, metabolic activity and polysaccharide of biofilms than those without dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a novel dental adhesive was developed for root caries and endodontic applications, showing potent inhibition of biofilms of eight species of periodontal and endodontic pathogens, and reducing colony-forming units by three orders of magnitude. The bioactive adhesive is promising for tooth root restorations to provide subgingival margins with anti-periodontal pathogen capabilities, and for endodontic sealer applications to combat endodontic biofilms.
Topics: Bacteria; Biofilms; Culture Media; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Plaque; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Endodontics; Humans; Methacrylates; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanoparticles; Polysaccharides; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Silver; Solvents; Stem Cells
PubMed: 27699574
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5778-2 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and this can produce drug-resistant strains, especially the main pathogen of periodontitis, . Carbon quantum dots with various...
INTRODUCTION
Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and this can produce drug-resistant strains, especially the main pathogen of periodontitis, . Carbon quantum dots with various biomedical properties are considered to have great application potential in antibacterial and anti-biofilm treatment.
METHODS
Tinidazole carbon quantum dots (TCDs) and metronidazole carbon quantum dots (MCDs) were prepared by a hydrothermal method with the clinical antibacterial drugs tinidazole and metronidazole, respectively. Then, TCDs and MCDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The antibacterial effects were also investigated under different conditions.
RESULTS
The TCDs and MCDs had uniform sizes. The results of UV-visible and energy-dispersive spectrometry confirmed their important carbon polymerization structures and the activity of the nitro group, which had an evident inhibitory effect on , but almost no effect on other bacteria, including , and . Importantly, the TCDs could penetrate the biofilms to further effectively inhibit the growth of under the biofilms. Furthermore, it was found that the antibacterial effect of TCDs lies in its ability to impair toxicity by inhibiting the major virulence factors and related genes involved in the biofilm formation of , thus affecting the self-assembly of biofilm-related proteins.
CONCLUSION
The findings demonstrate a promising new method for improving the efficiency of periodontitis treatment by penetrating the biofilm with preparations of nano-level antibacterial drugs.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Carbon; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Quantum Dots; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Staphylococcus aureus; Tinidazole; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32801701
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S253416 -
BMC Oral Health May 2015Plasminogen deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which is associated with aggressive periodontitis and gingival enlargement. Previously described treatments...
BACKGROUND
Plasminogen deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which is associated with aggressive periodontitis and gingival enlargement. Previously described treatments of plasminogen deficiency associated periodontitis have shown limited success. This is the first case report indicating a successful therapy approach consisting of a non-surgical supra- and subgingival debridement in combination with an adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy and a strict supportive periodontal regimen over an observation period of 4 years.
CASE PRESENTATION
The intraoral examination of a 17-year-old Turkish female with severe plasminogen deficiency revealed generalized increased pocket probing depths ranging from 6 to 9 mm, bleeding on probing over 30%, generalized tooth mobility, and gingival hyperplasia. Alveolar bone loss ranged from 30% to 50%. Clinical attachment loss corresponded to pocket probing depths. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Eikenella corrodens have been detected by realtime polymerase chain reaction. Periodontal treatment consisted of full mouth disinfection and adjunctive systemic administration of amoxicillin (500 mg tid) and metronidazole (400 mg tid). A strict supportive periodontal therapy regimen every three month in terms of supra- and subgingival debridement was rendered. The reported therapy has significantly improved periodontal health and arrested disease progression. Intraoral examination at the end of the observation period 3.5 years after non-surgical periodontal therapy showed generalized decreased pocket probing depths ranging from 1 to 6 mm, bleeding on probing lower 30%, and tooth mobility class I and II. Furthermore, microbiological analysis shows the absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola after therapy.
CONCLUSION
Adjunctive antibiotic treatment may alter the oral microbiome and thus, the inflammatory response of periodontal disease associated to plasminogen deficiency and diminishes the risk of pseudomembrane formation and progressive attachment loss. This case report indicates that patients with plasminogen deficiency may benefit from non-surgical periodontal treatment in combination with an adjunctive antibiotic therapy and a strict supportive periodontal therapy regimen.
Topics: Adolescent; Alveolar Bone Loss; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Conjunctivitis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Hyperplasia; Humans; Metronidazole; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Debridement; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Plasminogen; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Tooth Mobility
PubMed: 25971786
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0045-3