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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2018The recent description of the genus has altered the taxonomy of species. These organisms still belong to the genera of the skin coryneform group, and the most-studied... (Review)
Review
The recent description of the genus has altered the taxonomy of species. These organisms still belong to the genera of the skin coryneform group, and the most-studied species remains . is also a known skin commensal. This underrecognized microorganism can, however, act as a pathogen after bacterial seeding and can be considered opportunistic, causing either superficial or deep/invasive infections. It can cause numerous infections, including but not limited to breast infections, skin abscesses, infective endocarditis, and device-related infections. The ecological niche of is clearly different from that of other members of the genus: it is found in the axillary region or at wet sites rather than in dry, exposed areas, and the number of microorganisms increases during puberty. Historically, it has been used for its ability to modulate the immune response and for its antitumor properties. Conventional microbial culture methods and identification processes allow for its accurate identification and characterization. Thanks to the modern omics tools used for phylogenomic approaches, understanding pathogenesis (including host-bacterium interactions and virulence factor characterization) is becoming easier, allowing for more thorough molecular characterization. These analyses have revealed that causes diverse diseases mediated by multiple virulence factors. The recent genome approach has revealed specific genomic regions within this species that are involved in adherence and biofilm formation as well as fitness, survival, and defense functions. Numerous regions show the presence of phages and horizontal gene transfer. remains highly sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and rifampin, although erythromycin and clindamycin resistance has been described. A long-term treatment regimen with a combination of antibiotics is required to successfully eliminate the remaining adherent bacteria, particularly in the case of deep infections after debridement surgery.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 29848774
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00064-17 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 was incubated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8 Laurate to yield electricity which was measured by a voltage...
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 was incubated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8 Laurate to yield electricity which was measured by a voltage difference between electrodes. Production of electron was validated by a Ferrozine assay. The anti-Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) activity of electrogenic S. epidermidis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The voltage change (~ 4.4 mV) reached a peak 60 min after pipetting S. epidermidis plus 2% PEG-8 Laurate onto anodes. The electricity produced by S. epidermidis caused significant growth attenuation and cell lysis of C. acnes. Intradermal injection of C. acnes and S. epidermidis plus PEG-8 Laurate into the mouse ear considerably suppressed the growth of C. acnes. This suppressive effect was noticeably reversed when cyclophilin A of S. epidermidis was inhibited, indicating the essential role of cyclophilin A in electricity production of S. epidermidis against C. acnes. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that skin S. epidermidis, in the presence of PEG-8 Laurate, can mediate cyclophilin A to elicit an electrical current that has anti-C. acnes effects. Electricity generated by S. epidermidis may confer immediate innate immunity in acne lesions to rein in the overgrowth of C. acnes at the onset of acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Antibiosis; Bacterial Proteins; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Cyclophilin A; Disease Models, Animal; Ear; Electricity; Electrodes; Female; Gene Expression; Laurates; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Polyethylene Glycols; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 34099817
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91398-7 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2018No common, unique genetic markers applicable to classification and phylogenetics for significant genera within the Propionibacteriaceae family have been suggested yet....
Variable regions of the glyS, infB and rplB genes usable as novel genetic markers for identification and phylogenetic purposes of genera belonging to the family Propionibacteriaceae.
No common, unique genetic markers applicable to classification and phylogenetics for significant genera within the Propionibacteriaceae family have been suggested yet. Therefore, the aim of the study was to propose those genes in the genera Acidipropionibacterium, Cutibacterium, Propionibacterium and Pseudopropionibacterium. These genera were recently elicited from the genus Propionibacterium through whole genomic analyses. Three housekeeping genes, glyS, infB and rplB, were selected from many others according to the requirements for appropriate classification/phylogenetic markers. Concrete fragments of the genes were amplified using specific primers in most of the type (14) and 11 wild strains (originating from dairy products, human skin and the crop of a laying hen) recently classified into the genus Propionibacterium. Sequences obtained from amplicons were used to perform gene statistics and phylogenetic analyses with respect to applicability in classification, typing and phylogeny. The 16S rRNA gene sequences, still considered relevant in spite of its proven shortcomings as a basic tool for evaluation of bacterial phylogeny, were used as a baseline for comparative analyses. The statistics of the gene sequences revealed that the variable regions of all three genes have higher resolution capabilities among strains examined compared to the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Phylogenetic analyses based on individual gene sequences and their concatenate enabled to distinguish clusters of species belonging to the genera Acidipropionibacterium, Cutibacterium and Propionibacterium, which corresponds with a recently reported genomic study. Thus, the crucial importance of this study is the economically advantageous classification and typing of propionibacterial isolates and strains through the three gene regions in contrast to the requirement for whole genomic assays.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chickens; DNA, Bacterial; Dairy Products; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Markers; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29949501
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002873 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2020Nine Gram-stain-positive cocci, coccobacilli or short, rod-shaped strains recovered from clinical sources from patients located in two Canadian provinces and one...
Nine Gram-stain-positive cocci, coccobacilli or short, rod-shaped strains recovered from clinical sources from patients located in two Canadian provinces and one environmental source were extensively studied. Clinical sources included blood cultures, cerebral spinal fluid, lymph node, lung biopsy and peritoneal fluid. Through 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing analyses, the strains were found to cluster into three groups, closest to but distinguished from other genera in the family . The genomes from these bacteria had high G+C content, ranging from 67.8-69.56 mol%, and genome sizes of 3.02-4.52 Mb. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties including branched-chain cellular fatty acids, l-lysine diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and cell-wall type A3γ (ll-DAP-gly) containing ll-DAP, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid were found and so the strains were therefore deemed to be consistent with other new genera in this family. Based on this investigation, we propose gen. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and gen. nov., sp. nov. for these taxa. Misidentified taxon '' was found to be assignable to based on this study.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Body Fluids; Canada; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Genome Size; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 32931407
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004461 -
Nature Communications Feb 2023Acne vulgaris is a common neutrophil-driven inflammatory skin disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is known to play a key role. For decades, antibiotics have...
Acne vulgaris is a common neutrophil-driven inflammatory skin disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is known to play a key role. For decades, antibiotics have been widely employed to treat acne vulgaris, inevitably resulting in increased bacterial antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy is a promising strategy to combat the growing challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, utilizing viruses that specifically lyse bacteria. Herein, we explore the feasibility of phage therapy against C. acnes. Eight novel phages, isolated in our laboratory, and commonly used antibiotics eradicate 100% of clinically isolated C. acnes strains. Topical phage therapy in a C. acnes-induced acne-like lesions mouse model affords significantly superior clinical and histological scores. Moreover, the decrease in inflammatory response was reflected by the reduced expression of chemokine CXCL2, neutrophil infiltration, and other inflammatory cytokines when compared with the infected-untreated group. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of phage therapy for acne vulgaris as an additional tool to conventional antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Phage Therapy; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Skin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36813793
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36694-8 -
International Journal of Dermatology Aug 2021
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 33847369
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15550 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Nov 2020Dermatologists consistently rank as the most frequent prescribers of systemic antibiotics, and one of the most common diagnoses for which we recommend these agents is...
Dermatologists consistently rank as the most frequent prescribers of systemic antibiotics, and one of the most common diagnoses for which we recommend these agents is acne vulgaris. Up to three quarters of the antibiotics that dermatologists prescribe are in the tetracycline class.1 Even though dermatology as a specialty is well-known for off-label prescribing, it may be surprising to note that no systemic antibiotic had been FDA approved solely for treatment of acne—until recently.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Approval; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Off-Label Use; Propionibacteriaceae; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 33196745
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Microbiology Jun 2015The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated... (Review)
Review
The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated fermentative bacteria, including probiotics, are major sources of ingested bacteria that may temporarily complement resident microbial communities, thus forming part of our transient microbiome. Here, we review data on the fate and activity of ingested bacteria and, in particular, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their impact on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with a focus on data from clinical studies. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms involved and the potential impact on the host's health.
Topics: Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bifidobacterium; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Eating; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbial Interactions; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 25840765
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Sep 2023The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Cutibacterium acnes in acne patients has increased owing to inappropriate antimicrobial use. Commensal skin bacteria may play...
The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Cutibacterium acnes in acne patients has increased owing to inappropriate antimicrobial use. Commensal skin bacteria may play an important role in maintaining the balance of the skin microbiome by producing antimicrobial substances. Inhibition of Cu. acnes overgrowth can prevent the development and exacerbation of acne vulgaris. Here, we evaluated skin bacteria with anti-Cu. acnes activity. Growth inhibition activity against Cu. acnes was tested using 122 strains isolated from the skin of healthy volunteers and acne patients. Comparative genomic analysis of the bacterium with or without anti-Cu. acnes activity was conducted. The anti-Cu. acnes activity was confirmed by cloning an identified gene cluster and chemically synthesized peptides. Cu. avidum ATCC25577 and 89.7% of the Cu. avidum clinical isolates (26/29 strains) inhibited Cu. acnes growth. The growth inhibition activity was also found against other Cutibacterium, Lactiplantibacillus, and Corynebacterium species, but not against Staphylococcus species. The genome sequence of Cu. avidum showed a gene cluster encoding a novel bacteriocin named avidumicin. The precursor protein encoded by avdA undergoes post-translational modifications, supposedly becoming a circular bacteriocin. The anti-Cu. acnes activity of avidumicin was confirmed by Lactococcus lactis MG1363 carrying avdA. The C-terminal region of the avidumicin may be essential for anti-Cu. acnes activity. A commensal skin bacterium, Cu. avidum, producing avidumicin has anti-Cu. acnes activity. Therefore, avidumicin is a novel cyclic bacteriocin with a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. These findings suggest that Cu. avidum and avidumicin represent potential alternative agents in antimicrobial therapy for acne vulgaris.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriocins; Propionibacterium acnes; Propionibacteriaceae; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37264118
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00635-w -
Journal of the European Academy of... Mar 2023Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinisation, skin microbiome dysbiosis and local immuno-inflammation. Recent key studies have highlighted a better understanding of the important role of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in the development of acne. Three major findings in the last decade include: (1) the ability of C. acnes to self-organize in a biofilm associated with a more virulent activity, (2) the loss of the C. acnes phylotype diversity and (3) the central role of the Th17 pathway in acne inflammation. Indeed, there is a close link between C. acnes and the activation of the Th17 immuno-inflammatory pathway at the initiation of acne development. These mechanisms are directly linked to the loss of C. acnes phylotype diversity during acne, with a predominance of the pro-pathogenic phylotype IA1. This specifically contributes to the induction of the Th17-mediated immuno-inflammatory response involving skin cells, such as keratinocytes, monocytes and sebocytes. These advancements have led to new insights into the underlying mechanisms which can be harnessed to develop novel treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. A major disadvantage of traditional treatment with topical antibiotics is that they induce cutaneous dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, future treatments would no longer aim to 'kill' C. acnes, but to maintain the skin microbiota balance allowing for tissue homeostasis, specifically, the restoration of C. acnes phylotype diversity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of acne, with a focus on the prominent role of C. acnes and the Th17-inflammatory pathways involved.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Dermatitis; Skin Diseases; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36729400
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18794