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Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2022Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial etiology. Abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, altered sebum production,... (Review)
Review
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial etiology. Abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, altered sebum production, inflammation of the sebaceous follicle, and colonization by Cutibacterium acnes have been traditionally implicated. However, the diet has also been highlighted in the pathogenesis because of its direct relation with some biochemical markers and the transcription of specific genes associated with sebaceous gland activity, inflammation, and bacterial proliferation, which together promote the development of the disease, affect the severity of the condition, and modify its response to treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Diet; Humans; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebum
PubMed: 35468121
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000088 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Dec 2020Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of inflammatory acne presenting clinically with an abrupt outburst of painful, hemorrhagic pustules and ulceration, that... (Review)
Review
Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of inflammatory acne presenting clinically with an abrupt outburst of painful, hemorrhagic pustules and ulceration, that may or may not be associated with systemic symptoms, such as fever, polyarthritis, and laboratory abnormalities. It typically affects male teenagers with a pre-existing acne. Although the pathogenetic mechanism has not been established yet, a role of genetic, abnormal immunologic response, drugs intake, hormonal imbalance and viral infection, as causal factors, has been identified. AF may occur as a single disease or may be associated with other disorders. Traditionally, AF has been classified, on the basis of the presence of systemic involvement, in "acne fulminans" and acne fulminans "sine fulminans," when no systemic involvement is present. Recently, four clinical variants have been proposed: acne fulminans with systemic symptoms (AF-SS), acne fulminans without systemic symptoms (AF-WOSS), isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans with systemic symptoms (IIAF-SS), isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms (IIAF-WOSS). The diagnosis of AF is usually based on clinical history and physical examination. No specific laboratory abnormalities are generally found. In selected cases, biopsy and/or radiologic imaging are helpful for a correct diagnosis. The treatment significantly differs from severe acne according to severity of clinical presentation and possible systemic involvement. Currently, systemic corticosteroids (prednisolone) and retinoids (isotretinoin) represent the first choice of treatment. Dapsone, cyclosporine A, methotrexate, azathioprine, levamisole, and biological agents such as anakinra, infliximab, adalimumab may be considered as alternative therapies in selected cases. Adjunctive topical and physical therapies may also be considered.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Androgens; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthralgia; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Dermatologic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Isotretinoin; Lasers, Dye; Low-Level Light Therapy; Male; Photochemotherapy; Propionibacteriaceae; Retinoids; Symptom Assessment; Young Adult
PubMed: 33084268
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.20.06711-5 -
Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates.Journal of the European Academy of... Jun 2018While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne... (Review)
Review
While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne-associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne-associated phylotypes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29894579
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15043 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2022Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne vulgaris (acne) is the most common skin disease worldwide, that the bacterium (, formerly ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne, while at the same time being part of the skin flora, and that antibiotics are commonly recommended for acne treatment. The overuse of topical and/or systemic antibiotics, the long treatment courses used for acne, and the availability of over-the-counter antibiotic preparations, have led to the worldwide emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological trends of antimicrobial resistance in acne, the need to avoid the perturbation of the skin microbiome caused by anti-acne antibiotics, and the clinical practice considerations related to the emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In light of the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance, raising concerns over the misuse of antibiotics, prescribing patterns can be a critical target for antibiotic stewardship efforts. Also, the selection of non-antibiotic therapies for acne, whenever possible, may offer significant advantages.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36568833
DOI: No ID Found -
F1000Research 2018The skin commensal , recently renamed , along with the other major pathophysiological factors of increased seborrhea, hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous unit, and... (Review)
Review
The skin commensal , recently renamed , along with the other major pathophysiological factors of increased seborrhea, hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous unit, and inflammation, has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Recent advances have contributed to our understanding of the role of in acne. Although there are no quantitative differences in of the skin of patients with acne compared with controls, the phylogenic groups display distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics, biofilms are more frequent in acne, and different phylotypes may induce distinct immune responses in acne. plays a further important role in the homeostasis of the skin's microbiome, interacting with other cutaneous commensal or pathogenic microorganisms such as , , and species. In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the selection of acne treatment targeting and the prevention of antibiotic resistance play a key role in improving outcomes in acne patients and public health.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 30613388
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15659.1 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Sep 2013The human skin microbiome has important roles in skin health and disease. However, bacterial population structure and diversity at the strain level is poorly understood....
The human skin microbiome has important roles in skin health and disease. However, bacterial population structure and diversity at the strain level is poorly understood. We compared the skin microbiome at the strain level and genome level of Propionibacterium acnes, a dominant skin commensal, between 49 acne patients and 52 healthy individuals by sampling the pilosebaceous units on their noses. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that although the relative abundances of P. acnes were similar, the strain population structures were significantly different in the two cohorts. Certain strains were highly associated with acne, and other strains were enriched in healthy skin. By sequencing 66 previously unreported P. acnes strains and comparing 71 P. acnes genomes, we identified potential genetic determinants of various P. acnes strains in association with acne or health. Our analysis suggests that acquired DNA sequences and bacterial immune elements may have roles in determining virulence properties of P. acnes strains, and some could be future targets for therapeutic interventions. This study demonstrates a previously unreported paradigm of commensal strain populations that could explain the pathogenesis of human diseases. It underscores the importance of strain-level analysis of the human microbiome to define the role of commensals in health and disease.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Genomics; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal; Ribotyping; Sebaceous Glands; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 23337890
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.21 -
International Journal of Medical... 2021Bacteria response to their environment by producing some compounds which are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Some probiotics can regulate immune... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bacteria response to their environment by producing some compounds which are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Some probiotics can regulate immune response and modulate the symptoms of several diseases. Bacteria affect skin response to skin care products. Bacteria are thought to play an important role in acne incidence, skin moisture, and nutrient metabolism, but only a few studies have focused on the extracts of in skin care. In this study, we identified that GMNL6 enhanced collagen synthesis and the gene expression of serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit A. Meanwhile, GMNL6 reduced the melanin synthesis, the biofilm of , and the proliferation of Information from clinical observation during the ointment for external face use in people displayed that the syndromes of skin moisture, skin color, spots, wrinkles, UV spots, and porphyrins were improved. The diversification of human skin microbiomes was affected by smearing the face of volunteers with -GMNL6. Understanding the potential mechanisms of the action of -GMNL6 in dermatologic conditions promotes the development of care products.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biofilms; Cell Line, Tumor; Collagen; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lactobacillus plantarum; Male; Mice; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Ointments; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Skin Care; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 33526970
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51545 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2014Increasing evidence demonstrates that commensal microorganisms in the human skin microbiome help fight pathogens and maintain homeostasis of the microbiome. However, it...
Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome mediates fermentation to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes: implications of probiotics in acne vulgaris.
Increasing evidence demonstrates that commensal microorganisms in the human skin microbiome help fight pathogens and maintain homeostasis of the microbiome. However, it is unclear how these microorganisms maintain biological balance when one of them overgrows. The overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a commensal skin bacterium, has been associated with the progression of acne vulgaris. Our results demonstrate that skin microorganisms can mediate fermentation of glycerol, which is naturally produced in skin, to enhance their inhibitory effects on P. acnes growth. The skin microorganisms, most of which have been identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), in the microbiome of human fingerprints can ferment glycerol and create inhibition zones to repel a colony of overgrown P. acnes. Succinic acid, one of four short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) detected in fermented media by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, effectively inhibits the growth of P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. Both intralesional injection and topical application of succinic acid to P. acnes-induced lesions markedly suppress the P. acnes-induced inflammation in mice. We demonstrate for the first time that bacterial members in the skin microbiome can undergo fermentation to rein in the overgrowth of P. acnes. The concept of bacterial interference between P. acnes and S. epidermidis via fermentation can be applied to develop probiotics against acne vulgaris and other skin diseases. In addition, it will open up an entirely new area of study for the biological function of the skin microbiome in promoting human health.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; DNA, Bacterial; Fermentation; Glycerol; Humans; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Probiotics; Propionibacterium acnes; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Succinic Acid
PubMed: 24265031
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5394-8 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Nov 2022Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous gland attached to the hair follicles. is a major cause of inflammation caused by acne. It is well known that...
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous gland attached to the hair follicles. is a major cause of inflammation caused by acne. It is well known that secretes a lipolytic enzyme to break down lipids in sebum, and free fatty acids produced at this time accelerate the inflammatory reaction. There are several drugs used to treat acne; however, each one has various side effects. According to previous studies, sulforaphene (SFEN) has several functions associated with lipid metabolism, brain function, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we examined the effects of SFEN on bacterial growth and inflammatory cytokine production induced by . The results revealed that SFEN reduced the growth of and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in -treated HaCaT keratinocytes through inhibiting NF-κB-related pathways. In addition, SFEN regulated the expression level of IL-1α, a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in co-cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes induced by . In conclusion, SFEN showed antibacterial activity against and controlled the inflammatory response on keratinocytes and monocytes. This finding means that SFEN has potential as both a cosmetic material for acne prevention and a pharmaceutical material for acne treatment.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Inflammation; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36437519
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09051 -
Current Biology : CB Aug 2012
Topics: Brevibacterium; Cheese; Microbial Consortia; Odorants; Penicillium; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 22877773
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.014