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Frontiers in Immunology 2022The role of extracellular traps (ETs) in the innate immune response against pathogens is well established. ETs were first identified in neutrophils and have since been... (Review)
Review
The role of extracellular traps (ETs) in the innate immune response against pathogens is well established. ETs were first identified in neutrophils and have since been identified in several other immune cells. Although the mechanistic details are not yet fully understood, recent reports have described antigen-specific T cells producing T cell extracellular traps (TETs). Depending on their location within the cutaneous environment, TETs may be beneficial to the host by their ability to limit the spread of pathogens and provide protection against damage to body tissues, and promote early wound healing and degradation of inflammatory mediators, leading to the resolution of inflammatory responses within the skin. However, ETs have also been associated with worse disease outcomes. Here, we consider host-microbe ET interactions by highlighting how cutaneous T cell-derived ETs aid in orchestrating host immune responses against , a commensal skin bacterium that contributes to skin health, but is also associated with acne vulgaris and surgical infections following joint-replacement procedures. Insights on the role of the skin microbes in regulating T cell ET formation have broad implications not only in novel probiotic design for acne treatment, but also in the treatment for other chronic inflammatory skin disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Extracellular Traps; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 35795664
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900634 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Dec 2014Recent evidence suggests that acne vulgaris begins as an inflammation in and around the sebaceous gland and alterations in the lipid content of sebum, which drive... (Review)
Review
Recent evidence suggests that acne vulgaris begins as an inflammation in and around the sebaceous gland and alterations in the lipid content of sebum, which drive hyperproliferation and increased desquamation of keratinocytes within sebaceous follicles. This prevents sebum drainage, causing the formation of microcomedones, which spontaneously regress or become acne lesions when the pilosebaceous unit is further blocked by the accumulation of corneocytes. These conditions are favourable for the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, which further aggravates acne by enhancing abnormal desquamation, sebum production and inflammation. Also, skin fragility due to inflammation or irritation by anti-comedogenic agents can worsen the situation. Rhealba(®) Oat plantlet extract (Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique) soothes and restores fragile skin in acne by reducing inflammation and inhibits bacterial adhesion of Propionibacterium acnes. Cosmeceuticals combining Rhealba(®) Oat plantlet extract and hydro-compensating actives, which are available with or without anti-comedogenic hydroxy acids, provide a balanced, multifaceted approach for acne patients.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Avena; Bacterial Adhesion; Cosmetics; Humans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25428278
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12791 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is one of the most prevalent bacteria that forms the human skin microbiota. Specific phylotypes of C. acnes have been associated with the...
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is one of the most prevalent bacteria that forms the human skin microbiota. Specific phylotypes of C. acnes have been associated with the development of acne vulgaris, while other phylotypes have been linked to healthy skin. In this scenario, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the interkingdom communication role with the human host. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of EVs generated by various phylotypes of C. acnes on inflammation and sebum production using different in vitro skin cell types. The main findings of this study reveal that the proteomic profile of the cargo embodied in the EVs reflects distinct characteristics of the different C. acnes phylotypes in terms of life cycle, survival, and virulence. The in vitro skin cell types showed an extended pro-inflammatory modulation of SLST A1 EVs consistently triggering the activation of the inflammation-related factors IL-8, IL-6, TNFα and GM-CSF, in comparison to SLST H1 and SLST H2. Additionally, an acne-prone skin model utilizing PCi-SEB and arachidonic acid as a sebum inducer, was employed to investigate the impact of C. acnes EVs on sebum regulation. Our findings indicated that all three types of EVs significantly inhibited sebum production after a 24-h treatment period, with SLST H1 EVs exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect when compared to the positive control. The results of this study highlight the protective nature of C. acnes SLST H1 EVs and their potential use as a natural treatment option for alleviating symptoms associated with inflammation and oily skin.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Skin; Skin Diseases; Extracellular Vesicles; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Factor VIII; Inflammation
PubMed: 37749255
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43354-w -
Zhongguo Gu Shang = China Journal of... May 2017The mechanism of degenerative intervertebral disc is very complex, which may be associated with multiple factors such as the mechanical stress force injury of... (Review)
Review
The mechanism of degenerative intervertebral disc is very complex, which may be associated with multiple factors such as the mechanical stress force injury of intervertebral disc, nutritional deficiency, inflammatory stimulation, etc. Recently, many studies detected propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes) in degenerative intervertebral disc and supposed P. acnes was associated with degenerative intervertebral disc. Here, the papers related to P. acnes and degenerative intervertebral disc were reviewed. Further, we deduced the approach of P. acnes enterring into the intervertebral disc as well as the mechanism of P. acnes aggravating the disc degeneration. These may provide suggestions for treating degenerative intervertebral disc.
Topics: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29417784
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0034.2017.05.018 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform various biological functions, including those that are critical to microbes. Determination of EVs composition allows for a...
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform various biological functions, including those that are critical to microbes. Determination of EVs composition allows for a deep understanding of their role in the bacterial community and communication among them. , formerly , are commensal bacteria responsible for various infections, e.g., prosthesis, sarcoidosis, soft-tissue infections, and the most known but still controversial-acnes lesion. In , three major phylotypes represented variable disease associations. Herein, for the first time, we present a comparative analysis of EVs obtained from three phylotypes (IA1, IB, and II) to demonstrate the existence of differences in their protein and lipid composition. In the following work, the morphological analysis of EVs was performed, and the SDS-PAGE protein profile and the lipid profile were presented using the TLC and MALDI-TOF MS methods. This study allowed us to show major differences between the protein and lipid composition of EVs. This is a clear indication that EVs released by different phylotypes of the one species are not identical to each other in terms of composition and should be separately analyzed each time to obtain reliable results.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Extracellular Vesicles; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lipids; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35628607
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105797 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023The present study investigated the effect of topical application of (EPI-7) ferment filtrate, which is a postbiotic product of a novel on skin aging, by performing a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The present study investigated the effect of topical application of (EPI-7) ferment filtrate, which is a postbiotic product of a novel on skin aging, by performing a prospective randomized split-face clinical study on Asian woman participants. The investigators measured skin biophysical parameters, including skin barrier function, elasticity, and dermal density, and revealed that the application of the EPI-7 ferment filtrate-including test product resulted in significantly higher improvements in barrier function, skin elasticity, and dermal density compared to the placebo group. This study also investigated the influence of EPI-7 ferment filtrate on skin microbiome diversity to access its potential beneficial effects and safety. EPI-7 ferment filtrate increased the abundance of commensal microbes belonging to , , , , , , , , and . The abundance of was significantly increased along with significant changes in and abundance. Therefore, EPI-7 postbiotics, which contain the metabolite called orotic acid, ameliorate the skin microbiota linked with the aging phenotype of the skin. This study provides preliminary evidence that postbiotic therapy may affect the signs of skin aging and microbial diversity. To confirm the positive effect of EPI-7 postbiotics and microbial interaction, additional clinical investigations and functional analyses are required.
Topics: Humans; Skin Aging; Prospective Studies; Skin; Actinomycetales; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 36902064
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054634 -
The Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2019Cutibacterium acnes, long thought to be skin flora of pathological insignificance, has seen a surge in interest for its role in spine pathology. C acnes has been... (Review)
Review
Cutibacterium acnes, long thought to be skin flora of pathological insignificance, has seen a surge in interest for its role in spine pathology. C acnes has been identified as a pathogen in native spine infection and osteomyelitis, which has implications in the management compared with more commonly recognized pathogens. In addition, It has also been recognized as a pathogen in postoperative and implant-associated infections. Some evidence exists pointing to C acnes as an unrecognized source of otherwise aseptic pseudarthrosis. Recently, it is hypothesized that low virulent organisms, in particular C acnes, may play a role in degenerative disk disease and the development of Modic end plate changes found in MRI. To this end, controversial implications exist in terms of the use of antibiotics to treat certain patients in the setting of degenerative disk disease. C acnes continues to remain an expanding area of interest in spine pathology, with important implications for the treating spine surgeon.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orthopedic Procedures; Osteomyelitis; Propionibacteriaceae; Reoperation; Spondylitis; Virulence
PubMed: 30520801
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00698 -
JAMA Dermatology Aug 2017What is the evidence for antibiotic resistance in acne, and how does resistance affect treatment?
CLINICAL QUESTION
What is the evidence for antibiotic resistance in acne, and how does resistance affect treatment?
BOTTOM LINE
Use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne is associated with formation of resistance in Propionibacterium acnes and other bacteria, with clinical consequences. Guidelines recommend resistance reduction strategies including avoidance of antibiotic monotherapy, combination treatment with topical modalities, and limiting the duration of oral antibiotic use.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Propionibacterium acnes; Time Factors
PubMed: 28636689
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.1297 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2021Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical... (Review)
Review
Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical routes. Increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and a growing consumer preference for bio-based products have led to interest in fermentative production of propionic acid, but it is not yet competitive with chemical production. To improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of bio-propionic acid, fermentation performance in terms of concentration, yield, and productivity must be improved and the cost of raw materials must be reduced. These goals require robust microbial producers and inexpensive renewable feedstocks, so the present review focuses on bacterial producers of propionic acid and promising sources of substrates as carbon sources. Emphasis is placed on assessing the capacity of propionibacteria and the various approaches pursued in an effort to improve their performance through metabolic engineering. A wide range of substrates employed in propionic acid fermentation is analyzed with particular interest in the prospects of inexpensive renewable feedstocks, such as cellulosic biomass and industrial residues, to produce cost-competitive bio-propionic acid. KEY POINTS: • Fermentative propionic acid production emerges as competitor to chemical synthesis. • Various bacteria synthesize propionic acid, but propionibacteria are the best producers. • Biomass substrates hold promise to reduce propionic acid fermentation cost.
Topics: Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Propionates; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 34410439
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11499-1 -
Anaerobe Oct 2021In 2016, a new species name Cutibacterium acnes was coined for the well-documented species, Propionibacterium acnes, one of the most successful and clinically important... (Review)
Review
In 2016, a new species name Cutibacterium acnes was coined for the well-documented species, Propionibacterium acnes, one of the most successful and clinically important skin commensals. The nomenclatural changes were brought about through creation of the genus Cutibacterium, when a group of propionibacteria isolates from the skin were transferred from the genus Propionibacterium and placed in the phylum Actinobacteria. Almost simultaneously, the discovery of two novel species of Cutibacterium occurred and the proposal of three subspecies of C. acnes were reported. These dramatic changes that occurred in a long-established taxon made it challenging for the non-specialist to correlate the huge volume of hitherto published work with current findings. In this review, we aim to correlate the eco-specificity and pathophysiological properties of these newly circumscribed taxa. We envisage that this information will shed light on the pathogenic potential of new isolates and enable better assessment of their clinical importance in the foreseeable future. Currently, five species are recognized within the genus: Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium avidum, Cutibacterium granulosum, Cutibacterium modestum (previously, "Propionibacterium humerusii"), and Cutibacterium namnetense. These reside in different niches reflecting their uniqueness in their genetic makeup. Their pathogenicity includes acne inflammation, sarcoidosis, progressive macular hypomelanosis, prostate cancer, and infections (bone, lumbar disc, and heart). This is also the case for the three newly described subspecies of C. acnes, which are C. acnes subspecies acnes (C. acnes type I), subspecies defendens (C. acnes type II), and subspecies elongatum (C. acnes type III). C. acnes subspecies acnes is related to inflamed acne and sarcoidosis, while subspecies defendens to prostate cancer and subspecies elongatum to progressive macular hypomelanosis. Because the current nomenclature is based upon polyphasic analyses of the biochemical and pathogenic characteristics and comparative genomics, it provides a sound basis studying the pathophysiological roles of these species.
Topics: Animals; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Virulence
PubMed: 34265438
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102411