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Experimental Dermatology Jun 2022Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an organism implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Despite regular immersion in antimicrobial chlorine, adolescent swimmers suffer...
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an organism implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Despite regular immersion in antimicrobial chlorine, adolescent swimmers suffer from acne and tend to be resistant to standard therapies. Given the presence of Pseudomonas within swimming facilities, we hypothesized that "swimmer acne" is potentially driven by a different microbial mechanism. In this study, we aimed to examine the microbial dynamics of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, a family of gram-negative bacteria (includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa), in swimmers and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of acne in this population. Using fluorescence photography that measures the Coproporphyrin III (CPIII), we quantitated an absolute abundance of C. acnes present on the face of each participant pre- and post-swimming. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to assess relative abundance of the skin microbiota on each participant pre- and post-swimming. 16 swimmers (8 girls and 8 boys) completed the study. Seven had acne on the face. The CPIII fluorescence levels decreased for all swimmers after 1 h of swimming (p-value <0.001). In contrast, the relative abundance of C. acnes remained unchanged, while that of Pseudomonadaceae increased after swimming (p-value =0.027). Comparing the relative abundances of Pseudomonadaceae before swimming, there was a significant increase in variance from the mean in acne group as compared to no acne group (p-value <0.001). Taken together, we conclude that the skin dysbiosis resulting from repeated decolonization and colonization of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, respectively, can potentially be associated with the pathogenesis of acne in swimmers.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin
PubMed: 35118730
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14535 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Feb 2022Tailored skin microbiome modulation approaches with probiotics are highly challenging. Here, we show that lactobacilli are underestimated members of the skin microbiota....
Tailored skin microbiome modulation approaches with probiotics are highly challenging. Here, we show that lactobacilli are underestimated members of the skin microbiota. We select specific strains of nomadic lactobacilli for their functional applicability on the skin and capacity to inhibit growth and inflammation by skin pathobionts. The strains are formulated as microcapsules for topical formulations and tested in patients with mild-to-moderate acne. The selected lactobacilli are able to reduce inflammatory lesions in a pilot and placebo-controlled study. Daily application for 8 weeks is associated with an temporary modulation of the microbiome, including a reduction in relative abundance of staphylococci and , and an increase in lactobacilli. The reduction in inflammatory lesions is still apparent 4 weeks after the topical application of the lactobacilli ended, indicating a possible additional immunomodulatory effect. This study shows that carefully selected and formulated lactobacilli are a viable therapeutic option for common acne lesions.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Inflammation; Lactobacillus; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 35243421
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100521 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes is a major inhabitant of human skin and has been implicated in acne vulgaris formation and in the formation of...
The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes is a major inhabitant of human skin and has been implicated in acne vulgaris formation and in the formation of multispecies biofilms with other skin-inhabiting organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Indoles are widespread in nature (even in human skin) and function as important signaling molecules in diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 20 indoles against . Of the indoles tested, indole-3-carbinol at 0.1 mM significantly inhibited biofilm formation by without affecting planktonic cell growth, and the anticancer drug 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) at 0.1 mM (32 μg/mL) also significantly inhibited planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation by , whereas the other indoles and indole itself were less effective. Also, DIM at 0.1 mM successfully inhibited multispecies biofilm formation by , S. aureus, and C. albicans. Transcriptional analyses showed that DIM inhibited the expressions of several biofilm-related genes in , and at 0.05 mM, DIM inhibited hyphal formation and cell aggregation by C. albicans. These results suggest that DIM and other indoles inhibit biofilm formation by and have potential use for treating associated diseases. Since indoles are widespread in nature (even in human skin), we hypothesized that indole and its derivatives might control biofilm formation of acne-causing bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal Candida albicans. The present study reports for the first time the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of several indoles on . Of the indoles tested, two anticancer agents, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane found in cruciferous vegetables, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by . Furthermore, the most active 3,3'-diindolylmethane successfully inhibited multispecies biofilm formation by , S. aureus, and C. albicans. Transcriptional analyses showed that 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibited the expressions of several biofilm-related genes including lipase, hyaluronate lyase, and virulence-related genes in , and 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibited hyphal formation and cell aggregation by C. albicans. Our findings show that 3,3'-diindolylmethane offers a potential means of controlling acne vulgaris and multispecies biofilm-associated infections due to its antibiofilm and antibiotic properties.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Humans; Indoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; Staphylococcus aureus; Virulence
PubMed: 35107361
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02056-21 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2021Sick building symptoms (SBS) are defined as non-specific symptoms related to indoor exposures, including mucosal symptoms in eye, nose, throat, and skin, and general...
Classroom microbiome, functional pathways and sick-building syndrome (SBS) in urban and rural schools - Potential roles of indoor microbial amino acids and vitamin metabolites.
Sick building symptoms (SBS) are defined as non-specific symptoms related to indoor exposures, including mucosal symptoms in eye, nose, throat, and skin, and general symptoms as headache and tiredness. Indoor microbial composition is associated with SBS symptoms, but the impact of microbial functional genes and potential metabolic products has not been characterized. We conducted a shotgun microbial metagenomic sequencing for vacuum dust collected in urban and rural schools in Shanxi province, China. SBS symptoms in students were surveyed, and microbial taxa and functional pathways related to the symptoms were identified using a multi-level linear regression model. SBS symptoms were common in students, and the prevalence of ocular and throat symptoms, headache, and tiredness was higher in urban than in rural areas (p < 0.05). A significant higher microbial α-diversity was found in rural areas than in urban areas (Chao1, p = 0.001; ACE, p = 0.002). Also, significant variation in microbial taxonomic and functional composition (β-diversity) was observed between urban and rural areas (p < 0.005). Five potential risk Actinobacteria species were associated with SBS symptoms (p < 0.01); students in the classrooms with a higher abundance of an unclassified Geodermatophilaceae, Geodermatophilus, Fridmanniella luteola, Microlunatus phosphovorus and Mycetocola reported more nasal and throat symptoms and tiredness. Students with a higher abundance of an unclassified flavobacteriaceae reported fewer throat symptoms and tiredness. The abundance of microbial metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of B vitamins (biotin and folate), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and peptidoglycan and were protectively (negatively) associated with SBS symptoms (FDR < 0.05). The result is consistent with human microbiota studies, which reported that these microbial products are extensively involved in immunological processes and anti-inflammatory effects. This is the first study to report the functional potential of the indoor microbiome and the occurrence of SBS, providing new insights into the potential etiologic mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Amino Acids; Asthma; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacteriaceae; Schools; Sick Building Syndrome; Vitamins
PubMed: 34328924
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148879 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Sep 2021Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is an umbrella term for a group of bacteria with the ability to produce propionic acid. In the past, due to this common feature and other... (Review)
Review
Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is an umbrella term for a group of bacteria with the ability to produce propionic acid. In the past, due to this common feature and other phenotypic similarities, genetically heterogeneous bacteria were considered as a single genus, Propionibacterium. Members of this genus ranged from "dairy propionibacteria," which are widely known for their role in eye and flavor formation in cheese production, to "cutaneous propionibacteria," which are primarily associated with human skin. In 2016, the introduction of two new genera based on genotypic data facilitated a clear separation of cutaneous (Cutibacterium spp.) from dairy PAB (Propionibacterium spp., Acidipropionibacterium spp.). In light of these taxonomic changes, but with particular emphasis on dairy PAB, this review describes the current state of knowledge about metabolic pathways and other characteristics such as antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. In addition, the relevance of dairy PAB for the food industry and cheese production in particular is highlighted. Furthermore, methods for cultivation, detection, and enumeration are reviewed, incorporating the current taxonomy as well as the potential for routine applications.
Topics: Cheese; Food Industry; Humans; Propionates; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 34355493
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12804 -
Future Microbiology Sep 2019Sarecycline is a novel, narrow-spectrum, once-daily tetracycline-derived oral antibiotic that is FDA-approved in the US to be taken with or without food for... (Review)
Review
Sarecycline is a novel, narrow-spectrum, once-daily tetracycline-derived oral antibiotic that is FDA-approved in the US to be taken with or without food for moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris for ages 9 years of age and older. Sarecycline possesses anti-inflammatory properties and potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including activity against multiple strains of , while exhibiting minimal activity against enteric aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike many acne studies, sarecycline was investigated for chest and back acne. Significant reduction in inflammatory lesions was seen at week 12 at 1.5 mg/kg/day of sarecycline, with statistically significant improvement seen as early as week 3. No reports of phototoxicity, dizziness, pseudotumor cerebri or lupus but 1.2% nausea and 1.2% vaginal candidiasis was reported in the pivotal Phase III studies.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacteriaceae; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 31475868
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0199 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2019Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Older adults retain more teeth than did earlier generations and thus are at high risk of root...
OBJECTIVE
Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Older adults retain more teeth than did earlier generations and thus are at high risk of root caries. The root surface is covered by cementum, which facilitates the spread of caries lesions into dentinal tissues. Propionibacterium acidifaciens has been detected in dentinal caries lesions; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of cariogenic P. acidifaciens.
METHODS
Saliva-induced aggregation of P. acidifaciens cells and adherence of the organism to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite were examined. Coaggregation of P. acidifaciens with other bacterial cells and binding of the organism to collagen were examined. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was also examined. In addition, the effects of acids on the growth of P. acidifaciens were evaluated.
RESULTS
P. acidifaciens exhibited strong binding to collagen but weak or moderate interaction with salivary proteins. P. acidifaciens showed weak coaggregation with streptococcal strains and Fusobacerium nucleatum. Biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was inhibited by S. mutans. Moreover, P. acidifaciens tolerated to self-produced acids up to threshold concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that P. acidifaciens can bind to and survive inside dentinal tissue, and its acid production at low pH condition is involved in the development of dentinal caries.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Propionibacterium; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 31254840
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.06.005 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%)...
Effect of combining Zingiber officinale and Juglans regia extracts on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: antibiofilm action and low toxicity.
Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%) applied on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as analyzing the cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on mouse macrophages (Raw 264-7). Broth microdilution assay was performed (M7-A6 - CLSI). Anti-biofilm activities and cytotoxicity on Raw 264-7 were studied using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD applied for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis with Conover-Iman test, for non-parametric (p<0.05). On P. acnes biofilm, Z50% + J50% reduced 46.9% in 5 min and Z25% + J75% reduced 74.1% in 24hs. On S. aureus, Z75% + J25% reduced 23.1% in 5 min Z25% +J75% reduced 79.4% in 24hs. On S. epidermidis, Z75% + J25% reduced 74.6% in 5 min and 82.05% in 24 h. The treatments on macrophages for 24 h promoted a maximum reduction by 14,5% for groups of extracts associations. On multispecies biofilm, Z75%+J25% reduced 84.3% in 24 h. In conclusion association of glycolic extracts provided therapeutic effect, demonstrated antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Propionibacterium acnes; Zingiber officinale; Juglans; Staphylococcal Infections; Biofilms
PubMed: 36449895
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201133 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2017Actinobacteria usually produce different functional compounds for various applications.
BACKGROUND
Actinobacteria usually produce different functional compounds for various applications.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this research was to develop actinobacterial resources through the isolation and identification of soil bacteria with antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities for cosmetics application.
METHODS
Soil bacteria were isolated and tested for antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis using the spotting method. Isolates exhibiting antibacterial activities were assayed for tyrosinase inhibition, elastase inhibition, and free radical scavenging activity.
RESULTS
Twelve actinobacterial strains were found to inhibit the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Among them, ten were from the genus Streptomyces and the other two were from the genera Actinokineospora and Calidifontibacter, and potentially represented novel species. For tyrosinase inhibition activities, when compared with arbutin (IC =47.84±0.36 μg mL ), strain T65 had similar activity with an IC value of 49.05±3.29 μg mL . For elastase inhibition, strains T65, T811, and R311 had similar activities with IC values of 10.78±1.88 μg mL , 10.19±0.82 μg mL , and 10.19±2.1 μg mL , respectively, which had similar inhibitory activity to the IC value of the standard oleanolic acid (8.94±1.38 μg mL ). For DPPH radical scavenging activities, two strains, R311 and T327, with IC values of 6.11±1.17 μg mL and 5.25±0.93 μg mL , respectively, had slightly lower activities than ascorbic acid (IC =4.08±0.03 μg mL ).
CONCLUSION
Among twelve strains of actinobacteria, the most effective strains were selected for the inhibition of both P. acnes and S. epidermidis as well as for enzyme activities. Actinobacterial strains isolated in this study could be used to produce active metabolites for cosmetics applications.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Cosmetics; Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 28097821
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12304 -
MSphere May 2024are part of the human skin microbiota and are opportunistic microorganisms that become pathogenic in immunodeficient states. These lipophilic bacteria willingly inhabit...
UNLABELLED
are part of the human skin microbiota and are opportunistic microorganisms that become pathogenic in immunodeficient states. These lipophilic bacteria willingly inhabit areas of the skin where sebaceous glands are abundant; hence, there is a need to thoroughly understand their metabolism. Lipids are no longer considered only structural elements but also serve as signaling molecules and may have antigenic properties. Lipidomics remains a major research challenge, mainly due to the diverse physicochemical properties of lipids. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a large comparative lipidomic analysis of eight representatives of the genus, including four phylotypes of and two strains of , , and . Lipidomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in both positive and negative ion modes, allowing the detection of the widest range of metabolites. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS) corroborated the lipidomic data. As a result, 128 lipids were identified, among which it was possible to select marker compounds, some of which were characteristic even of individual phylotypes. These include phosphatidylcholine PC 30:0, sphingomyelins (SM 33:1, SM 35:1), and phosphatidylglycerol with an alkyl ether substituent PG O-32:0. Moreover, cardiolipins and fatty acid amides were identified in spp. for the first time. This comparative characterization of the cutibacterial lipidome with the search for specific molecular markers reveals its diagnostic potential for clinical microbiology.
IMPORTANCE
(previously ) represents an important part of the human skin microbiota, and its role in clinical microbiology is growing due to opportunistic infections. Lipidomics, apart from protein profiling, has the potential to prove to be a useful tool for defining the cellular fingerprint, allowing for precise differentiation of microorganisms. In this work, we presented a comparative analysis of lipids found in eight strains of the genus , including a few phylotypes. Our results are one of the first large-scale comprehensive studies regarding the bacterial lipidome, which also enabled the selection of phylotype-specific lipid markers. The increased role of lipids not only as structural components but also as diagnostic markers or potential antigens has led to new lipid markers that can be used as diagnostic tools for clinical microbiology. We believe that the findings in our paper will appeal to a wide range of researchers.
Topics: Lipidomics; Humans; Propionibacteriaceae; Chromatography, Liquid; Lipids; Skin; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Fatty Acids; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38712970
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00054-24