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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2015Propionibacteria are actinobacteria consisting of two principal groups: cutaneous and dairy. Cutaneous propionibacteria are considered primary pathogens to humans,... (Review)
Review
Propionibacteria are actinobacteria consisting of two principal groups: cutaneous and dairy. Cutaneous propionibacteria are considered primary pathogens to humans, whereas dairy propionibacteria are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Increasing attention has been focused on improving the performance of dairy propionibacteria for the production of industrially important chemicals, and significant advances have been made through strain engineering and process optimization in the production of flavor compounds, nutraceuticals, and antimicrobial compounds. In addition, genome sequencing of several propionibacteria species has been completed, deepening understanding of the metabolic and physiological features of these organisms. However, the metabolic engineering of propionibacteria still faces several challenges owing to the lack of efficient genome manipulation tools and the existence of various types of strong restriction-modification systems. The emergence of systems and synthetic biology provides new opportunities to overcome these bottlenecks. In this review, we first introduce the major species of propionibacteria and their properties and provide an overview of their functions and applications. We then discuss advances in the genome sequencing and metabolic engineering of these bacteria. Finally, we discuss systems and synthetic biology approaches for engineering propionibacteria as efficient and robust cell factories for the production of industrially important chemicals.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteriocins; DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes; Dietary Supplements; Food Additives; Food Microbiology; Genome, Bacterial; Industrial Microbiology; Metabolic Engineering; Propionates; Propionibacterium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 25431012
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6228-z -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2020A Gram-stain positive, asporogenous, aerobic, white -coloured bacterium, designated 18JY15-6, was isolated from soil from Jeju Island, Korea. Pairwise analysis of the...
A Gram-stain positive, asporogenous, aerobic, white -coloured bacterium, designated 18JY15-6, was isolated from soil from Jeju Island, Korea. Pairwise analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 18JY15-6 indicated high similarity to Nocardioides phosphati DSM 104026 (97.4%), Marmoricola terrae KACC 17308 (96.7%) and Nocardioides jensenii KCTC 0074BP (96.6%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain 18JY15-6 formed a distinct lineage within the family Nocardioidaceae and is closely related to members of the genus Nocardioides. Genome sequencing of strain 18JY15-6 revealed 3221 total genes, including 3162 protein coding genes, 59 RNA and 31 pseudogenes. Growth was observed at 18-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) in R2A medium at pH 7.0. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 18JY15-6 were identified as C, Cω9c, C 10-methyl, tuberculostearic and C. The fatty acid profile of strain 18JY15-6 was more dissimilar when compared with M. terrae. The only respiratory quinone present was found to be MK-8(H). The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The results of phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterisation allow the differentiation of strain 18JY15-6 from N. phosphati WYH11-7, M. terrae JOS5-1 and N. jensenii NBRC 14755 which supports the conclusion that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides jejuensis sp. nov. The type strain of Nocardioides jejuensis is 18JY15-6 (= KCTC 49105 = JCM 33182).
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil Microbiology; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31637662
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01343-y -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Sep 2021Skin is the first line of defense against harmful external environmental factors. Skin flora living on the skin surface impact skin health and skin disease. Bacteria,...
BACKGROUND
Skin is the first line of defense against harmful external environmental factors. Skin flora living on the skin surface impact skin health and skin disease. Bacteria, form part of the unique and complex skin micro-ecological system. For example, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a member of the anaerobic organisms and is involved in the induction of skin acne. It produces porphyrins that absorb ultraviolet light and emit red fluorescence in response. As a result, fluorescence surveillance of the skin can be important in both the diagnosis of skin acne and the evaluation of therapeutic effects. Many different measurement methods for single skin biophysical properties have been reported.. This study focused on the age-dependent changes in porphyrins for normal skin, and developed a novel algorithm to evaluate porphyrins using the fluorescence images by image processing quantitatively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extraction algorithm was proposed for the segmentation of porphyrin fluorescence images in OpenCV. The algorithm consisted primarily of preprocessing, conversion from RGB color space to HSV color space, and classification of fluorescence. There are 3595 healthy Japanese aged 16-85 years enrolled in the study and fluorescence images were acquired from their cheek sites under 375 nm UV-LED excitation. Age-related fluorescence variation was conducted applying the algorithm implemented.
RESULTS
A new extraction algorithm has been proposed with fluorescence image input and three indexes output, including the number of fluorescence, area of fluorescence, and mean intensity of fluorescence. Proposed algorithm was verified by three parameters, the accuracy, sensitivity, and precision, which refer to the ability of algorithm to detect the number of fluorescence correctly and repeatedly. The verification results were 71%, 72%, and 88% respectively, taking a validly fundamental step for skin health record and analysis. Furthermore, large-scale fluorescence image segmentation results revealed that similar trends were coming out for all three indexes in cheek as people get older. All the fluorescence number, area and mean intensity arrived at the highest at 30 years old and fell off since then.
CONCLUSION
The number, area, and fluorescence intensity of porphyrins can be extracted well from fluorescence images with the proposed algorithm in the study, which has the potential to aid in thediagnosis of skin acne and predict skin conditions as an assisted tool. It is implicated that fluorescence status is influenced by age, which rises to the peak around 30 years old for normal cheek's skin.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photography; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34129959
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102388 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Nov 2022Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long-term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use.
OBJECTIVE
Collagen was selected to co-ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP-32/CP-9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti-inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4-week clinical study.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An anti-P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell-based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)-33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded.
RESULTS
The postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL-33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin.
CONCLUSION
These postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzoyl Peroxide; Dermatologic Agents; Cosmetics; Cytokines; Collagen; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35818134
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15228 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Jan 2021
Topics: Bacteremia; Humans; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 32517892
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.05.003 -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Jun 2019Propionibacterium acnes, now Cutibacterium acnes, is found on skin and subcutaneous tissue and is thus hard to eradicate. Infection can result in shoulder pain but be...
Propionibacterium acnes, now Cutibacterium acnes, is found on skin and subcutaneous tissue and is thus hard to eradicate. Infection can result in shoulder pain but be indolent and hard to diagnose; in addition, the organism is difficult to identify requiring long-hold cultures. Despite skin preparation, and second preparation before conversion of arthroscopy to mini-open surgery, we do not yet have a way to effectively eradicate C acnes from deeper dermal layers.
Topics: Bankart Lesions; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 31159961
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.01.043 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Jun 2021Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal, gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacillus that resides in the dermis. Historically thought to be a contaminant when identified... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal, gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacillus that resides in the dermis. Historically thought to be a contaminant when identified on cultured specimens, recent advances in diagnostic technology have now implicated it as the most common organism responsible for postoperative shoulder infections. Despite a recognition of the role of this organism and a significant research interest in recent years, there is clear lack of consensus guideline on strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat postoperative shoulder infection.
METHOD
The electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in March 2020. All experimental and nonexperimental studies that investigate C acnes in shoulder surgery were included. Inclusion was limited to articles published after 2000 and written in English; reviews, gray literature, or abstracts were excluded. A total of 70 studies were included in this review. This scoping review was performed in accordance with the Extended Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).
RESULTS
Standard surgical prophylactic regimens such as intravenous antibiotics and topical chlorhexidine are ineffective at removing C acnes from the deep layer of the dermis, and there is a shift toward using topical benzoyl peroxide with significantly improved efficacy. An improved understanding of the bacteria has demonstrated that a prolonged culture time of up to 14 days is needed, especially in cases of established infection. Advances in diagnostics such as sonication and molecular-based testing are promising. Although usually thought to be susceptible to a broad range of antibiotics, resistance is emerging to clindamycin. An improved understanding of its ability to form a biofilm highlights the difficulty in treating an established infection.
CONCLUSION
The role of C acnes causing postoperative infection following shoulder surgery is being increasingly recognized. Strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have been outlined from both an antimicrobial and surgical perspective. A number of these strategies are emerging and require further research to demonstrate efficacy before implementation into clinical guidelines.
Topics: Benzoyl Peroxide; Clindamycin; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 33373684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.011 -
Microbiome Nov 2018Even though human sweat is odorless, bacterial growth and decomposition of specific odor precursors in it is believed to give rise to body odor in humans. While...
BACKGROUND
Even though human sweat is odorless, bacterial growth and decomposition of specific odor precursors in it is believed to give rise to body odor in humans. While mechanisms of odor generation have been widely studied in adults, little is known for teenagers and pre-pubescent children who have distinct sweat composition from immature apocrine and sebaceous glands, but are arguably more susceptible to the social and psychological impact of malodor.
RESULTS
We integrated information from whole microbiome analysis of multiple skin sites (underarm, neck, and head) and multiple time points (1 h and 8 h after bath), analyzing 180 samples in total to perform the largest metagenome-wide association study to date on malodor. Significant positive correlations were observed between odor intensity and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium avidum, as well as negative correlation with Acinetobacter schindleri and Cutibacterium species. Metabolic pathway analysis highlighted the association of isovaleric and acetic acid production (sour odor) from enriched S. epidermidis (teen underarm) and S. hominis (child neck) enzymes and sulfur production from Staphylococcus species (teen underarm) with odor intensity, in good agreement with observed odor characteristics in pre-pubescent children and teenagers. Experiments with cultures on human and artificial sweat confirmed the ability of S. hominis and S. epidermidis to independently produce malodor with distinct odor characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showcase the power of skin metagenomics to study host-microbial co-metabolic interactions, identifying distinct pathways for odor generation from sweat in pre-pubescent children and teenagers and highlighting key enzymatic targets for intervention.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acinetobacter; Adolescent; Axilla; Bacteria; Child; Female; Head; Hemiterpenes; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Neck; Odorants; Pentanoic Acids; Propionibacteriaceae; Puberty; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus hominis; Sulfur; Sweat
PubMed: 30497517
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0588-z -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nov 2021Acne is a common skin disorder that involves an infection inside the hair follicle, which is usually treated with antibiotics, resulting in unbalanced skin microbiota...
BACKGROUND
Acne is a common skin disorder that involves an infection inside the hair follicle, which is usually treated with antibiotics, resulting in unbalanced skin microbiota and microbial resistance. For this reason, we developed polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating thymol, a natural active compound with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this work, optimization physicochemical characterization, biopharmaceutical behavior and therapeutic efficacy of this novel nanostructured system were assessed.
RESULTS
Thymol NPs (TH-NP) resulted on suitable average particle size below 200 nm with a surface charge around - 28 mV and high encapsulation efficiency (80%). TH-NP released TH in a sustained manner and provide a slow-rate penetration into the hair follicle, being highly retained inside the skin. TH-NP possess a potent antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and minor effect towards Staphylococcus epidermis, the major resident of the healthy skin microbiota. Additionally, the stability and sterility of developed NPs were maintained along storage.
CONCLUSION
TH-NP showed a promising and efficient alternative for the treatment of skin acne infection, avoiding antibiotic administration, reducing side effects, and preventing microbial drug resistance, without altering the healthy skin microbiota. Additionally, TH-NP enhanced TH antioxidant activity, constituting a natural, preservative-free, approach for acne treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Particle Size; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Thymol
PubMed: 34749747
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01092-z -
Environmental Science & Technology Dec 2022NO emission is often encountered during biodenitrification. In this paper, a new approach of using microorganisms to promote substrate uptake and metabolism to reduce...
NO emission is often encountered during biodenitrification. In this paper, a new approach of using microorganisms to promote substrate uptake and metabolism to reduce denitrification intermediate accumulation was reported. With the introduction of to a biodenitrification system, NO and nitrite accumulation was, respectively, decreased by 74 and 60% and the denitrification efficiency was increased by 150% at the time of 24 h with /groundwater denitrifier of 1/5 (OD). Propionate, produced by , only accelerated nitrate removal and was not the main reason for the decreased intermediate accumulation. The proteomic and enzyme analyses revealed that stimulated biofilm formation by upregulating proteins involved in porin forming, putrescine biosynthesis, spermidine/putrescine transport, and quorum sensing and upregulated transport proteins, which facilitated the uptake of the carbon source, nitrate, and Fe and Mo (the required catalytic sites of denitrification enzymes). Further investigation revealed that activated the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway in the denitrifier and promoted it to synthesize heme/heme d1, the groups of denitrification enzymes and electron transfer proteins, which upregulated the expression of denitrifying enzyme proteins and enhanced the ratio of NosZ to NorB, resulting in the increase of generation, transfer, and consumption of electrons in biodenitrification. Therefore, a significant reduction in the denitrification intermediate accumulation and an improvement in the denitrification efficiency were observed.
Topics: Denitrification; Nitrates; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Putrescine; Proteomics; Nitrous Oxide
PubMed: 36366772
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05674