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American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Mar 2021Oral antibiotics are integral for treating inflammatory acne based on what is understood about the pathogenesis as well as the role of Cutibacterium acnes. However,... (Review)
Review
Oral antibiotics are integral for treating inflammatory acne based on what is understood about the pathogenesis as well as the role of Cutibacterium acnes. However, rising concerns of antibiotic resistance and the perception of "antibiotic phobia" create potential limitations on their integration in an acne treatment regimen. When prescribing oral antibiotics, dermatologists need to consider dosage, duration, and frequency, and to avoid their use as monotherapy. These considerations are important, along with the use of newer strategies and compounds, to reduce adverse-event profiles, antibiotic resistance, and to optimize outcomes. Aside from concomitant medications, allergies, and disease severity, costs and patient demographics can influence variability in prescribing plans. There are multiple published guidelines and consensus statements for the USA and Europe to promote safe antibiotic use by dermatologists. However, there is a lack of head-to-head studies and evidence for comparative superiority of any individual antibiotic, as well as any evidence to support the use of agents other than tetracyclines. Although oral antibiotics are one of the main options for moderate to severe acne, non-antibiotic therapy such as isotretinoin and hormonal therapies should be considered. As newer therapies and more outcomes data emerge, so will improved management of antibiotic therapy to foster patient safety.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Dermatology; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Isotretinoin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Propionibacterium acnes; Spironolactone; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32918267
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00560-w -
Clinics in Dermatology 2017The human commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) resides in the pilosebaceous duct of the skin. It has been long implicated in the pathogenesis of acne,...
The human commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) resides in the pilosebaceous duct of the skin. It has been long implicated in the pathogenesis of acne, although its exact role in the development of inflammatory acne lesions and in the formation of the microcomedo in the early stages of acne remains controversial. The worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes is increasing, with rates varying in different parts of the world. The reason for the difference in the antibiotic resistance patterns of P. acnes among different countries is not clear, although it may be attributed to different antibiotic prescribing habits, concomitant use of topical agents (retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or other antibiotics), varying methods of bacterial sampling, or even different P. acnes populations. Although the relative abundances of P. acnes may be similar among patients with acne and individuals without acne, P. acnes populations and the presence of P. acnes biofilms differ, with different potential virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Implications of the use of antibiotics and of antimicrobial resistance in patients with acne include the decreased efficacy of antibiotic treatments for acne, and the possible emergence of other resistant bacterial species via selective pressure by antibiotic use.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 28274353
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.008 -
The British Journal of Dermatology 2015Propionibacterium acnes is a major commensal of the human skin. However, it is also the pathogen responsible for acne vulgaris and other diseases, such as medical-device... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Propionibacterium acnes is a major commensal of the human skin. However, it is also the pathogen responsible for acne vulgaris and other diseases, such as medical-device infections. Strains of Propionibacterium acnes have long been classified into several different types. Recently, typing systems for this bacterium have taken on an increased importance as different types of P. acnes have been found to be associated with different disease states, including acne. Genetic approaches based on individual or multiple genes have classified P. acnes into types, which have been supported by the sequencing of nearly 100 P. acnes genomes. These types have distinct genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic differences. Additionally, they may have different immune response profiles. Taken together, these factors may account for the different disease associations of P. acnes types.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Child; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteomics; Young Adult
PubMed: 25600912
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13667 -
Bulletin of the Hospital For Joint... Dec 2015The microbiome of the shoulder demonstrates distinctive differences to other orthopaedic surgical sites. Recent studies have demonstrated that the most common organisms... (Review)
Review
The microbiome of the shoulder demonstrates distinctive differences to other orthopaedic surgical sites. Recent studies have demonstrated that the most common organisms found in deep shoulder infections are coagulase-negative staph lococcal species and Propionibacterium acnes . Many studies support diligent hand washing, decreasing operative time, routine glove changing, minimizing operating room traffic, and covering instruments as means for decreasing the risk of deep infection. On the other hand, hair clipping and the use of adhesive drapes may have little effect on decreasing the incidence of deep infection. Although generally considered the most efficacious skin preparation solution, chlorhexidine gluconate has minimal effect on eradication of P. acnes from the surgical site; however, the addition of preoperative topical applications of benzoyl peroxide to standard surgical preparation has shown promise in decreasing the rate of P . acnes culture positivity. Additionally, the use of local antibiotic formulations seems to be an effective means of preventing deep infection.
Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infection Control; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Risk Factors; Shoulder Pain; Skin; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26631211
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Dermatological Research Apr 2018Acne is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Although several factors are involved in its pathophysiology, this process is not completely understood.... (Review)
Review
Acne is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Although several factors are involved in its pathophysiology, this process is not completely understood. Androgen hormone activity increases sebum production inside the pilosebaceous follicle, adjusting the environment for the development of Propionibacterium acnes which triggers inflammation. Knowing how others factors such as the skin barrier and microbiome are involved in acne, can help in understanding more about the disease and may help to conduct a better treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 29147769
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1795-3 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2020Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is part of the normal flora of human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract and external ear canal. However, breach in the mucosa as well... (Review)
Review
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is part of the normal flora of human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract and external ear canal. However, breach in the mucosa as well as ruptured annulus fibrosus provide favorable pathway for P. acnes to nucleus pulposus where it can proliferate under anaerobic condition. In past two decades many authors have identified P. acnes in routine culture of discs. There studies showed that almost 50% of discs cultured were positive for various organism, and in vast majority of culture positive disc, P. acnes was the primary organism isolated. However, there are few studies that refute the hypothesis that P. acnes has a role in pathogenesis of Modic type 1 changes. Identification of P. acnes in culture indicates the infective patho-mechanism in the pathogenesis of Modic type 1 changes, which may be ameable to antibiotic treatment. However, it is still difficult to identify which subset of these patients (patients with low back pain with type 1 Modic change) are infective in nature. Further investigation and more clinical trails will be required for clear identification of the infective subgroup among low back patient in general. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 21-26, February, 2020.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 32378611
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.21 -
International Ophthalmology Clinics Apr 2022
Topics: Cataract Extraction; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35325916
DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000413 -
JCI Insight Mar 2019Genomic studies revealed the existence of health- and acne-associated P. acnes strains and suggested novel approaches for broadening understanding of acne vulgaris....
Genomic studies revealed the existence of health- and acne-associated P. acnes strains and suggested novel approaches for broadening understanding of acne vulgaris. However, clinical association of P. acnes with disease or health has yet to be corroborated experimentally. Current animal models of acne do not closely mimic human disease and have unclear translational value. We have developed a murine model of acne by combining P. acnes inoculation with topical application of a synthetic human sebum. We showed that human sebum promoted persistence of intradermally injected P. acnes with little loss of viability after 1 week and permitted use of more physiologic inoculums. Application of acne-associated P. acnes RT4/5 strains led to development of moderate to severe skin pathology compared with application of health-associated type II P. acnes strains (RT2/6). RT4/5 P. acnes strains uniformly induced higher levels of KC (IL-8), IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in vitro and in vivo compared with type II P. acnes strains. Overall, our data provide immunopathologic corroboration of health and disease association of clinical P. acnes strains and inform on a platform to query putative virulence factors uncovered by genomic studies.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30843879
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124687 -
Zhongguo Gu Shang = China Journal of... May 2017The mechanism of degenerative intervertebral disc is very complex, which may be associated with multiple factors such as the mechanical stress force injury of... (Review)
Review
The mechanism of degenerative intervertebral disc is very complex, which may be associated with multiple factors such as the mechanical stress force injury of intervertebral disc, nutritional deficiency, inflammatory stimulation, etc. Recently, many studies detected propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes) in degenerative intervertebral disc and supposed P. acnes was associated with degenerative intervertebral disc. Here, the papers related to P. acnes and degenerative intervertebral disc were reviewed. Further, we deduced the approach of P. acnes enterring into the intervertebral disc as well as the mechanism of P. acnes aggravating the disc degeneration. These may provide suggestions for treating degenerative intervertebral disc.
Topics: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29417784
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0034.2017.05.018 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jul 2015There are four central factors that contribute to acne physiopathology: the inflammatory response, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, increased sebum production... (Review)
Review
There are four central factors that contribute to acne physiopathology: the inflammatory response, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, increased sebum production and hypercornification of the pilosebaceous duct. In addition, research in the areas of diet and nutrition, genetics and oxidative stress is also yielding some interesting insights into the development of acne. In this paper we review some of the most recent research and novel concepts revealed in this work, which has been published by researchers from diverse academic disciplines including dermatology, immunology, microbiology and endocrinology. We discuss the implications of their findings (particularly in terms of opportunities to develop new therapies), highlight interrelationships between these novel factors that could contribute to the pathology of acne, and indicate where gaps in our understanding still exist.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Diet; Forecasting; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Oxidative Stress; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Gland Diseases; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 25645151
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13634