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Salud Publica de Mexico Apr 2016Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumor found in men worldwide and in Mexico in particular. Age and family history are the main risk factors. The diagnosis is made by... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumor found in men worldwide and in Mexico in particular. Age and family history are the main risk factors. The diagnosis is made by prostate biopsy in patients with abnormalities detected in their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or digital rectal exam (DRE). This article reviews screening and diagnostic methods as well as treatment options for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27557386
DOI: 10.21149/spm.v58i2.7797 -
Current Opinion in Urology Sep 2017To investigate the association between obesity and prostate cancer (PCa). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To investigate the association between obesity and prostate cancer (PCa).
RECENT FINDINGS
Obesity has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of PCa through different biological mechanisms that include deregulation of the insulin axis, sex hormone secretion, adipokines signaling, and oxidative stress. Hypertrophic peritumoral adipocytes may also facilitate the local spread of PCa through the chemo-attraction of tumor cells. Clinical studies demonstrate that obesity might have clinical implications also in disease detection and management. Obese men have been shown to be less likely to be diagnosed with early-stage disease. Moreover, they are at increased risk of experiencing upgrading and upstaging when managed with active surveillance. However, the association between obesity and the risk of PCa recurrence and mortality after radical treatment is still debated.
SUMMARY
Obesity may facilitate the development and progression of PCa trough different biologic mechanisms that may pose obese men at higher risk of advanced and high-grade disease. However, the association between obesity and long-term oncologic outcome after radical treatments appears unclear.
Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Obesity; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28632505
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000424 -
Urology Apr 2015
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 25709047
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.10.061 -
European Urology Dec 2016Active surveillance is evolving as a management strategy for favorable-risk prostate cancer. Further study is needed to determine the safety of surveillance for specific...
Active surveillance is evolving as a management strategy for favorable-risk prostate cancer. Further study is needed to determine the safety of surveillance for specific subgroups of patients, and to clarify the role of genomic markers and image-guided biopsy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 27460354
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.017 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Mar 2022Prostate cancer is themost prevalent and deadliest neoplasm in men, with adiverse clinical presentantion and oncological outcomes.The diagnosis and treatment remains a... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prostate cancer is themost prevalent and deadliest neoplasm in men, with adiverse clinical presentantion and oncological outcomes.The diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge.New essays about biomarkers show their potential asa tool that may influence in clinical decision making,risk stratification and management of the disease.
METHODS
we performed a literature review abouttissue biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment ofprostate cancer.
RESULTS
Within the last years, a wide number ofdiagnostic and prognostic tests in tissue have been developed(ConfirmMDx, Promark, Oncoytype DX, Decipher),creating an opportunity to improve the diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Since prostate cancer is the mostprevalent neoplasm in men, it is mandatory to stratifypatients correctly to prevent unnecessary biopsiesand overtreatment in low risk patients, as well as designthe best strategy in those with high risk disease.Tissue biomarkers may become a useful tool in precisionmedicine to guide decision making.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Clinical Decision-Making; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35332888
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Radiation... Nov 2022Prostate cancer ranges from localized, low risk to metastatic, morbid disease. Although radiation therapy (RT) is commonly incorporated in the treatment of early disease... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer ranges from localized, low risk to metastatic, morbid disease. Although radiation therapy (RT) is commonly incorporated in the treatment of early disease or for palliation of symptomatic lesions, its role in extending survival in metastatic disease is less well-established. Here, we review the available evidence surrounding localized RT in the presence of oligometastatic disease and metastasis-directed therapy in both hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer. We further outline potential future incorporation of RT as an immune-sensitizing therapy and the importance of highly sensitive imaging modalities in considering RT in metastatic disease.
Topics: Hormones; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiosurgery
PubMed: 35878715
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.014 -
The British Journal of Radiology Mar 2022
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35179398
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20229003 -
Cancer Letters Jan 2022Tumor heterogeneity plays a key role in prostate cancer prognosis, therapy selection, relapse, and acquisition of treatment resistance. Prostate cancer presents a... (Review)
Review
Tumor heterogeneity plays a key role in prostate cancer prognosis, therapy selection, relapse, and acquisition of treatment resistance. Prostate cancer presents a heterogeneous diversity at inter- and intra-tumor and inter-patient levels which are influenced by multiple intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. Recent studies have started to characterize the complexity of prostate tumors and these different tiers of heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the most common factors that contribute to tumoral diversity. Moreover, we focus on the description of the in vitro and in vivo approaches, as well as high-throughput technologies, that help to model intra-tumoral diversity. Further understanding tumor heterogeneities and the challenges they present will guide enhanced patient risk stratification, aid the design of more precise therapies, and ultimately help beat this chameleon-like disease.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Male; Mutation; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34688843
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.012 -
European Urology Jul 2022Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved...
Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved issues such as biopsy quality, lack of a systematic biopsy template, cost-effectiveness, and the risk of acute urine retention are yet to be resolved by the urological community.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 35216857
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.046 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2018The major challenge in the treatment of patients with advanced lethal prostate cancer is therapeutic resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy.... (Review)
Review
The major challenge in the treatment of patients with advanced lethal prostate cancer is therapeutic resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. Overriding this resistance requires understanding of the driving mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment, not just the androgen receptor (AR)-signaling cascade, that facilitate therapeutic resistance in order to identify new drug targets. The tumor microenvironment enables key signaling pathways promoting cancer cell survival and invasion via resistance to anoikis. In particular, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), directed by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), confers stem cell properties and acquisition of a migratory and invasive phenotype via resistance to anoikis. Our lead agent DZ-50 may have a potentially high efficacy in advanced metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by eliciting an anoikis-driven therapeutic response. The plasticity of differentiated prostate tumor gland epithelium allows cells to de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells via EMT and re-differentiate via reversal to mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) during tumor progression. A characteristic feature of EMT landscape is loss of E-cadherin, causing adherens junction breakdown, which circumvents anoikis, promoting metastasis and chemoresistance. The targetable interactions between androgens/AR and TGF-β signaling are being pursued towards optimized therapeutic regimens for the treatment of mCRPC. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence on targeting the EMT-MET dynamic interconversions to overcome therapeutic resistance in patients with recurrent therapeutically resistant prostate cancer. Exploitation of the phenotypic landscape and metabolic changes that characterize the prostate tumor microenvironment in advanced prostate cancer and consequential impact in conferring treatment resistance are also considered in the context of biomarker discovery.
Topics: Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Male; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 29562686
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030904