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Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Aug 2015Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in...
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in patients who are on urinary catheters for a long time. Purple coloured urine occurs due to the accumulation of indigo and indirubin, which are the end products of tryptophan metabolism due to the action of sulfatases and phosphatases formed by bacteria like Providencia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella etc. We present this interesting phenomenon of purple urine in a young male who was on prolonged urinary catheterization. The urine culture was positive for Providencia and constipation was an added risk factor for the purple urine. The urinary catheter and tubing was changed along with a course of antibiotics which lead to the normalization of the urine colour.
PubMed: 26435987
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14736.6304 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2020Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac condition characterized by a typical electrocardiogram signature of coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial... (Review)
Review
Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac condition characterized by a typical electrocardiogram signature of coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads and ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death, in the absence of unequivocal structural heart disease. Brugada syndrome specifically affects the right ventricle, which predisposes to cardiac arrest. Besides medical management with quinidine, emerging data indicate that catheter ablation can help reduce the ventricular arrhythmia burden in these patients. This review explores the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmia, current approaches and evidence for ablating the epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate in this condition.
Topics: Brugada Syndrome; Catheter Ablation; Epicardial Mapping; Humans
PubMed: 32771188
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.04.006 -
BMC Biology May 2022Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms...
BACKGROUND
Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms and maintain homeostasis remain largely unknown.
RESULTS
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) was found to modulate gut microbiome homeostasis via regulation of a dual oxidase (Duox) gene expression in both Bactrocera dorsalis and Aedes aegypti. The knockdown of the peripheral 5-HT biosynthetic gene phenylalanine hydroxylase (TPH) increased the expression of Duox and the activity of reactive oxygen species, leading to a decrease in the gut microbiome load. Moreover, the TPH knockdown reduced the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Serratia and Providencia, including the opportunistic pathogens, S. marcescens and P. alcalifaciens in B. dorsalis. Treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, fully rescued the TPH knockdown-induced phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings reveal the important contribution of 5-HT in regulating gut homeostasis, providing new insights into gut-microbe interactions in metazoans.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Insecta; Serotonin; Serratia
PubMed: 35550116
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01319-x -
BMC Genomic Data Sep 2023Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some...
OBJECTIVES
Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some species of Providencia, such as P. rettgeri and P. stuartii, are considered emerging nosocomial pathogens and have been implicated in urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal illness, and travelers' diarrhea. Given their intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, this study aimed to isolate and sequence bacteriophages targeting a clinical P. rettgeri isolate.
DATA DESCRIPTION
Here we report the complete genome sequence of three novel Providencia phages, PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo, which were isolated against a clinical P. rettgeri strain sourced from a patient in a metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia. The three phages contain dsDNA genomes between 60.7 and 60.9 kb in size and are predicted to encode between 72 and 73 proteins. These three new phages, which share high genomic similarity to two other Providencia phages previously isolated on P. stuartii, serve as important resources in our understanding about Providencia bacteriophages and the potential for future phage-based biotherapies.
Topics: Humans; Diarrhea; Providencia; Travel; Bacteriophages; Dysentery; Hospitals, Urban; Victoria
PubMed: 37658299
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01153-2 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2023In February 2022, a critically ill patient colonized with a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae producing KPC-3 and VIM-1 carbapenemases was hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2...
In February 2022, a critically ill patient colonized with a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae producing KPC-3 and VIM-1 carbapenemases was hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 in the intensive care unit of Policlinico Umberto I hospital in Rome, Italy. During 95 days of hospitalization, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, and cefiderocol were administered consecutively to treat 3 respiratory tract infections sustained by different bacterial agents. Those therapies altered the resistome of K. pneumoniae sequence type 512 colonizing or infecting the patient during the hospitalization period. In vivo evolution of the K. pneumoniae sequence type 512 resistome occurred through plasmid loss, outer membrane porin alteration, and a nonsense mutation in the cirA siderophore gene, resulting in high levels of cefiderocol resistance. Cross-selection can occur between K. pneumoniae and treatments prescribed for other infective agents. K. pneumoniae can stably colonize a patient, and antimicrobial-selective pressure can promote progressive K. pneumoniae resistome evolution, indicating a substantial public health threat.
Topics: Humans; Ceftazidime; Meropenem; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Italy; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cefiderocol
PubMed: 37877547
DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230921 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales was first detected in Brazil in 2014, in a Providencia rettgeri isolate recovered from surveillance swabs... (Review)
Review
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales was first detected in Brazil in 2014, in a Providencia rettgeri isolate recovered from surveillance swabs in the Southern region. Since then, an increasing number of NDM enzymes have been reported in different species. Nevertheless, comprehensive data on the current epidemiology of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil are lacking. Therefore, this study reviewed the available information on the status of NDM-producing bacteria in Brazil. The main finding was the diversity of bacteria producing NDM, including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Morganella, Proteus, Escherichia, and Providencia. Limited data on clonality are available, but a few studies report different clonal backgrounds in NDM-producing K. pneumoniae, likely indicating local outbreaks. Over the years, a rise in the number of reported strains in different locations has been verified; however, different biases may have contributed to this finding. Therefore, a national surveillance study is warranted to identify the actual prevalence and incidence of NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Brazil and their role in patient management and outcome.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Enterobacter; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35690653
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00779-1 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... 2022Gopal P. Providencial Progression: Time to be Intolerant. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(4):409-410.
Gopal P. Providencial Progression: Time to be Intolerant. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(4):409-410.
PubMed: 35656045
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24192 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 2023A total of 35,360 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected from 75 US medical centers in 2018-2022. Among these isolates, 2612 (7.4%) were categorized as...
Ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-relebactam activities against multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales from United States Medical Centers (2018-2022).
A total of 35,360 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected from 75 US medical centers in 2018-2022. Among these isolates, 2612 (7.4%) were categorized as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Isolates were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) genes by whole genome sequencing. The highest MDR rates was observed among Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.2%), followed by Raoultella spp. (10.9%) and Providencia stuartii (9.8%). Ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam were very active and showed identical susceptibility rates against MDR isolates (97.9%). Imipenem-relebactam (93.5% susceptible [S]) exhibited slightly lower susceptibility rates due to its limited activity against Morganellaceae family. The most active β-lactamase inhibitor combination (BLI) against CRE isolates (n = 310) was ceftazidime-avibactam (84.2%S), followed by meropenem-vaborbactam (81.9%S) and imipenem-relebactam (74.8%S). All 3 BLIs were very active against KPC producers and none were active against MBL producers. Ceftazidime-avibactam exhibited greater activity against OXA-48-type producers than meropenem-vaborbactam and imipenem-vaborbactam.
Topics: United States; Humans; Meropenem; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Azabicyclo Compounds; Drug Combinations; Imipenem; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37060707
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115945 -
Methods in Enzymology 2017Rhomboid proteases are intramembrane enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds of transmembrane proteins in the lipid bilayer. They play a variety of roles in key biological...
Rhomboid proteases are intramembrane enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds of transmembrane proteins in the lipid bilayer. They play a variety of roles in key biological events and are linked to several disease states. Over the last decade a great deal of structural and functional knowledge has been generated on this fascinating class of proteases. Both structural and kinetic analyses require milligram amounts of protein, which may be challenging for membrane proteins such as rhomboids. Here, we present a detailed protocol for optimization of expression and purification of three rhomboid proteases from Escherichia coli (ecGlpG), Haemophilus influenzae (hiGlpG), and Providencia stuartii (AarA). We discuss the optimization of expression conditions, such as concentration of inducing agent, induction time, and temperature, as well as purification protocol with precise details for each step. The provided protocol yields 1-2.5mg of rhomboid enzyme per liter of bacterial culture and can assist in structural and functional studies of intramembrane proteases.
Topics: DNA-Binding Proteins; Endopeptidases; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Haemophilus influenzae; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Biology; Providencia; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 28065266
DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.10.031 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2022: and are related genera of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the family, often a cause of infections in the immunocompromised hosts, such as diabetic patients.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: and are related genera of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the family, often a cause of infections in the immunocompromised hosts, such as diabetic patients. Their clinical significance has increased due to their intrinsic resistance to polymyxins, which is often associated with acquired resistance mechanisms. In this study we evaluated the infections caused by and in two groups of patients, with diabetes (group 1) and without diabetes (group 2) admitted to the intensive care unit and surgical wards. The infections were investigated in terms of infection type, risk factors, clinical course, predictive factors for unfavourable outcomes and antibiotic resistance profile. : An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, comprising all patients infected with these pathogens. Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed using the Vitek2C automated system. : Comparison of the two groups showed that the statistically significant common infectious risk factors were found less frequently among diabetic patients when compared with non-diabetic patients, and that antimicrobial resistance was significantly lower in the diabetic patient group. However, survival rates did not differ between the two groups, drawing attention to the implications of diabetes as comorbidity. Additionally, with regard to the antibiotic resistance profile, 38.89% of strains isolated from diabetic patients belonged to the difficult-to-treat (DTR) phenotype, contributing to the severity of these infections compared with those caused by , of which 32% were wild type strains and 0% were DTR phenotype. The DTR/extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates more than doubled the risk of mortality, while the presence of nasogastric nutrition tripled the risk. : infections that occurred in diabetic patients proved to be more difficult to treat, the majority of them being healthcare-associated bacteremias.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35208593
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020271