-
Nature Jul 2020Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce...
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota-brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia bacteria, which colonize the gut, bypasses the requirement for host tyramine biosynthesis and manipulates a host sensory decision. Bacterially produced tyramine is probably converted to octopamine by the host tyramine β-hydroxylase enzyme. Octopamine, in turn, targets the OCTR-1 octopamine receptor on ASH nociceptive neurons to modulate an aversive olfactory response. We identify the genes that are required for tyramine biosynthesis in Providencia, and show that these genes are necessary for the modulation of host behaviour. We further find that C. elegans colonized by Providencia preferentially select these bacteria in food choice assays, and that this selection bias requires bacterially produced tyramine and host octopamine signalling. Our results demonstrate that a neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria mimics the functions of the cognate host molecule to override host control of a sensory decision, and thereby promotes fitness of both the host and the microorganism.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Metabolomics; Mutation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Octanols; Octopamine; Providencia; Receptors, Biogenic Amine; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sensory Receptor Cells; Smell; Tyramine; Tyrosine Decarboxylase
PubMed: 32555456
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2395-5 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to...
as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to public health. However, a comprehensive genomic study to reveal the population structure and dissemination of is still lacking. In this study, we conducted a genomic epidemiology analysis on the 580 global sequenced isolates, including 257 ones sequenced in this study (42 ones were fully sequenced). We established a genome sequence-based species classification scheme for , redefining the conventional 11 species into seven genocomplexes that were further divided into 18 genospecies, providing an extensively updated reference for species discrimination based on the largest genome dataset to date. We then dissected the profile of antimicrobial resistance genes and the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant strains among these genocomplexes/genospecies, disclosing the presence of diverse and abundant antimicrobial resistance genes and high resistance ratios against multiple classes of drugs in . We further dissected the genetic basis for the spread of in . genes were mainly carried by five incompatible (Inc) groups of plasmids: IncC, IncW, Inc, Inc, and Inc, and the last three were newly designated in this study. By tracking the spread of -carrying plasmids, IncC, Inc, Inc, and Inc plasmids were found to be highly involved in parallel horizontal transfer or vertical clonal expansion of among . Overall, our study provided a comprehensive genomic view of species differentiation, antimicrobial resistance prevalence, and plasmid-mediated dissemination in .
Topics: Providencia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases; Genomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37874004
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2275596 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2019is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of... (Review)
Review
is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of in both developing and developed countries have raised public health concerns. Several studies have suggested that can cause diarrhea by invading the intestinal mucosa, although its pathogenicity has not been well established. Often routine laboratory investigations that seek etiological agents of diarrhea do not actively pursue detection. Therefore, routine laboratory diagnosis should be given more attention for better understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of .
Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Foodborne Diseases; Providencia
PubMed: 31218997
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0376 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2018species are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family. They have intrinsic resistance to colistin and tigecycline, which makes treatment of the... (Review)
Review
species are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family. They have intrinsic resistance to colistin and tigecycline, which makes treatment of the multidrug-resistant strains of challenging. Carbapenem-resistant species are increasingly reported. In this review, patients' characteristics, resistance mechanisms, treatment and infection control measures of carbapenem-resistant species in the literature are described.
PubMed: 29983987
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.009 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2022: and are related genera of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the family, often a cause of infections in the immunocompromised hosts, such as diabetic patients.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: and are related genera of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the family, often a cause of infections in the immunocompromised hosts, such as diabetic patients. Their clinical significance has increased due to their intrinsic resistance to polymyxins, which is often associated with acquired resistance mechanisms. In this study we evaluated the infections caused by and in two groups of patients, with diabetes (group 1) and without diabetes (group 2) admitted to the intensive care unit and surgical wards. The infections were investigated in terms of infection type, risk factors, clinical course, predictive factors for unfavourable outcomes and antibiotic resistance profile. : An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, comprising all patients infected with these pathogens. Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed using the Vitek2C automated system. : Comparison of the two groups showed that the statistically significant common infectious risk factors were found less frequently among diabetic patients when compared with non-diabetic patients, and that antimicrobial resistance was significantly lower in the diabetic patient group. However, survival rates did not differ between the two groups, drawing attention to the implications of diabetes as comorbidity. Additionally, with regard to the antibiotic resistance profile, 38.89% of strains isolated from diabetic patients belonged to the difficult-to-treat (DTR) phenotype, contributing to the severity of these infections compared with those caused by , of which 32% were wild type strains and 0% were DTR phenotype. The DTR/extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates more than doubled the risk of mortality, while the presence of nasogastric nutrition tripled the risk. : infections that occurred in diabetic patients proved to be more difficult to treat, the majority of them being healthcare-associated bacteremias.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35208593
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020271 -
BMC Genomic Data Sep 2023Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some...
OBJECTIVES
Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some species of Providencia, such as P. rettgeri and P. stuartii, are considered emerging nosocomial pathogens and have been implicated in urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal illness, and travelers' diarrhea. Given their intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, this study aimed to isolate and sequence bacteriophages targeting a clinical P. rettgeri isolate.
DATA DESCRIPTION
Here we report the complete genome sequence of three novel Providencia phages, PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo, which were isolated against a clinical P. rettgeri strain sourced from a patient in a metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia. The three phages contain dsDNA genomes between 60.7 and 60.9 kb in size and are predicted to encode between 72 and 73 proteins. These three new phages, which share high genomic similarity to two other Providencia phages previously isolated on P. stuartii, serve as important resources in our understanding about Providencia bacteriophages and the potential for future phage-based biotherapies.
Topics: Humans; Diarrhea; Providencia; Travel; Bacteriophages; Dysentery; Hospitals, Urban; Victoria
PubMed: 37658299
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01153-2 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... 2022Gopal P. Providencial Progression: Time to be Intolerant. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(4):409-410.
Gopal P. Providencial Progression: Time to be Intolerant. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(4):409-410.
PubMed: 35656045
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24192 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2020Four isolates and one isolate were obtained from urine samples of five patients in 2018 in Japan. All of the isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, and...
Four isolates and one isolate were obtained from urine samples of five patients in 2018 in Japan. All of the isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, and three were highly resistant to both carbapenems, with MICs of 512 μg/ml. The three highly carbapenem-resistant isolates harbored , encoding a variant of IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase with two amino acid substitutions (Val67Phe and Phe87Val), and the other two harbored and , respectively. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that an isolate harbored two copies of on the chromosome and that the other four harbored a copy of or in a plasmid. Expression of conferred carbapenem resistance in Recombinant IMP-70 and an IMP-1 variant with Val67Phe but without Phe87Val had significant higher hydrolytic activities against meropenem than recombinant IMP-1, indicating that an amino acid substitution of Val67Phe affects increased activities against meropenem in IMP-70. These results suggest that spp. become more highly resistant to carbapenems by acquisition of two copies of or by mutation of genes with amino acid substitutions, such as .
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Japan; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia
PubMed: 32816727
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00382-20 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Aug 2015Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in...
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in patients who are on urinary catheters for a long time. Purple coloured urine occurs due to the accumulation of indigo and indirubin, which are the end products of tryptophan metabolism due to the action of sulfatases and phosphatases formed by bacteria like Providencia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella etc. We present this interesting phenomenon of purple urine in a young male who was on prolonged urinary catheterization. The urine culture was positive for Providencia and constipation was an added risk factor for the purple urine. The urinary catheter and tubing was changed along with a course of antibiotics which lead to the normalization of the urine colour.
PubMed: 26435987
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14736.6304 -
Communications Biology Apr 2022Bacterial homologous lysine and arginine decarboxylases play major roles in the acid stress response, physiology, antibiotic resistance and virulence. The Escherichia...
Bacterial homologous lysine and arginine decarboxylases play major roles in the acid stress response, physiology, antibiotic resistance and virulence. The Escherichia coli enzymes are considered as their archetypes. Whereas acid stress triggers polymerisation of the E. coli lysine decarboxylase LdcI, such behaviour has not been observed for the arginine decarboxylase Adc. Here we show that the Adc from a multidrug-resistant human pathogen Providencia stuartii massively polymerises into filaments whose cryo-EM structure reveals pronounced differences between Adc and LdcI assembly mechanisms. While the structural determinants of Adc polymerisation are conserved only in certain Providencia and Burkholderia species, acid stress-induced polymerisation of LdcI appears general for enterobacteria. Analysis of the expression, activity and oligomerisation of the P. stuartii Adc further highlights the distinct properties of this unusual protein and lays a platform for future investigation of the role of supramolecular assembly in the superfamily or arginine and lysine decarboxylases.
Topics: Carboxy-Lyases; Escherichia coli; Providencia
PubMed: 35383285
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03276-1