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Environmental Technology Jun 2024Diesel degradation and bacterial growth were investigated in soil, marine water, and freshwater ecosystems using IITG19, IITG20, and their mixed culture. Both bacteria...
Diesel degradation and bacterial growth were investigated in soil, marine water, and freshwater ecosystems using IITG19, IITG20, and their mixed culture. Both bacteria were found to be effective in all three ecosystems, with the best degradation occurring in freshwater. IITG19 showed higher degradation (59%, 62%, and 76%) than (31%, 57%, and 67%) in soil, marine water, and freshwater, respectively. Alkanes showed higher degradation than naphthenes and aromatics for both strains. The mixed culture showed higher diesel degradation efficiency than individual strains in all ecosystems. The overall degradation was similar in soil and marine water (66%), while freshwater showed the highest degradation of 81%. In the presence of the mixed culture, the degradation of alkanes was more than 90%. Bacterial growth was highest in freshwater and lowest in soil for both bacteria and the mixed culture. Metabolite analysis confirmed alcoholic degradation for alkanes and cyclo-alcoholic degradation for naphthenes. The degradation rate for mixed culture was higher than that of both the individual strains. The mixed culture had highest degradation rate constant in freshwater at 0.11 day followed by that in marine ecosystem at 0.078 day. The rate constant was lowest for soil ecosystem at 0.066 day Thus the mixed culture showed effectiveness in all three ecosystems, with its highest effectiveness observed in the freshwater ecosystem.
PubMed: 38837716
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2361171 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jun 2015International guidelines exclude athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) from participating in sports, except those of low intensity (category IA,... (Review)
Review
International guidelines exclude athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) from participating in sports, except those of low intensity (category IA, such as golf, billiards or bowling). However, these guidelines are based on expert consensus, and thus the safety and risks of participating in sports in this population are still largely unknown in the medical community. We performed a systematic review of the literature in PubMed using the following search string: "((sudden cardiac death) AND (sport OR physical exercise)) AND defibrillator". After the application of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 results were selected, which are explored in this paper. Preliminary results on ICD use in this population appear to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the device in this context. Further studies, with longer follow-up and with larger samples, may provide stronger evidence to support these findings. In the meantime, disqualifying almost all ICD patients from participating in sports, without taking into consideration their individual needs and characteristics, may be prejudicial to a considerable number of patients by preventing them from exercising their profession or engaging in recreational sport, for which their risk of sudden cardiac death may be low.
Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Humans; Sports
PubMed: 26050225
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.11.007 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The indiscriminate use and overuse of various antibiotics have caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in poultry products and the surrounding...
The indiscriminate use and overuse of various antibiotics have caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in poultry products and the surrounding environment, giving rise to global public health issues. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) found in the environment of poultry farms and to evaluate the risk of contamination in these farms based on multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values. Soil and effluent samples were collected from 13 poultry farms. The VITEK 2 system was used for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates. The identified Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter spp., spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. The results showed that Enterobacter spp. spp., and spp. exhibited the highest MDR rates and MAR indices; 14% of K. pneumoniae isolates (3/21 isolates) were resistant to 13 antibiotics and found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. As for the tested antibiotics, 96.6% of the isolates (28/29 isolates) demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (55.9% [33/59 isolates]) and cefazolin (54.8% [57/104 isolates]). The high percentage of MDR bacteria and the presence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains suggested the presence of MDR genes from the poultry farm environment, which poses an alarming threat to the effectiveness of the available antibiotic medicines to treat infectious diseases. Therefore, the use of antibiotics should be regulated and controlled, while studies addressing One Health issues are vital for combating and preventing the development and spread of ARB. The occurrence and spread of ARB due to high demand in poultry industries are of great public health concern. The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly MDR among bacterial pathogens, poses challenges in clinical treatment. Some pathogens are now virtually untreatable with current antibiotics. However, those pathogens were rarely explored in the environment. In alignment with the concept of One Health, it is imperative to study the rate of resistance in the environment, because this domain plays an important role in the dissemination of bacteria to humans, animals, and other environmental areas. Reliable data on the prevalence of MDR bacteria are crucial to curb the spread of bacterial pathogens that can cause antimicrobial-resistant infections.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Farms; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Poultry; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35467407
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02694-21 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jul 2022The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a real public health problem worldwide and is responsible for the increase in hospital infections. Donella welwitschii...
BACKGROUND
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a real public health problem worldwide and is responsible for the increase in hospital infections. Donella welwitschii is a liana or shrub belonging to the family Sapotaceae and traditionally used to cure coughs.
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted with the objective to validate the medicinal properties of this plant, the aerial part was studied for its phytochemical composition using column and PTLC chromatography and exploring its antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity as well as those of its phytochemicals.
METHODS
The structures of the compounds were elucidated from their physical and spectroscopic data in conjunction with literature. The antibacterial activity of the isolated metabolites was performed toward a panel of MDR Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The broth micro-dilution method was used to determine antibacterial activities, efflux pump effect using the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) (phenylalanine-arginine-ß-naphthylamide (PAβN)), as well as the modulating activity of antibiotics. Monitoring the acidification of the bacterial growth medium was used to study the effects of the samples on the bacterial proton-ATPase pumps and cellular ATP production.
RESULTS
Eleven compounds were isolated including pentacyclic triterpenes, C-glucosyl benzophenones. With a MIC value < 10 μg/mL, diospyric acid (7) significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli AG102, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP55, Providencia stuartii NEA16 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA3. 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) significantly impaired the growth of Enterobacter aerogenes EA27, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296 and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA6; and oleanolic acid (9) strongly impaired the growth of Escherichia coli AG 102, Enterobacter aerogenes EA27 and Providencia stuartii PS2636. Diospyric acid (7) and 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) induced perturbation of H-ATPase pump and inhibition of the cellular ATP production. Moreover, at MIC/2 and MIC/4, compounds 7, 8, and 9 strongly improved the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline with antibiotic-modulating factors ranging between 2 and 64.
CONCLUSION
The overall results of the current work demonstrate that diospyric acid (7), 28-hydroxy-β-amyrin (8) and oleanolic acid (9) are the major bioactive constituents of Donella welwitschia towards Gram-negative bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleanolic Acid; Phenotype; Phytochemicals; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Providencia; Sapotaceae
PubMed: 35858857
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03673-3 -
MSystems 2018Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern whereby the ecological relatedness (e.g., beta diversity relationships) of host-associated...
Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern whereby the ecological relatedness (e.g., beta diversity relationships) of host-associated microbial communities parallels the phylogeny of the host species. Representing the most abundant biological entities on the planet and common members of the animal-associated microbiome, viruses can be influential members of host-associated microbial communities that may recapitulate, reinforce, or ablate phylosymbiosis. Here we sequence the metagenomes of purified viral communities from three different parasitic wasp species, one cytonuclear introgression line of , and the flour moth outgroup Ephestia kuehniella. Results demonstrate complete phylosymbiosis between the viral metagenome and insect phylogeny. Across all contigs, 69% of the genes in the viral metagenomes are either new to the databases or uncharacterized, yet over 99% of the contigs have at least one gene with similarity to a known sequence. The core virome spans 21% of the total contigs, and the majority of that core is likely derived from induced prophages residing in the genomes of common -associated bacterial genera: , , and . We also assemble the first complete viral particle genomes from -associated gut bacteria. Taken together, results reveal the first complete evidence for phylosymbiosis in viral metagenomes, new genome sequences of viral particles from -associated gut bacteria, and a large set of novel or uncharacterized genes in the virome. This work suggests that phylosymbiosis at the host-microbiome level will likely extend to the host-virome level in other systems as well. Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on the planet and interact with microbial communities with which they associate. The virome of animals is often dominated by bacterial viruses, known as bacteriophages or phages, which can (re)structure bacterial communities potentially vital to the animal host. Beta diversity relationships of animal-associated bacterial communities in laboratory and wild populations frequently parallel animal phylogenetic relationships, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. However, little is known about whether viral communities also exhibit this eco-evolutionary pattern. Metagenomics of purified viruses from recently diverged species of parasitoid wasps reared in the lab indicates for the first time that the community relationships of the virome can also exhibit complete phylosymbiosis. Therefore, viruses, particularly bacteriophages here, may also be influenced by animal evolutionary changes either directly or indirectly through the tripartite interactions among hosts, bacteria, and phage communities. Moreover, we report several new bacteriophage genomes from the common gut bacteria in .
PubMed: 30574559
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00131-18 -
Veterinary Medicine International 2020A total of sixty raw milk samples were collected from (street vendors and shops) from Baghdad city, Iraq. The samples were inoculated into peptone water and, then,...
A total of sixty raw milk samples were collected from (street vendors and shops) from Baghdad city, Iraq. The samples were inoculated into peptone water and, then, subcultured onto MacConkey agar and Blood agar. Identification of isolates was confirmed by microscopic examination, cultural characteristic, biochemical tests, Vitek (VITEK®2 system), and Biolog GN substrate reactions followed by 16S rRNA and specific genes sequencing. Of 60 raw cow's milk samples, spp. were identified only in 4 samples (6.67%) and was the most common, 2/4 (50%), followed by and , 1/4 (25%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against ten antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. All isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR), and the absolute resistant was 100% to tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline and 50% against ampicillin\sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. They were highly susceptible (100%) to trimethoprim, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. These findings indicate that milk might be contaminated with spp. leading to transmission to humans causing poisoning, diarrhea, and other infections. This is the first study of isolated spp. from raw cow's milk.
PubMed: 33456748
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874747 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present...
The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present study, larvae and prepupae of were reared at 20, 27, and 33 °C, to determine whether temperature affects the whole insect microbiota, described using microbiological risk assessment techniques and 16S rRNA gene survey. The larvae efficiently grew across the tested temperatures. Higher temperatures promoted faster larval development and greater final biomass but also higher mortality. Viable Enterobacteriaceae, , , , coagulase-positive staphylococci, , and were detected in prepupae. and counts got higher with the increasing temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbiota of larvae was dominated by (>60%) and other (mainly ) and evolved to a more complex composition in prepupae, with a bloom of , , and , while was still present as the main component. Prepupae largely shared the microbiota with the frass where it was reared, except for few lowly represented taxa. The rearing temperature was negatively associated with the amount of , and positively associated with a variety of other genera, such as , , , , , , , , and . With respect to the microbiological risk assessment, attention should be paid to abundant genera, such as , , , , and , which encompass species described as opportunistic pathogens, bearing drug resistances or causing severe morbidity.
PubMed: 32549385
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060902 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Nov 2021Kidney stone is one of the common diseases of the urinary system. About 80% of kidney stones are mainly composed of calcium oxalate. As a huge bacterial network, the...
Kidney stone is one of the common diseases of the urinary system. About 80% of kidney stones are mainly composed of calcium oxalate. As a huge bacterial network, the interaction of gut microbes is complex. Intestinal microbes may play a role in the pathogenesis and prevention of kidney stones. The intestinal flora of patients with calcium oxalate stones possess unique distribution of gut microbes. , , , and are closely related to calcium oxalate stones, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of urinary stones.
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Oxalobacter formigenes; Urinary Calculi
PubMed: 34911864
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200513 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Oct 2021Triclosan (TCS) is extensively used in healthcare and personal care products as an antibacterial agent. Due to the persistent and toxic nature of TCS, it is not...
Triclosan (TCS) is extensively used in healthcare and personal care products as an antibacterial agent. Due to the persistent and toxic nature of TCS, it is not completely degraded in the biological wastewater treatment process. In this research work, identification of TCS degrading bacteria from municipal wastewater sludge and applying the same as bioaugmentation treatment for wastewater have been reported. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis of wastewater sludge, it was found that Providencia rettgeri MB-IIT strain was active and able to grow in higher TCS concentration. The identified bacterial strain was able to use TCS as carbon and energy source for its growth. The biodegradation experiment was optimized for the operational parameters viz. pH (5-10), inoculum size (1-5% (v/v)) and different initial concentration (2, 5, and 10 mg/L) of TCS. During the TCS degradation process, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (LAC) enzyme activity and specific growth rate of P. rettgeri strain were maximum at pH=7% and 2% (v/v) inoculum size, resulting in 98% of TCS removal efficiency. A total of six intermediate products were identified from the Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis, and the two mechanisms responsible for the degradation of TCS have been elucidated. The study highlights that P. rettgeri MB-IIT strain could be advantageously used to degrade triclosan present in the wastewater.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Providencia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Triclosan; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34252677
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126430 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2022Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the...
ABSTRACT
Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the impact of simulated food processing conditions on P. rettgeri planktonic growth and biofilm formation is limited. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of temperature (19 to 37°C), pH (5 to 9), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0.50 to 2.0%, w/v) were applied to construct planktonic growth and biofilm formation models for P. rettgeri. For both RSM models, an increase in NaCl concentration restricted P. rettgeri growth. Planktonic growth and biofilm formation were maximum at 27.83 and 25.41°C, respectively. Tannic acid (TA) is a highly effective antibacterial agent that inhibited planktonic and biofilm P. rettgeri under optimal growth conditions. The viability of P. rettgeri cells was decreased by TA treatment, which caused destruction of the cell membrane and production of endogenous reactive oxygen species. TA significantly inactivated P. rettgeri biofilms, as verified by observation. The obtained models in this study may be useful for describing the impact of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth by P. rettgeri in the food processing environment and better understanding the impacts of food-related conditions on bacterial planktonic growth and biofilm formation. These results obtained for P. rettgeri planktonic cells and biofilms can provide a framework for removal strategies for other foodborne pathogens.
Topics: Biofilms; Plankton; Providencia; Sodium Chloride; Tannins
PubMed: 35271716
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-21-289