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Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2023Research has led to major achievements in public policy and child health. Despite the gains, the need for research to inform policy remains paramount against a backdrop... (Review)
Review
Research has led to major achievements in public policy and child health. Despite the gains, the need for research to inform policy remains paramount against a backdrop of inadequate public health investments, health inequities, and public skepticism toward science. However, the translation of research into child health policy has often been slow due to misalignments in incentives between researchers and policy makers and a paucity of conceptual models to inform translation. This article outlines barriers to translation, provides examples of discordance between evidence and policy, summarizes models to inform translation, and offers strategies to improve translation of research to policy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child Health; Motivation; Health Policy; Public Policy; Public Health
PubMed: 36402465
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.09.012 -
International Journal of Health Policy... 2023
Topics: Humans; Global Health; Health Policy; Public Policy
PubMed: 37579384
DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.8124 -
ANS. Advances in Nursing Science 2018
Topics: Humans; Nursing Care; Public Policy
PubMed: 29389724
DOI: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000199 -
European Urology Apr 2017
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 27743755
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.09.049 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... May 2022It is widely recognised that the process of public health policy making (i.e., the analysis, action plan design, execution, monitoring and evaluation of public health...
It is widely recognised that the process of public health policy making (i.e., the analysis, action plan design, execution, monitoring and evaluation of public health policies) should be evidenced based, and supported by data analytics and decision-making tools tailored to it. This is because the management of health conditions and their consequences at a public health policy making level can benefit from such type of analysis of heterogeneous data, including health care devices usage, physiological, cognitive, clinical and medication, personal, behavioural, lifestyle data, occupational and environmental data. In this paper we present a novel approach to public health policy making in a form of an ontology, and an integrated platform for realising this approach. Our solution is model-driven and makes use of big data analytics technology. More specifically, it is based on public health policy decision making (PHPDM) models that steer the public health policy decision making process by defining the data that need to be collected, the ways in which they should be analysed in order to produce the evidence useful for public health policymaking, how this evidence may support or contradict various policy interventions (actions), and the stakeholders involved in the decision-making process. The resulted web-based platform has been implemented using Hadoop, Spark and HBASE, developed in the context of a research programme on public health policy making for the management of hearing loss called EVOTION, funded by the Horizon 2020.
Topics: Health Policy; Hearing Loss; Humans; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 35025752
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3142503 -
The Milbank Quarterly Apr 2023
Topics: Public Policy; Health Policy; Population Health
PubMed: 37096614
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12645 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 2016In October, 2015, China's one-child policy was replaced by a universal two-child policy. The effects of the new policy are inevitably speculative, but predictions can be... (Review)
Review
In October, 2015, China's one-child policy was replaced by a universal two-child policy. The effects of the new policy are inevitably speculative, but predictions can be made based on recent trends. The population increase will be relatively small, peaking at 1·45 billion in 2029 (compared with a peak of 1·4 billion in 2023 if the one-child policy continued). The new policy will allow almost all Chinese people to have their preferred number of children. The benefits of the new policy include: a large reduction in abortions of unapproved pregnancies, virtual elimination of the problem of unregistered children, and a more normal sex ratio. All of these effects should improve health outcomes. Effects of the new policy on the shrinking workforce and rapid population ageing will not be evident for two decades. In the meantime, more sound policy actions are needed to meet the social, health, and care needs of the elderly population.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Aging; Birth Rate; Caregivers; China; Coercion; Confucianism; Contraception; Disabled Persons; Educational Status; Employment; Ethnicity; Female; Health Services; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Income; Intrauterine Devices; Male; Only Child; Parents; Population Control; Population Growth; Public Policy; Punishment; Rural Population; Sex Ratio; Urban Population; Women's Health
PubMed: 27751400
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31405-2 -
BMC Medical Ethics Sep 2015Global collaboration in genomic research is increasingly both a scientific reality and an ethical imperative. This past decade has witnessed the emergence of six new,...
BACKGROUND
Global collaboration in genomic research is increasingly both a scientific reality and an ethical imperative. This past decade has witnessed the emergence of six new, interconnected areas of ethical consensus and emphasis for policy in genomics: governance, security, empowerment, transparency, the right not to know, and globalization.
DISCUSSION
The globalization of genomic research warrants an approach to governance policies grounded in human rights. A human rights approach activates the ethical principles underpinning genomic research. It lends force to the right of all citizens to benefit from scientific progress, and to the right of all scientists to be recognized for their contributions.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Biomedical Research; Computer Security; Genetic Research; Genomics; Human Rights; Humans; Information Dissemination; International Cooperation; Internationality; Patient Rights; Personal Autonomy; Policy Making; Power, Psychological; Public Policy
PubMed: 26337535
DOI: 10.1186/s12910-015-0054-4 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Jun 2022The article examines key developments unfolding in the 21st century in the intersection of multisectoral and multilateral dimensions of public health policy. Several...
The article examines key developments unfolding in the 21st century in the intersection of multisectoral and multilateral dimensions of public health policy. Several processes and mechanisms, relatively new or rapidly evolving, are fuelling this dynamic interface. They include, in particular, expansion of the spectrum of sectors involved in the health domain, the upsurge of trans-border and commercial determinants of health, growing presence of health issues in multilateral instruments and processes that are outside of the health sector, and strengthening the legal base of intersectoral relations and responsibilities for health. They also encompass and reflect important transformations in health diplomacy and governance for health, some of the fundamentals of contemporary public and global health. The article argues that overall, multisectoral and multilateral dimensions tend to interact, inform and reinforce each other, and that such interaction would be one of important drivers of 21st century intersectoral policy-and international cooperation-for health.
Topics: Global Health; Health Policy; Humans; International Cooperation; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 33512497
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa274 -
Public Health Jun 2022Given the growing interest worldwide in applying public policies to improve human health, we undertook a systematic review of studies investigating whether public... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Given the growing interest worldwide in applying public policies to improve human health, we undertook a systematic review of studies investigating whether public policies targeting unhealthy products could reduce cardiovascular diseases.
STUDY DESIGN
This study was a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS
We searched research studies published in 2000-2020 from major databases, including MEDLINE and Embase. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and narratively synthesized the studies based on vote counting and direction of the intervention effect.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight studies, mostly from high-income countries, met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were on public policies targeting sugar-sweetened beverages and tobacco, followed by alcohol, sugar, salt, and junk foods. Overall, many reported that several fiscal, regulatory, and educational policies generated beneficial effects of reducing the diseases. Those studies that reported no or limited effects highlighted several sociodemographic and health risk characteristics and design and implementation aspects of the policy interventions as factors limiting the policy effects; most of these are modifiable with appropriate policy interventions. For instance, low magnitude of tax, substitution with other unhealthy products, firms' competitive response strategies, pre-existence of smoking bans, incremental enactment of smoking regulations, degree of enforcement, and various sociocultural factors minimized the effects of the policies.
CONCLUSION
The literature supports a growing consensus on the beneficial effects of public policy for improving human health. The design and implementation of public policies must address various impeding factors and incorporate appropriate remedial measures. Further research is needed from low- and middle-income countries and on whether and how multiple policy instruments work in tandem.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Public Policy; Smoke-Free Policy; Smoking; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
PubMed: 35567826
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.021