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Nursing Management Jul 2022
Topics: Health Policy; Public Policy
PubMed: 35776421
DOI: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000834512.45322.d0 -
International Journal For Equity in... Dec 2023Cancer causes a major disease burden worldwide. This is increasingly being realised in low and middle-income countries, which account disproportionately for preventable... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cancer causes a major disease burden worldwide. This is increasingly being realised in low and middle-income countries, which account disproportionately for preventable cancer deaths. Despite the World Health Organization calling for governments to develop policies to address this and alleviate cancer inequality, numerous challenges in executing effective cancer policies remain, which require consideration of the country-specific context. As this has not yet been considered in Ghana, the aim of this review was to bring together and critique the social-environmental, health policy and system factors to identifying opportunities for future health policies to reduce cancer burden in the Ghanian context. A critical policy-focused review was conducted to bring together and critique the current health systems context relating to cancer in Ghana, considering the unmet policy need, health system and social factors contributing to the burden and policy advances related to cancer.
CONCLUSION
The findings highlight the changing burden of cancer in Ghana and the contextual factors within the socio-ecosystem that contribute to this. Policies around expanding access to and coverage of services, as well as the harmonization with medical pluralism have potential to improve outcomes and increase equity but their implementation and robust data to monitor their impact pose significant barriers.
Topics: Humans; Ghana; Health Policy; Neoplasms; Public Policy
PubMed: 38066530
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02067-2 -
International Journal of Health... Apr 2022This article examines the political economy of health inequalities and inequities in the public health care system in India and identifies potential areas for...
This article examines the political economy of health inequalities and inequities in the public health care system in India and identifies potential areas for interventions to promote equal and equitable health care for marginalized people. Drawing on the Political Economy of Health Model of Research, this article reiterates the inadequacy of policy frameworks and programs in ensuring accessible, affordable, and quality public health care services to all. We argue that for policies to be successful, policymakers should consider the diverse social registries of class, caste, religion, gender, region, ethnicity, and age, as well as their intersections. We also argue that health care policies and programs need to be: () dynamic and flexible, () intersectional and backed up by sufficient grassroots research, and () equitable at every stage of policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Policy; Health Status Disparities; Humans; India; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 35084231
DOI: 10.1177/00207314211066748 -
The Lancet. Public Health Mar 2020
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 32113515
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30027-X -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Sep 2020Local governments are often innovators of public health policy-making, yet states are increasingly preempting or prohibiting local control over public health issues....
INTRODUCTION
Local governments are often innovators of public health policy-making, yet states are increasingly preempting or prohibiting local control over public health issues. Previous research identified examples of strategies used by state legislatures to pass preemption in ways that may obscure public discussion about preemption or the topics preempted or enhance the strength of a previously passed preemptive law.
METHODS
To systematically identify strategies to pass, obscure, or enhance preemption, in 2019, the authors conducted a content analysis of the full text of the bills from which preemptive laws in 5 policy areas (tobacco control, firearms, paid sick leave, food and nutrition, and civil rights) passed over a 5-year period (2014-2018) for preemptive laws that remained in effect as of January 2019.
RESULTS
This research identified 5 methods state legislators used during the 5-year period to pass and support preemption: (1) pass preemptive bills quickly (11 laws); (2) obscure preemption by adding it to pre-existing bills on nonrelevant substantive topics (4 bills), bundling preemption of multiple nonrelated topics (4 bills), or titling bills in a way that does not reflect the substance of the bill (1 bill); (3) repeal and replace preemption (2 laws); (4) preempt litigation (1 law); and (5) enact punitive preemption (7 laws).
CONCLUSIONS
Strategies employed to pass preemption obscure public debate about preemption and the underlying public health and social justice issues at stake while minimizing the ability of local governments to protect their populations and the nation to learn from local policy successes.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Local Government; Public Health; Public Policy; State Government; United States
PubMed: 32534862
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.023 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Sep 2022An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society's most pressing problems can be addressed...
An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society's most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at the level of the individual, without modifying the system in which the individual operates. We now believe this was a mistake, along with, we suspect, many colleagues in both the academic and policy communities. Results from such interventions have been disappointingly modest. But more importantly, they have guided many (though by no means all) behavioral scientists to frame policy problems in individual, not systemic, terms: To adopt what we call the "i-frame," rather than the "s-frame." The difference may be more consequential than i-frame advocates have realized, by deflecting attention and support away from s-frame policies. Indeed, highlighting the i-frame is a long-established objective of corporate opponents of concerted systemic action such as regulation and taxation. We illustrate our argument briefly for six policy problems, and in depth with the examples of climate change, obesity, retirement savings, and pollution from plastic waste. We argue that the most important way in which behavioral scientists can contribute to public policy is by employing their skills to develop and implement value-creating system-level change.
Topics: Humans; Public Policy; Behavioral Sciences
PubMed: 36059098
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X22002023 -
American Journal of Public Health Jun 2022
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 35679553
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306841 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Policy is an important support for risk society to prevent and resolve crises. Based on the content analysis of the policy text and PMC-Index model, this paper takes...
Policy is an important support for risk society to prevent and resolve crises. Based on the content analysis of the policy text and PMC-Index model, this paper takes texts of 327 public health emergency response policies (PHERP) at the central level in China from 1989 to 2022 as the analysis object, designs an indicator system, and combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the existing policies. The results of content analysis indicate that current policy focuses on emergency rather than preventive control, the main policy-making and issuing authority is the Ministry of Health and policies are mostly issued in the form of notice. The PMC-Index of ten selected policies is all ranked above acceptable, which means that the overall quality of policy text is relatively high. However, the PMC-Surface shows that there is still considerable variability in the scores of the main indicators for each policy. The top three main scoring indicators are policy nature, policy evaluation and policy instrument, while the bottom three are policy time, policy release agency and policy target groups, which reminds us that the design of policy text can still be improved in terms of optimizing policy time, policy issuing institutions and expanding policy target groups. In response to these problems, this paper puts forward six suggestions for optimization.
Topics: China; Emergencies; Health Policy; Humans; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy
PubMed: 36232209
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912909 -
American Journal of Public Health Jan 2022
Topics: Built Environment; Humans; Legislation as Topic; Public Policy; Social Determinants of Health; Social Planning
PubMed: 34936427
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306595 -
Evaluation Review Jun 2024This chapter begins with an overview of recent developments that have encouraged and facilitated greater use of research syntheses, including Meta-Analysis, to guide...
This chapter begins with an overview of recent developments that have encouraged and facilitated greater use of research syntheses, including Meta-Analysis, to guide public policy and practice in education, workforce development, and social services. It discusses the role of Meta-Analysis for improving knowledge of the effectiveness of programs, policies, and practices and the applicability and generalizability of that knowledge to conditions other than those represented by the study samples and settings. The chapter concludes with recommendations for improving the potential of Meta-Analysis to accelerate knowledge development through changing how we design, conduct, and report findings of individual studies to maximize their usefulness in Meta-Analysis as well as how we produce and report Meta-Analysis findings. The paper includes references to resources supporting the recommendations.
Topics: Public Policy; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 38308503
DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241229885