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Allergology International : Official... Jan 2022The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of... (Review)
Review
The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbial diversity and overrepresentation of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Recent exciting studies have elucidated an importance of establishing an appropriate immune response to microbes in early life and uncovered the new mechanisms of microbial community dynamics in modulating our skin microbiome. Several microbes are associated with AD pathogenesis, with proposed pathogenic effects from S. aureus and Malassezia. The complex relationships between microbes within the skin microbiome consortia includes various species, such as Staphylococcal, Roseomonas and Cutibacterium strains, that can inhibit S. aureus and are potential probiotics for AD skin. Numerous microbes are now also reported to modulate host response via communication with keratinocytes, specialized immune cells and adipocytes to improve skin health and barrier function. This increased understanding of skin microbiota bioactives has led to new biotherapeutic approaches that target the skin surface microenvironment for AD treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus; Symptom Flare Up; Young Adult
PubMed: 34838450
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001 -
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Dec 2021Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch. Although it most often starts in infancy... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch. Although it most often starts in infancy and affects children, it is also highly prevalent in adults. In this article, the main aspects of AD have been updated, with a focus on the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, and it is evident that a strong genetic predisposition, epidermal dysfunction, skin microbiome abnormalities, immune dysregulation, and the neuroimmune system are critical in AD development. Mutations in the genes associated with disrupted epidermal barrier, exaggerated pathological inflammation and inadequate antimicrobial peptides can promote enhanced Th2 inflammation and mediate pruritus. Current understanding of etiology highlights gut microbial diversity, NK cell deficiency, and different immunological phenotype with age and race. For topical anti-inflammatory treatment for mild-to-severe AD, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE-4), JAK inhibitors, and microbiome transplantation with Roseomonas mucosa provided more management selections. The treatment of moderate-to-severe AD has been limited to merely symptomatic and relatively nonspecific immunosuppressive approaches. In-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of AD has led to the development of innovative and targeted therapies, such as biologic agents targeting interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and JAK/STAT inhibitors. Other potential therapeutic agents for AD include agents targeting the T helper (Th) 22 and Th17/IL23 pathway. Antipruritic therapy and complementary probiotics therapy have also been reviewed.
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans
PubMed: 34338977
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08880-3 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jan 2019As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome... (Review)
Review
As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome inhibits colonization with pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and is a crucial component for function of the epidermal barrier. Moreover, crosstalk between commensals and the immune system is now recognized because microorganisms can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Host-commensal interactions also have an effect on the developing immune system in infants and, subsequently, the occurrence of diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Later in life, the cutaneous microbiome contributes to the development and course of skin disease. Accordingly, in patients with AD, a decrease in microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity and increased colonization with pathogenic bacteria, such as S aureus. Early clinical studies suggest that topical application of commensal organisms (eg, Staphylococcus hominis or Roseomonas mucosa) reduces AD severity, which supports an important role for commensals in decreasing S aureus colonization in patients with AD. Advancing knowledge of the cutaneous microbiome and its function in modulating the course of skin disorders, such as AD, might result in novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 30476499
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2020An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, pink, convex, coccobacilli-shaped, mesophilic bacterium, designated strain BU-1, was isolated from an urban soil sample from...
An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, pink, convex, coccobacilli-shaped, mesophilic bacterium, designated strain BU-1, was isolated from an urban soil sample from Zibo city, Shandong province, PR China. The strain grew at 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5-10 (optimum, pH 7) and growth occurred with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0.5 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that BU-1 was closely related to members of the genus and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with JCM 15073 (97.8 %), JCM 14634 (96.9 %), JCM 15034 (96.5 %), and JCM 17520 (95.9 %). BU-1 also formed a subcluster with JCM 15073 and JCM 15034 in phylogenetic trees based on genomic sequences. The genome size of BU-1 was 5.79 Mb and the DNA G+C content was 71.7 %. ANI, dDDH and AAI values between BU-1 and JCM 15073 were 84.0, 27.2 and 86.7 %, respectively. Furthermore, the genome of BU-1 contained 5446 predicted protein coding genes and 4945 (90.8%) of them had classifiable functions. BU-1 contained Q-10 as the main ubiquinone. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3, summed feature 8 and C. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and five unidentified aminolipids. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that strain BU-1 is a representative of a novel species of the genus . Since strain BU-1 can reduce highly toxic selenite [Se(IV)] to low toxicity elemental selenium [Se(0)], the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BU-1 (=KACC 21750 =GDMCC 1.1776).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cities; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genome Size; Methylobacteriaceae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 33034554
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004496 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Feb 2022Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots...
Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318 and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 546 and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 were 98.3% identical to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915. In addition, a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546 and 1318. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains 546 and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM 14915. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The genomic G+C content of strains 546 and 1318 was 70.9% and 69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are proposed, with 546 (= GDMCC 1.1780 = JCM 34187) and 1318 (= GDMCC 1.1781 = JCM 34188) as type strains, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cardiolipins; DNA, Bacterial; Marmota; Methylobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ticks
PubMed: 34826100
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1428-1 -
Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence,... Sep 2020species have been recognized to cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of... (Review)
Review
species have been recognized to cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of infections in humans and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes of these infections in humans. We performed a systematic review of PubMed (through 20 Octrober 2019) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of species infections. A total of 37 studies, containing data of 99 patients, were included in the analysis. The most common infections were those of the bloodstream in 74.7% (74 patients), musculoskeletal infections in 8.1% (8 patients), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in 6.1% (6 patients) each. Epidemiology of these infections differed, with bacteremias being more prevalent in patients with malignancy and central venous lines, musculoskeletal infections being more prevalent after orthopedic surgery, and SSTIs occurring without any reported underlying cause. Resistance to beta-lactams was very high with penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam resistance and cephalosporin resistance at 96.6%, 90.7% and 77.8% respectively, while quinolone resistance was 9.1%. Quinolones, carbapenems and cephalosporins are the most common agents used for treatment, irrespectively of the infection site. Overall mortality was 3% (3 patients), with the mortality attributed to being at 1% (1 patient).
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Methylobacteriaceae
PubMed: 32619387
DOI: 10.1080/1120009X.2020.1785742 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022Three bacterial isolates, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccobacilli-shaped bacteria, strains OP-27, OP-5 and OP-30, were isolated from rice paddy soil. Phylogenetic...
Three bacterial isolates, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccobacilli-shaped bacteria, strains OP-27, OP-5 and OP-30, were isolated from rice paddy soil. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that three isolates belonged to the genus Roseomonas, showing the highest sequence similarities to Roseomonas sediminicola FW-3 (98.1%) and Roseomonas lacus TH-G33 (98.0%). The genome size of strain OP-27 was 5.2 Mb in a single contig with DNA G+C content of 71.2%. The genome included 5164 predicted protein-coding genes, as well as 48 tRNA, 4 rRNA and 4 mRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity value between strain OP-27 and type strains of related species of the genus Roseomonas were 81.1-83.1%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain OP-27 and the related strains were 24.6-26.8%, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains OP-27, OP-5 and OP-30 were 84-100% and its closest relative, Roseomonas sediminicola KACC 16616 was 21.1%. The major fatty acids were C ω7c, C 2-OH and C and predominant quinone was Q-10. Based on its distinctive phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the three strains are considered to represent novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas rosulenta sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OP-27 (=KACC 21501= NBRC 114497).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Methylobacteriaceae; Oryza; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil
PubMed: 35778570
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03014-5 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2022Three pale-red-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped, motile and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains MO17, MO41 and NPKOSM1, were isolated from rice paddy...
Three pale-red-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped, motile and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains MO17, MO41 and NPKOSM1, were isolated from rice paddy soil. Colonies were circular with entire edges, convex and pale red. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MO17, MO41 and NPKOSM1 belonged to the genus and were closely related to FW-3 (98.2 %), YC6724 (98.0 %), 5N26 (98.0 %), BUT-5 (97.8 %), YIM 78007 (97.7 %), TH-G33 (97.6 %) and DS-48 (96.8 %). The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains MO17, MO41 and NPKOSM1 were 84-92 %, and the values between the three strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were also below 70 %. The major cellular fatty acids were C 7, C and summed feature 3 (C 7c and/or iso-C 2OH). The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. Based on their distinctive phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the three strains are considered to represent novel species of the genus for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MO17 (=KACC 19933=NBRC 114495).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Methylobacteriaceae; Oryza; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 35171088
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005251 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2015Methylotrophy is the ability to use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol, as a single source of carbon and energy. Methanol is, due to its availability and... (Review)
Review
Methylotrophy is the ability to use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol, as a single source of carbon and energy. Methanol is, due to its availability and potential for production from renewable resources, a valuable feedstock for biotechnology. Nature offers a variety of methylotrophic microorganisms that differ in their metabolism and represent resources for engineering of value-added products from methanol. The most extensively studied methylotroph is the Alphaproteobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens. Over the past five decades, the metabolism of M. extorquens has been investigated physiologically, biochemically, and more recently, using complementary omics technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics. These approaches, together with a genome-scale metabolic model, facilitate system-wide studies and the development of rational strategies for the successful generation of desired products from methanol. This review summarizes the knowledge of methylotrophy in M. extorquens, as well as the available tools and biotechnological applications.
Topics: Carbon; Culture Media; Formaldehyde; Genome, Bacterial; Industrial Microbiology; Metabolomics; Methanol; Methylobacterium extorquens; Models, Molecular; Proteomics
PubMed: 25432674
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6240-3 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jul 2016Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase production from available land has resulted in deterioration of soil quality. To prevent further soil deterioration,... (Review)
Review
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase production from available land has resulted in deterioration of soil quality. To prevent further soil deterioration, the use of methylotrophic bacteria that have the ability to colonize different habitats, including soil, sediment, water, and both epiphytes and endophytes as host plants, has been suggested for sustainable agriculture. Methylotrophic bacteria are known to play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycle in soil ecosystems, ultimately fortifying plants and sustaining agriculture. Methylotrophs also improve air quality by using volatile organic compounds such as dichloromethane, formaldehyde, methanol, and formic acid. Additionally, methylotrophs are involved in phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon cycling and can help reduce global warming. In this review, different aspects of the interaction between methylotrophs and host plants are discussed, including the role of methylotrophs in phosphorus acquisition, nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, iron chelation, and plant growth promotion, and co-inoculation of these bacteria as biofertilizers for viable agriculture practices.
Topics: Agriculture; Biological Control Agents; Crops, Agricultural; Ecosystem; Endophytes; Fertilizers; Methylobacterium; Plant Roots; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 27263015
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2074-8