-
Allergology International : Official... Jan 2022The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of... (Review)
Review
The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbial diversity and overrepresentation of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Recent exciting studies have elucidated an importance of establishing an appropriate immune response to microbes in early life and uncovered the new mechanisms of microbial community dynamics in modulating our skin microbiome. Several microbes are associated with AD pathogenesis, with proposed pathogenic effects from S. aureus and Malassezia. The complex relationships between microbes within the skin microbiome consortia includes various species, such as Staphylococcal, Roseomonas and Cutibacterium strains, that can inhibit S. aureus and are potential probiotics for AD skin. Numerous microbes are now also reported to modulate host response via communication with keratinocytes, specialized immune cells and adipocytes to improve skin health and barrier function. This increased understanding of skin microbiota bioactives has led to new biotherapeutic approaches that target the skin surface microenvironment for AD treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus; Symptom Flare Up; Young Adult
PubMed: 34838450
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jan 2019As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome... (Review)
Review
As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome inhibits colonization with pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and is a crucial component for function of the epidermal barrier. Moreover, crosstalk between commensals and the immune system is now recognized because microorganisms can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Host-commensal interactions also have an effect on the developing immune system in infants and, subsequently, the occurrence of diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Later in life, the cutaneous microbiome contributes to the development and course of skin disease. Accordingly, in patients with AD, a decrease in microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity and increased colonization with pathogenic bacteria, such as S aureus. Early clinical studies suggest that topical application of commensal organisms (eg, Staphylococcus hominis or Roseomonas mucosa) reduces AD severity, which supports an important role for commensals in decreasing S aureus colonization in patients with AD. Advancing knowledge of the cutaneous microbiome and its function in modulating the course of skin disorders, such as AD, might result in novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 30476499
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Feb 2022Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots...
Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318 and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 546 and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 were 98.3% identical to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915. In addition, a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546 and 1318. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains 546 and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM 14915. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The genomic G+C content of strains 546 and 1318 was 70.9% and 69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are proposed, with 546 (= GDMCC 1.1780 = JCM 34187) and 1318 (= GDMCC 1.1781 = JCM 34188) as type strains, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cardiolipins; DNA, Bacterial; Marmota; Methylobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ticks
PubMed: 34826100
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1428-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The genus is a significant group of bacteria which is invariably of great clinical and ecological importance. Previous studies have shown that the genus is...
The genus is a significant group of bacteria which is invariably of great clinical and ecological importance. Previous studies have shown that the genus is polyphyletic in nature. Our present study focused on generating a lucid understanding of the phylogenetic framework for the re-evaluation and reclassification of the genus Phylogenetic studies based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 concatenated genes suggested that the genus is heterogeneous, forming seven major groups. Existing species were subjected to an array of genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses in order to resolve the heterogeneity. Genomic similarity indices (DDH and ANI) indicated that the members were well-defined at the species level. The Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP) and the average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) values between the groups of the genus and other interspersing members of the family were below 65 and 70%, respectively. The pan-genome evaluation depicted that the pan-genome was an open type and the members shared 958 core genes. This claim of reclassification was equally supported by the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between the groups. Thus, in this study, we propose to re-evaluate and reclassify the genus and propose six novel genera as gen. nov., gen. nov., gen. nov., gen. nov., gen. nov., and gen. nov.
PubMed: 34484138
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677842 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology 2019Chloromethane is a halogenated volatile organic compound, produced in large quantities by terrestrial vegetation. After its release to the troposphere and transport to... (Review)
Review
Chloromethane is a halogenated volatile organic compound, produced in large quantities by terrestrial vegetation. After its release to the troposphere and transport to the stratosphere, its photolysis contributes to the degradation of stratospheric ozone. A better knowledge of chloromethane sources (production) and sinks (degradation) is a prerequisite to estimate its atmospheric budget in the context of global warming. The degradation of chloromethane by methylotrophic communities in terrestrial environments is a major underestimated chloromethane sink. Methylotrophs isolated from soils, marine environments and more recently from the phyllosphere have been grown under laboratory conditions using chloromethane as the sole carbon source. In addition to anaerobes that degrade chloromethane, the majority of cultivated strains were isolated in aerobiosis for their ability to use chloromethane as sole carbon and energy source. Among those, the Proteobacterium (recently reclassified as ) harbours the only characterisized 'chloromethane utilization' () pathway, so far. This pathway is not representative of chloromethane-utilizing populations in the environment as genes are rare in metagenomes. Recently, combined 'omics' biological approaches with chloromethane carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation measurements in microcosms, indicated that microorganisms in soils and the phyllosphere (plant aerial parts) represent major sinks of chloromethane in contrast to more recently recognized microbe-inhabited environments, such as clouds. Cultivated chloromethane-degraders lacking the genes display a singular isotope fractionation signature of chloromethane. Moreover, 13CH3Cl labelling of active methylotrophic communities by stable isotope probing in soils identify taxa that differ from the taxa known for chloromethane degradation. These observations suggest that new biomarkers for detecting active microbial chloromethane-utilizers in the environment are needed to assess the contribution of microorganisms to the global chloromethane cycle.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Energy Metabolism; Geologic Sediments; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methanol; Methyl Chloride; Methylobacterium; Methylophilaceae; Methyltransferases; Proteobacteria; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 31166190
DOI: 10.21775/cimb.033.149 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Ticks are the most important obligate blood-feeding vectors of human pathogens. With the advance of high-throughput sequencing, more and more bacterial community and...
INTRODUCTION
Ticks are the most important obligate blood-feeding vectors of human pathogens. With the advance of high-throughput sequencing, more and more bacterial community and virome in tick has been reported, which seems to pose a great threat to people.
METHODS
A total of 14 skin specimens collected from tick-bite patients with mild to severe symptoms were analyzed through meta-transcriptomic sequencings.
RESULTS
Four bacteria genera were both detected in the skins and ticks, including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium, and three tick-associated viruses, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), Bole tick virus 4 (BLTV4) and Deer tick mononegavirales-like virus (DTMV) were identified in the skin samples. Except of known pathogens such as pathogenic rickettsia, Coxiella burnetii and JMTV, we suggest Roseomonas cervicalis and BLTV4 as potential new agents amplified in the skins and then disseminated into the blood. As early as 1 day after a tick-bite, these pathogens can transmit to skins and at most four ones can co-infect in skins.
DISCUSSION
Advances in sequencing technologies have revealed that the diversity of tick microbiome and virome goes far beyond our previous understanding. This report not only identifies three new potential pathogens in humans but also shows that the skin barrier is vital in preventing horizontal transmissions of tick-associated bacteria or virus communities to the host. It is the first research on patients' skin infectome after a tick bite and demonstrates that more attention should be paid to the cutaneous response to prevent tick-borne illness.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Tick Bites; Ticks; Skin; Coxiella burnetii; Rickettsia; Viruses; Tick-Borne Diseases
PubMed: 36923591
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1113992 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2020Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal conditions requiring emergency surgery. However, acute appendicitis in patients with leukemia is a rare condition. We... (Review)
Review
Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal conditions requiring emergency surgery. However, acute appendicitis in patients with leukemia is a rare condition. We report herein the case of an 18-year-old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who was hospitalized in hematology department because of abdominal pain and fever. Ultrasound (US) of the abdomen revealed appendicitis and the patients underwent open appendectomy. The patient recovered without complications and was discharged in a good condition. The day of the operation blood and peritoneal fluid cultures were taken and Roseomonas gilardii was detected and healed empirically. The correct diagnosis of appendicitis in patients with leukemia and their management is challenging for physicians. Very rare microorganisms can be detected in these patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Leukemia; Methylobacteriaceae
PubMed: 33117477
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.283.24834 -
BioMed Research International 2015The genus Methylobacterium is composed of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, which are able to synthesize carotenoids and grow on reduced organic... (Review)
Review
The genus Methylobacterium is composed of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, which are able to synthesize carotenoids and grow on reduced organic compounds containing one carbon (C1), such as methanol and methylamine. Due to their high phenotypic plasticity, these bacteria are able to colonize different habitats, such as soil, water, and sediment, and different host plants as both endophytes and epiphytes. In plant colonization, the frequency and distribution may be influenced by plant genotype or by interactions with other associated microorganisms, which may result in increasing plant fitness. In this review, different aspects of interactions with the host plant are discussed, including their capacity to fix nitrogen, nodule the host plant, produce cytokinins, auxin and enzymes involved in the induction of systemic resistance, such as pectinase and cellulase, and therefore plant growth promotion. In addition, bacteria belonging to this group can be used to reduce environmental contamination because they are able to degrade toxic compounds, tolerate high heavy metal concentrations, and increase plant tolerance to these compounds. Moreover, genome sequencing and omics approaches have revealed genes related to plant-bacteria interactions that may be important for developing strains able to promote plant growth and protection against phytopathogens.
Topics: Biotechnology; Carbon; Ecosystem; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Methylobacterium; Plants
PubMed: 25861650
DOI: 10.1155/2015/909016 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Apr 2022
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35452188
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.828 -
IDCases 2023rarely causes infection in humans. We report that a patient with underlying rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes developed wrist septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to...
rarely causes infection in humans. We report that a patient with underlying rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes developed wrist septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to after steroid joint injection. After antibiotic and surgical treatment, the condition of the patient improved. We reviewed previously reported cases of soft tissue, joint and bone infection related to to understand the characteristics of joint and bone infection of .
PubMed: 37234729
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01792