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Access Microbiology Mar 2021Both bacterial and aseptic meningitis can complicate neurosurgery, but they are often difficult to distinguish clinically or by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. We...
Both bacterial and aseptic meningitis can complicate neurosurgery, but they are often difficult to distinguish clinically or by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. We present an adolescent with subacute meningitis after neurosurgery, eventually diagnosed with meningitis caused by via 16S rRNA gene sequencing after two negative CSF cultures. He was treated successfully with intravenous meropenem with full recovery. This case shows that distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis is important to allow directed antibiotic therapy. We recommend considering bacterial meningitis in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis complicating neurosurgery, and to perform molecular diagnostics such as bacterial sequencing if the suspicion of bacterial meningitis is high.
PubMed: 34151165
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000213 -
PloS One 2023We recently used EPA databases to identify that isocyanates, most notably toluene diisocyanate (TDI), were the pollutant class with the strongest spatiotemporal and...
We recently used EPA databases to identify that isocyanates, most notably toluene diisocyanate (TDI), were the pollutant class with the strongest spatiotemporal and epidemiologic association with atopic dermatitis (AD). Our findings demonstrated that isocyanates like TDI disrupted lipid homeostasis and modeled benefit in commensal bacteria like Roseomonas mucosa through disrupting nitrogen fixation. However, TDI has also been established to activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in mice and thus could directly contribute to AD through induction of itch, rash, and psychological stress. Using cell culture and mouse models, we now demonstrate that TDI induced skin inflammation in mice as well as calcium influx in human neurons; each of these findings were dependent on TRPA1. Furthermore, TRPA1 blockade synergized with R. mucosa treatment in mice to improve TDI-independent models of AD. Finally, we show that the cellular effects of TRPA1 are related to shifting the balance of the tyrosine metabolites epinephrine and dopamine. This work provides added insight into the potential role, and therapeutic potential, or TRPA1 in the pathogenesis of AD.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Dermatitis, Atopic; Exanthema; Pruritus; Isocyanates; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate; Cytoskeletal Proteins; TRPA1 Cation Channel
PubMed: 36877675
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282569 -
Acta Neurochirurgica Oct 2020Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is an adequate treatment for congenital hydrocephalus or chronic hydrocephalus in adults. Yet, it is a surgery associated with a...
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is an adequate treatment for congenital hydrocephalus or chronic hydrocephalus in adults. Yet, it is a surgery associated with a significant rate of complications amongst neurosurgical procedures, with frequent shunt obstructions and infections. We report the first-ever case of peritonitis caused by Roseomonas mucosa, shortly after the revision of a VPS ventricular catheter. Hardware removal and proper antibiotic therapy led to the patient's recovery. Roseomonas mucosa is an opportunistic skin pathogen with an antibiotic resistance profile to many beta-lactamines and a tropism for indwelling catheters and post-operative period. Nowadays, it should be taken into account in case of infection of indwelling catheters and for some implantable medical devices.
Topics: Adult; Catheters, Indwelling; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Methylobacteriaceae; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
PubMed: 32535796
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04449-9 -
Science Advances Jan 2023Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition increasing in industrial nations at a pace that suggests environmental drivers. We hypothesize that the...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition increasing in industrial nations at a pace that suggests environmental drivers. We hypothesize that the dysbiosis associated with AD may signal microbial adaptations to modern pollutants. Having previously modeled the benefits of health-associated , we now show that fixes nitrogen in the production of protective glycerolipids and their ceramide by-products. Screening EPA databases against the clinical visit rates identified diisocyanates as the strongest predictor of AD. Diisocyanates disrupted the production of beneficial lipids and therapeutic modeling for isolates of as well as commensal . Last, while topical failed to meet commercial end points in a placebo-controlled trial, the subgroup who completed the full protocol demonstrated sustained, clinically modest, but statistically significant clinical improvements that differed by study site diisocyanate levels. Therefore, diisocyanates show temporospatial and epidemiological association with AD while also inducing eczematous dysbiosis.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dysbiosis; Isocyanates; Prevalence; Bacteria; Skin
PubMed: 36608129
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8898 -
Infection & Chemotherapy Sep 2015Roseomonas are a gram-negative bacteria species that have been isolated from environmental sources. Human Roseomonas infections typically occur in immunocompromised...
Roseomonas are a gram-negative bacteria species that have been isolated from environmental sources. Human Roseomonas infections typically occur in immunocompromised patients, most commonly as catheter-related bloodstream infections. However, Roseomonas infections are rarely reported in immunocompetent hosts. We report what we believe to be the first case in Korea of infectious spondylitis with bacteremia due to Roseomonas mucosa in an immunocompetent patient who had undergone vertebroplasty for compression fractures of his thoracic and lumbar spine.
PubMed: 26483995
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2015.47.3.194 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2024Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic, relapsing, and remitting inflammatory skin disorder associated with cutaneous dysbiosis. Current treatment options often fail to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, 16-Week Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FB-401 in Children, Adolescents, and Adult Subjects (Ages 2 Years and Older) with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis.
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic, relapsing, and remitting inflammatory skin disorder associated with cutaneous dysbiosis. Current treatment options often fail to adequately control the disease and have unfavorable safety profiles. There is a need for new options that address these treatment shortcomings.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of FB-401, a live therapeutic product of 3 strains of Roseomonas mucosa, compared to matching placebo applied topically 3 times per week to participants ages ≥2 years of age with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.
METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with 50% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index score from baseline at week 16. 154 subjects aged 2 or older with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis as defined by Hanifin and Rajka criteria with mild or moderate severity were randomized 1:1 via interactive web response system to FB-401 or placebo.
RESULTS
The proportion of subjects who achieved the primary outcome was similar between both treatment groups, with no significant treatment group differences observed at any post-baseline visit. The number of treatment-emergent adverse events and the number of subjects with at least one were similar across treatment groups. One serious adverse event not related to treatment was reported. No treatment-emergent adverse events led to treatment discontinuation or study discontinuation.
CONCLUSIONS
FB-401 showed an acceptable safety profile but failed to prove superior to placebo in treating children and adults with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Treatment Outcome; Severity of Illness Index; Administration, Cutaneous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37579728
DOI: 10.1159/000532054 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Nov 2023is a bacterium that is found in the natural microbiota of human skin. Here, we present sequence assemblies from isolated from the skin microflora of three healthy...
is a bacterium that is found in the natural microbiota of human skin. Here, we present sequence assemblies from isolated from the skin microflora of three healthy human volunteers that were used to treat atopic dermatitis patients.
PubMed: 37819097
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00520-23 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Feb 2020The efficacy of antibiotics in rosacea treatment suggests a role for microorganisms in its pathophysiology. Growing concern over the adverse effects of antibiotic use...
BACKGROUND
The efficacy of antibiotics in rosacea treatment suggests a role for microorganisms in its pathophysiology. Growing concern over the adverse effects of antibiotic use presents a need for targeted antimicrobial treatment in rosacea.
OBJECTIVE
We performed a case-control study to investigate the skin microbiota in patients with rosacea compared to controls matched by age, sex, and race.
METHODS
Nineteen participants with rosacea, erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, or both, were matched to 19 rosacea-free controls. DNA was extracted from skin swabs of the nose and bilateral cheeks of participants. Sequencing of the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME/MetaStats 2.0 software.
RESULTS
Compared with controls, skin microbiota in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea was depleted in Roseomonas mucosa (p = 0.004). Papulopustular rosacea was enriched in Campylobacter ureolyticus (p = 0.001), Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii (p = 0.008), and the oral flora Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.001). The highest relative abundance of C. kroppenstedtii was observed in patients with both erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular rosacea (19.2%), followed by papulopustular (5.06%) and erythematotelangiectatic (1.21%) rosacea. C. kroppenstedtii was also associated with more extensive disease, with the highest relative abundance in rosacea affecting both the cheeks and nose (2.82%), followed by rosacea sparing the nose (1.93%), and controls (0.19%).
CONCLUSIONS
The skin microbiota in individuals with rosacea displays changes from that of healthy skin, suggesting that further studies examining a potential role for the skin microbiota in the pathophysiology of rosacea may be warranted.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Rosacea; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 31502207
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00471-5 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Aug 2016Roseomonas spp. are increasingly involved in human infectious diseases. The environmental source for infection is generally admitted in published cases owing to the...
Roseomonas spp. are increasingly involved in human infectious diseases. The environmental source for infection is generally admitted in published cases owing to the origin of most Roseomonas species and to their affiliation to the family Acetobacteraceae in Rhodospirillales, which mainly groups environmental bacteria. For a better delineation of Roseomonas habitat and infectious reservoir, we related phenotype, phylotype (16S rRNA gene), genomotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and origin of 33 strains isolated from humans, hospital environment and natural environment. Genetic and metagenomic databases were also surveyed. The population structure of the genus showed clades associated with humans, whereas others grouped environmental strains only. Roseomonas mucosa is the main human-associated species and the study supported the idea that opportunistic infections due to this species are related to the patient skin microbiota rather than to the environment. In contrast, some strains belonging to other species isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis were related to environmental clades, suggesting an exogenous source for patient colonization. Accurate knowledge about the reservoirs of opportunistic pathogens that have long been considered of environmental origin is still needed and would be helpful to improve infection control and epidemiological survey of emerging human pathogens.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Environmental Microbiology; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Methylobacteriaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Opportunistic Infections; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin
PubMed: 27269884
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.024 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology May 2018Tattooing and use of permanent makeup (PMU) has dramatically increased over the last decade, with a concomitant increase in ink-related infections. The aim of this study...
AIMS
Tattooing and use of permanent makeup (PMU) has dramatically increased over the last decade, with a concomitant increase in ink-related infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether micro-organisms are present, and if so, the number and their identification in the commercial tattoo and PMU inks available in the United States.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We surveyed 85 unopened tattoo and PMU inks, purchased from 13 companies. We incubated 100 μl of ink samples on trypticase soy agar plates for bacterial growth, 7H10 Middlebrook medium for mycobacterial growth, and Sabouraud dextrose medium for fungal growth. In total, 42 inks were contaminated with micro-organisms (49%). Thirty-three inks were contaminated with bacteria, 2 inks with fungi, and 7 inks had both bacterial and fungal growth. Mycobacteria were not detected in any of the examined tattoo and PMU inks. In 26 inks, microbial concentrations ranged between 10 and 10 CFU per ml, but higher counts (>10 CFU per ml) were recorded in 16 inks. We identified 83 bacteria by their 16S rDNA sequences, including 20 genera and 49 species. Strains of Bacillus spp. (53%) were dominant, followed by Lysinibacillus fusiformis (7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%). Thirty-four (41%) possibly clinically relevant strains were identified, including P. aeruginosa, Dermacoccus barathri and Roseomonas mucosa, some of which have been previously reported to be associated with human skin infections.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that commercial tattoo and PMU inks on the US market surveyed in this study contain a wide range of micro-organisms, including pathogenic bacteria.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Microbial contaminants in tattoo and PMU inks are an emerging safety concern for public health. This study provides evidence that microbial contamination of tattoo and PMU inks available in the United States is more common than previously thought and highlights the importance of monitoring these products for potentially pathogenic micro-organisms.
Topics: Bacteria; Cosmetics; Fungi; Humans; Ink; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tattooing; United States
PubMed: 29388315
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13713