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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jan 2019As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome... (Review)
Review
As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome inhibits colonization with pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and is a crucial component for function of the epidermal barrier. Moreover, crosstalk between commensals and the immune system is now recognized because microorganisms can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Host-commensal interactions also have an effect on the developing immune system in infants and, subsequently, the occurrence of diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Later in life, the cutaneous microbiome contributes to the development and course of skin disease. Accordingly, in patients with AD, a decrease in microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity and increased colonization with pathogenic bacteria, such as S aureus. Early clinical studies suggest that topical application of commensal organisms (eg, Staphylococcus hominis or Roseomonas mucosa) reduces AD severity, which supports an important role for commensals in decreasing S aureus colonization in patients with AD. Advancing knowledge of the cutaneous microbiome and its function in modulating the course of skin disorders, such as AD, might result in novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 30476499
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Feb 2019Roseomonas mucosa, as a Gram-negative coccobacilli, is an opportunistic pathogen that has rarely been reported in human infections. Here we describe a case of bacteremia... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Roseomonas mucosa, as a Gram-negative coccobacilli, is an opportunistic pathogen that has rarely been reported in human infections. Here we describe a case of bacteremia in an infective endocarditis patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
CASE PRESENTATIONS
A 44-year-old female patient with SLE suffered bacteremia caused by Roseomonas mucosa complicated with infective endocarditis (IE). The patient started on treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin against Roseomonas mucosa, which was switched after 4 days to meropenem and amikacin for an additional 2 weeks. She had a favorable outcome with a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Roseomonas mucosa is rarely reported in IE patients; therefore, we report the case in order to improve our ability to identify this pathogen and expand the range of known bacterial causes of infective endocarditis.
Topics: Adult; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Levofloxacin; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Methylobacteriaceae; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
PubMed: 30755159
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3774-0 -
Science Translational Medicine Sep 2020Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously reported first-in-human safety... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously reported first-in-human safety and clinical activity results from topical application of the commensal skin bacterium for the treatment of AD in 10 adults and 5 children older than 9 years of age. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of action of treatment and its impact on children with AD less than 7 years of age, the most common age group for children with AD. In 15 children with AD, treatment was associated with amelioration of disease severity, improvement in epithelial barrier function, reduced burden on the skin, and a reduction in topical steroid requirements without severe adverse events. Our observed response rates to treatment were greater than those seen in historical placebo control groups in prior AD studies. Skin improvements and colonization by persisted for up to 8 months after cessation of treatment. Analyses of cellular scratch assays and the MC903 mouse model of AD suggested that production of sphingolipids by , cholinergic signaling, and flagellin expression may have contributed to therapeutic impact through induction of a TNFR2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of treatment in individuals with AD is warranted and implicate commensals in the maintenance of the skin epithelial barrier.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Humans; Lipids; Methylobacteriaceae; Skin
PubMed: 32908007
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8631 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Dec 2017Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is an infrequently reported entity. Although Roseomonas mucosa has been reported to cause systemic infections in immunosuppressed...
BACKGROUND
Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is an infrequently reported entity. Although Roseomonas mucosa has been reported to cause systemic infections in immunosuppressed individuals, ocular infection due to Roseomonas has been rarely reported in literature previously.
FINDINGS
A 74-year-old diabetic was diagnosed to have Klebsiella urinary tract infection and septicemia following which he developed ocular pain and redness. Further investigation revealed endophthalmitis with subretinal abscess and retinal detachment. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with drainage of the abscess and silicone oil tamponade. The subretinal aspirate was found to contain R. mucosa confirmed on culture and PCR.
CONCLUSION
Microbiological evaluation of the subretinal purulent material revealed pink-colored colonies. Nested PCR was positive for detection of the eubacterial genome as well as for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome (Ref)-targeting MPB64 gene. PCR examination of the subretinal pus sample ruled out M. tuberculosis and confirmed R. mucosa. The occurrence of Roseomonas endogenous endophthalmitis presenting as a subretinal abscess has not yet been reported in English literature so far to the best of our knowledge.
PubMed: 28130734
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-017-0123-6 -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2017The genus Roseomonas comprises a group of pink-pigmented, slow-growing, aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, which have been isolated from environmental...
OBJECTIVE
The genus Roseomonas comprises a group of pink-pigmented, slow-growing, aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, which have been isolated from environmental sources such as water and soil, but are also associated with human infections. In the study presented here, Roseomonas mucosa was identified for the first time as part of the endodontic microbiota of an infected root canal and characterised in respect to growth, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation.
RESULTS
The isolated R. mucosa strain showed strong slime formation and was resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, while it was susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenemes, fluorochinolones, polymyxines, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. Biofilm formation on artificial surfaces (glass, polystyrene, gutta-percha) and on teeth was tested using colorimetric and fluorescence microscopic assays. While solid biofilms were formed on glass surfaces, on the hydrophobic surface of gutta-percha points, no confluent but localised, spotty biofilms were observed. Furthermore, R. mucosa was able form biofilms on dentin. The data obtained indicate that R. mucosa can support establishment of endodontic biofilms and furthermore, infected root canals might serve as an entrance pathway for blood stream infections by this emerging pathogen.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota
PubMed: 28615078
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2538-4 -
IDCases 2018species is rarely found to be pathogenic to humans and there are few clinical cases that have been described in the literature. We report a case of bacteremia that...
species is rarely found to be pathogenic to humans and there are few clinical cases that have been described in the literature. We report a case of bacteremia that involved a 9-year-old Japanese boy who was in a condition of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Conventional phenotyping failed to identify the organism; however, genetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed the pathogen to be . The patient recovered following treatment by meropenem without any complications. A literature review of pediatric cases of bacteremia identified 12 other documented cases, and these revealed that a common clinical situation for the infection is an immunocompromised state with malignancy and/or an indwelling intravenous catheter. Because of the low number of cases, the overall picture of bacteremia in children remains to be elucidated; however, the prognosis of the infection appears to be satisfactory.
PubMed: 30479963
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00469 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2023Roseomonas mucosa (R. mucosa) is a pink-pigmented, Gram-negative short rod bacterium. It is isolated from moist environments and skin, resistant to multiple drugs,...
BACKGROUND
Roseomonas mucosa (R. mucosa) is a pink-pigmented, Gram-negative short rod bacterium. It is isolated from moist environments and skin, resistant to multiple drugs, including broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and a rare cause of infection with limited reports. R. mucosa mostly causes catheter-related bloodstream infections, with even fewer reports of skin and soft tissue infections.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 10-year-old boy received topical steroid treatment for sebum-deficient eczema. A few days before the visit, he was bitten by an insect on the front of his right lower leg and scratched it due to itching. The day before the visit, redness, swelling, and mild pain in the same area were observed. Based on his symptoms, he was diagnosed with cellulitis. He was treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and his symptoms improved. Pus culture revealed R. mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS
We report a rare case of cellulitis caused by R. mucosa. Infections caused by rare organisms that cause opportunistic infections, such as R. mucosa, should be considered in patients with compromised skin barrier function and regular topical steroid use. Gram stain detection of organisms other than Gram-positive cocci should be considered.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Cellulitis; Soft Tissue Infections; Methylobacteriaceae; Steroids
PubMed: 38082373
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08875-9 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2023() is a pink-pigmented, aerobic, nonfermentative, slow-growing Gram-negative coccus typically isolated from the natural environment, human skin, and hospital...
() is a pink-pigmented, aerobic, nonfermentative, slow-growing Gram-negative coccus typically isolated from the natural environment, human skin, and hospital environment. This pathogen, in most circumstances, leads to infections in immunocompromised hosts, but it may sometimes invade immunocompetent individuals. Bacteraemia is the most common form of infection caused by . In contrast, only two case reports have described -related epidural abscess formation and infective spondylitis. In this case report, we shared the history and treatment experience of a 76-year-old female who was diagnosed with infective spondylitis and epidural abscess caused by . She received a local transdermal injection into the lower back to relieve her back pain two months before symptom onset, which was considered to be associated with this infection episode. After admission to the hospital, neurosurgeons performed emergent decompression and debridement. She was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for four weeks, followed by oral ciprofloxacin for another eight weeks. The patient recovered well without any sequelae and had no relapse of infection at least six months after the end of treatment. In addition to the case report, we reviewed the literature for reported cases caused by . Our experience suggests that clinicians should include as one of the possible healthcare-associated pathogens among individuals who have undergone transdermal procedures. We believe that this article will help clinicians better recognize infection.
PubMed: 37261246
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6332814 -
Case Reports in Nephrology 2021species, a rare Gram-negative microorganism, has seldom been reported to cause peritonitis in end-stage renal disease patients on peritoneal dialysis. Only seven cases...
species, a rare Gram-negative microorganism, has seldom been reported to cause peritonitis in end-stage renal disease patients on peritoneal dialysis. Only seven cases of peritonitis by this rare microorganism have been reported worldwide. Treatment options can be challenging if not detected early and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality along with the switching of the dialysis modality to hemodialysis which is highly undesirable. Our patient is a 65-year-old Caucasian female who needed to be changed to emergency hemodialysis due to inability to perform peritoneal dialysis from suspected peritonitis and was subsequently discovered to have peritonitis from . She recovered with a prolonged antibiotics course and returned to peritoneal dialysis in 3 months following her treatment completion. Prompt diagnosis and prolonged antibiotics are a cornerstone in the management of this rare microorganism to prevent mortality and morbidity from peritonitis.
PubMed: 34760324
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1979332 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023Radiation methods are widely used for disinfection and sterilization applications. Microorganisms demonstrate known, variable tolerance levels to inactivation with lower...
Radiation methods are widely used for disinfection and sterilization applications. Microorganisms demonstrate known, variable tolerance levels to inactivation with lower doses of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation based on multiple mechanisms of resistance in their structures and nucleic acid repair mechanisms. The radiation dose required to ensure microbial inactivation during sterilization is typically based on the understanding and routine monitoring of the natural population and resistance of microorganisms on products exposed to radiation sterilization processes. This report describes the isolation of in a device manufacturing environment that was detected during routine device bioburden and dose verification monitoring. Sources of Gram-negative bacteria in the environment were investigated. Non-sterile examination gloves used during manufacturing were found to be a persistent source of and other microbial contaminants. The source of contamination was determined to be from the glove manufacturing process. Maintenance and routine microbiological controls during glove manufacturing, including water systems, are required to reduce the risks of gloves being a source of unexpected microbiological contamination.
PubMed: 38138003
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122859