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Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2020Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep...
Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep wrinkles, dryness, decreased procollagen production, and degradation of collagen. Novel materials are needed to prevent the aging of the skin by blocking the effects of UV. Safflower seed oil ( L., SSO) contains significantly high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. SSO has been traditionally used in China, Japan, and Korea to improve skin and hair. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of SSO and its active compound acacetin on UVB-induced skin photoaging in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). SSO inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) at both protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 is known to play important roles in collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. Acacetin, a type of flavonoid, is present in SSO. Similar to SSO, acacetin also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 mRNA is primarily regulated by the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Acacetin regulated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and c-jun, but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate that SSO and its active compound acacetin can prevent UVB-induced MMP-1 expression, which leads to skin photoaging, and may therefore have therapeutic potential as an anti-wrinkle agent to improve skin health.
Topics: Carthamus tinctorius; Cell Survival; Fibroblasts; Flavones; HaCaT Cells; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Phosphorylation; Safflower Oil; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32522955
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03064 -
Metabolites Jun 2020Safflower ( L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration... (Review)
Review
Safflower ( L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics datasets, has provided more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical composition of crop plants for multiple applications. Knowledge of a metabolome of plant is crucial to optimize the evolution of crop traits, improve crop yields and quality, and ensure nutritional and health factors that provide the opportunity to produce functional food or feedstuffs. Safflower contains numerous chemical components that possess many pharmacological activities including central nervous, cardiac, vascular, anticoagulant, reproductive, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and metabolic activities, providing many other human health benefits. In addition to classical metabolite studies, this review focuses on several metabolite-based working techniques and updates to provide a summary of the current medical applications of safflower.
PubMed: 32560514
DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060253 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2015Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid... (Review)
Review
Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid emulsions play a critical role in providing an energy-dense source of calories and supplying the essential fatty acids that cannot be endogenously synthesized. Over the last 50 y, lipid emulsions have been an important component of parenteral nutrition (PN), and over the last 10-15 y many new lipid emulsions have been manufactured with the goal of improving safety and efficacy profiles and achieving physiologically optimal formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the components of lipid emulsions, their role in PN, and to discuss the lipid emulsions available for intravenous use. Finally, the role of parenteral fat emulsions in the pathogenesis and management of PN-associated liver disease in PN-dependent pediatric patients is reviewed.
Topics: Coconut Oil; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fish Oils; Humans; Liver Diseases; Olive Oil; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Plant Oils; Safflower Oil; Soybean Oil
PubMed: 26374182
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009084 -
Public Health Nutrition Oct 2021This study examined the association between predominant vegetable oil consumed and BMI of adult women and men in India, with emphasis on predominant consumption of...
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the association between predominant vegetable oil consumed and BMI of adult women and men in India, with emphasis on predominant consumption of mustard oil.
DESIGN
Two nationally representative data, the consumer expenditure survey of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)-68th round (2011-2012) for food consumption and National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) for weight status, were analysed. Data from both surveys were combined by matching households through common matching variables ('family size', 'religion', etc.) using Nearest-Neighbour Hot-Deck matching. The association of overweight/obesity with predominant mustard oil consumption in the household was examined using logistic regression adjusted for confounders. The NSSO reports household consumption of mustard, groundnut, coconut, refined oils (sunflower, safflower, soyabean) and all other edible oils.
SETTING
Two nationally representative surveys from India.
PARTICIPANTS
Total of 638 445 women and 92 312 men, respectively.
RESULTS
Mustard oil was the most predominantly consumed oil (51 %) followed by refined oils (32·4 %). Prevalence of overweight/obesity in women and men was lower in households with predominant mustard oil consumption (17 and 15 %) v. all other refined and other oils combined (27 and 26 %). The adjusted OR for predominant mustard oil use was 0·88 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·87) for women and 0·80 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·83) for men. A similar analysis with predominant groundnut oil consumption showed no association with overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
The data from a large national level survey suggest an inverse association between mustard oil consumption and overweight/obesity which needs to be explored with further research studies.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Humans; India; Mustard Plant; Plant Oils
PubMed: 33190676
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020004632 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Surimi-based products occupy an important position in the aquatic product processing industry. To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, the effects of...
Surimi-based products occupy an important position in the aquatic product processing industry. To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, the effects of pre-emulsified safflower seed oil on the texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of surimi gel was evaluated. The texture and whiteness of the gel were improved, and the WHC increased ( < 0.05) as the content of safflower seed oil increased up to 2 mL per 100 g surimi. Furthermore, the drops of pre-emulsified safflower seed oils with an average diameter of less than 0.10 μm were evenly distributed in gel matrix. Microstructure and infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil acted as filler particles to occupy void spaces, resulting in gel exhibiting a dense network structure. Volatile analysis showed the gel containing pre-emulsified oil enriched volatile compounds, mainly resulting from the oxidation and decomposition of oils by the activation of lipoxygenase, which synergistically contributes to unique flavors of gel. Consequently, low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil can used to enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products. These findings are especially relevant to the current growing interest in low-fat and high-protein diets.
PubMed: 35200487
DOI: 10.3390/gels8020106 -
Food Chemistry. Molecular Sciences Jul 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing exercise training. The rats were assigned to four groups: standard diet and sedentary (SDS), high-fat diet and sedentary (HFDS), high-fat diet and training (HFDT), and high-fat diet, training, and safflower oil (HFDTSO) groups. HFD significantly increased the abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats. The safflower oil had no effect on the body weight and levels of blood glucose, TG, and TC, but it significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with an HFD while undergoing exercise training. Safflower oil supplementation reduced the abdominal fat in rats undergoing swimming training.
PubMed: 35415687
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100083 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022The oil body comprises lipid droplets surrounded by a surface embedded with oil body-related proteins. To form a drug delivery system, an oleosin can be fused with...
The oil body comprises lipid droplets surrounded by a surface embedded with oil body-related proteins. To form a drug delivery system, an oleosin can be fused with foreign proteins and bound to the oil body surface. Here, safflower oil bodies carrying oleosin-human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) were mixed with xanthan gum to form self-assembled polymers, referred as an oil body microgel emulsion (OBEME) without any chemical crosslinking agent. The physicochemical properties of OBEME were evaluated and compared with those of natural lipid droplets. The electrostatic interaction between xanthan gum and oil bodies prevents excessive cross-linking and forms a uniform network structure. The basic properties of OBEME were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, rheology, and thermogravimetric analysis. The OBEME is an interconnected network and presents a smooth surface without any pores; it remains stable at room temperature for 90 days, and is not affected by low-speed centrifugation and repeated freeze-thaw cycles as indicated by particle size, potential, and fluorescence microscopy analyses. The OBEME enlarges the skin tissue gap, enhances skin permeability, and shows a good slow-release effect in the transdermal absorption test in vivo. It demonstrates a wound healing effect; further, it regulates the inflammatory response of full-layer skin wounds in rats, as well as accelerate angiogenesis, and promote re-epithelialization and remodeling. The OBEME as a bioactive molecule-carbohydrate complex can effectively accelerate skin regeneration and has great translational potential to provide low-cost alternative wound care treatments.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Emulsions; Skin Absorption; Lipid Droplets; Microgels; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36126813
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.134 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Globally, abiotic stresses, such as temperature (heat or cold), water (drought and flooding), and salinity, cause significant losses in crop production and have adverse... (Review)
Review
Globally, abiotic stresses, such as temperature (heat or cold), water (drought and flooding), and salinity, cause significant losses in crop production and have adverse effects on plant growth and development. A variety of DNA-based molecular markers, such as SSRs, RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs, etc., have been used to screen germplasms for stress tolerance and the QTL mapping of stress-related genes. Such molecular-marker-assisted selection strategies can quicken the development of tolerant/resistant cultivars to withstand abiotic stresses. Oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, peanuts, soybeans, sunflower, safflower, sesame, flaxseed, and castor are the most important source of edible oil worldwide. Although oilseed crops are known for their capacity to withstand abiotic challenges, there is a significant difference between actual and potential yields due to the adaptation and tolerance to severe abiotic pressures. This review summarizes the applications of molecular markers to date to achieve abiotic stress tolerance in major oilseed crops. The molecular markers that have been reported for genetic diversity studies and the mapping and tagging of genes/QTLs for drought, heavy metal stress, salinity, flooding, cold and heat stress, and their application in the MAS are presented.
PubMed: 36676037
DOI: 10.3390/life13010088 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2022Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) has been widely recommended to treat metabolic disorders in traditional herbal medicine in Persia, China, Korea, Japan, and other... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil could improve abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) has been widely recommended to treat metabolic disorders in traditional herbal medicine in Persia, China, Korea, Japan, and other East-Asian countries. The anti-hypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of this plant have been well documented, but its protective effects against Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) have not been fully illustrated.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil on MetS risk factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 67 patients with MetS were administered either divided 8 g safflower oil or placebo daily for 12 weeks. All patients were advised to follow their previous diets and physical activities.
RESULTS
Safflower oil resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference (-2.42 ± 3.24 vs. 0.97 ± 2.53, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (-8.80 ± 9.77 vs. -2.26 ± 8.56, p = 0.021), diastolic blood pressure (-3.53 ± 7.52 vs. -0.70 ± 6.21, p = 0.041), fasting blood sugar (-5.03 ± 10.62 vs. 2.94 ± 7.57, p = 0.003), and insulin resistance (-0.59 ± 1.43 vs. 0.50 ± 1, p = 0.012), but an increase in adiponectin level (0.38 ± 0.99 vs. -0.09 ± 0.81, p = 0.042) in the treatment group in comparison to the placebo group. The results revealed a direct relationship between leptin level and Body Mass Index (BMI) in both groups (p<0.001). In addition, increase in BMI resulted in a non-significant decrease in adiponectin level in both groups. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding lipid profiles, leptin serum level, serum creatinine concentration, and other outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Safflower oil without lifestyle modification improved abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance in patients with MetS.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Mass Index; Carthamus tinctorius; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Medicine, Persian; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity, Abdominal; Phytotherapy; Safflower Oil; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34487844
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114590 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Avocado oil is a food product of high commercial and nutritional value. As a result, it can be a subject of adulteration similar to other high-value edible oils, such as...
Avocado oil is a food product of high commercial and nutritional value. As a result, it can be a subject of adulteration similar to other high-value edible oils, such as olive oil. For olive oil and many other foods products, NMR spectroscopy has been successfully used for authentication and quality assessment. In this study, we apply NMR analysis to avocado oil to differentiate it from other oils including olive, canola, high-oleic (HO) safflower, HO sunflower and soybean oil using commercial and lab-made samples of avocado oils. NMR allowed the rapid analysis of the fatty acid profile and detection of minor compounds, such as sterols, oxidation products, and hydrolysis products, which can be used to assess oil quality and authenticity. The NMR assignment was conducted using traditional 2D NMR and the novel NOAH super-sequences. Combining chemometrics with NMR enabled us to differentiate between avocado oil and other oils. Avocado oil has compositional similarities with other vegetable oils, such as HO sunflower and HO safflower oil, which can be used as potential adulterants. Despite these similarities, NMR-based metabolomics captured differences in the levels of certain compounds including fatty acids, terpenes, sterols, and oxidation products to detect adulteration and for quality control purposes.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Persea; Plant Oils
PubMed: 33435322
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020310