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Nature Jul 2012The composite human microbiome of Western populations has probably changed over the past century, brought on by new environmental triggers that often have a negative...
The composite human microbiome of Western populations has probably changed over the past century, brought on by new environmental triggers that often have a negative impact on human health. Here we show that consumption of a diet high in saturated (milk-derived) fat, but not polyunsaturated (safflower oil) fat, changes the conditions for microbial assemblage and promotes the expansion of a low-abundance, sulphite-reducing pathobiont, Bilophila wadsworthia. This was associated with a pro-inflammatory T helper type 1 (T(H)1) immune response and increased incidence of colitis in genetically susceptible Il10(−/−), but not wild-type mice. These effects are mediated by milk-derived-fat-promoted taurine conjugation of hepatic bile acids, which increases the availability of organic sulphur used by sulphite-reducing microorganisms like B. wadsworthia. When mice were fed a low-fat diet supplemented with taurocholic acid, but not with glycocholic acid, for example, a bloom of B. wadsworthia and development of colitis were observed in Il10(−/−) mice. Together these data show that dietary fats, by promoting changes in host bile acid composition, can markedly alter conditions for gut microbial assemblage, resulting in dysbiosis that can perturb immune homeostasis. The data provide a plausible mechanistic basis by which Western-type diets high in certain saturated fats might increase the prevalence of complex immune-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease in genetically susceptible hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilophila; Colitis; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dietary Fats; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interleukin-10; Metagenome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Milk; Molecular Sequence Data; Safflower Oil; Sulfites; Taurine; Taurocholic Acid; Th1 Cells
PubMed: 22722865
DOI: 10.1038/nature11225 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022The study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of 11 safflower genotypes using adaptability and stability methods, while identifying safflower genotypes with...
The study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of 11 safflower genotypes using adaptability and stability methods, while identifying safflower genotypes with stable behavior and a high grain yield in different environments of the Brazilian Cerrado. Ten lines and a cultivar of safflower were evaluated in four environments in the Brazilian conditions. Our results revealed the genotypes P30, P35, P9, P11, and P31 to be superior for grain yield and P43, P7, P11, and P31 to be superior for oil content. The lowest Wricke index, an indication of genotype stability, was observed for P9 (0.41%), which is considered the most stable genotype, followed by P35 (1.29%) and P31 (1.98%). For the predictability of the behavior of genotypes in the environments, P7 (80.85%), P35 (86.10%), P31 (85.90%), and P9 (97.42%) were considered predictable genotypes. The genotypes P11 (1045.6 kg ha and 19.7%) and P21 (952.7 kg ha and 20.6%) are recommended for cultivation in this region, considering both their grain yield and oil content. Safflower is viable to use out of season in the Brazilian Cerrado. The crop can generate profits for farmers and be used for oil production in periods of uncertain corn production.
PubMed: 35270178
DOI: 10.3390/plants11050708 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2020Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep...
Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep wrinkles, dryness, decreased procollagen production, and degradation of collagen. Novel materials are needed to prevent the aging of the skin by blocking the effects of UV. Safflower seed oil ( L., SSO) contains significantly high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. SSO has been traditionally used in China, Japan, and Korea to improve skin and hair. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of SSO and its active compound acacetin on UVB-induced skin photoaging in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). SSO inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) at both protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 is known to play important roles in collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. Acacetin, a type of flavonoid, is present in SSO. Similar to SSO, acacetin also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 mRNA is primarily regulated by the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Acacetin regulated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and c-jun, but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate that SSO and its active compound acacetin can prevent UVB-induced MMP-1 expression, which leads to skin photoaging, and may therefore have therapeutic potential as an anti-wrinkle agent to improve skin health.
Topics: Carthamus tinctorius; Cell Survival; Fibroblasts; Flavones; HaCaT Cells; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Phosphorylation; Safflower Oil; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32522955
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03064 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Surimi-based products occupy an important position in the aquatic product processing industry. To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, the effects of...
Surimi-based products occupy an important position in the aquatic product processing industry. To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, the effects of pre-emulsified safflower seed oil on the texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of surimi gel was evaluated. The texture and whiteness of the gel were improved, and the WHC increased ( < 0.05) as the content of safflower seed oil increased up to 2 mL per 100 g surimi. Furthermore, the drops of pre-emulsified safflower seed oils with an average diameter of less than 0.10 μm were evenly distributed in gel matrix. Microstructure and infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil acted as filler particles to occupy void spaces, resulting in gel exhibiting a dense network structure. Volatile analysis showed the gel containing pre-emulsified oil enriched volatile compounds, mainly resulting from the oxidation and decomposition of oils by the activation of lipoxygenase, which synergistically contributes to unique flavors of gel. Consequently, low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil can used to enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products. These findings are especially relevant to the current growing interest in low-fat and high-protein diets.
PubMed: 35200487
DOI: 10.3390/gels8020106 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Wei safflower seed oil (WSO) prepared by the cold pressing method and organic solvent extraction method was characterized in this study. The yield of cold-pressed WSO...
Wei safflower seed oil (WSO) prepared by the cold pressing method and organic solvent extraction method was characterized in this study. The yield of cold-pressed WSO (CP-WSO) was inferior to that of -hexane-extracted WSO (HE-WSO). The physicochemical properties (refractive index, density, iodine value, insoluble impurities) and fatty acid compositions were similar, and both were rich in linoleic acid. However, CP-WSO had better color and less solvent residue. The type and content of vitamin E in CP-WSO was also superior to that in HE-WSO, which explained the high oxidative stability of CP-WSO in the Rancimat test. Our results provide a reference for the development of Wei safflower seed oil.
PubMed: 37685161
DOI: 10.3390/foods12173228 -
Food Chemistry. Molecular Sciences Jul 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing exercise training. The rats were assigned to four groups: standard diet and sedentary (SDS), high-fat diet and sedentary (HFDS), high-fat diet and training (HFDT), and high-fat diet, training, and safflower oil (HFDTSO) groups. HFD significantly increased the abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats. The safflower oil had no effect on the body weight and levels of blood glucose, TG, and TC, but it significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with an HFD while undergoing exercise training. Safflower oil supplementation reduced the abdominal fat in rats undergoing swimming training.
PubMed: 35415687
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100083 -
Breeding Science Dec 2020Agricultural expansion requires the deployment of stress-tolerant crops like safflower ( L.). In safflower breeding, oil improvement in early generations requires...
Agricultural expansion requires the deployment of stress-tolerant crops like safflower ( L.). In safflower breeding, oil improvement in early generations requires indirect selection through simply inherited traits. The oil quality is mostly related to the fatty acid profile, which is determined by the OL locus. The aim of this research was to identify simple easy-to-measure traits that indirectly explain oil content variation and its interaction with yield components, and also to generate an effective tool for genotyping the OL locus. A field experiment with F and pure lines was carried out to correlate the oil content with 18 traits including yield components, and phenological and morphological characteristics. KASP technology using primers designed according to the ctFAD2-1 gene sequence was applied for OL locus genotyping and validated through fatty acids phenotyping. Hull content, the length:width ratio of the grain, and plant height were identified as the most promising selection tools for increasing oil content, and grains per capitulum was the best yield component for increasing yield without decreasing the oil content. KASP genotyping successfully worked as a MAS tool, identifying oleic and linoleic genotypes. These tools enhance options for improving oil content and quality for safflower breeding.
PubMed: 33603552
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20053 -
Metabolites Jun 2020Safflower ( L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration... (Review)
Review
Safflower ( L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics datasets, has provided more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical composition of crop plants for multiple applications. Knowledge of a metabolome of plant is crucial to optimize the evolution of crop traits, improve crop yields and quality, and ensure nutritional and health factors that provide the opportunity to produce functional food or feedstuffs. Safflower contains numerous chemical components that possess many pharmacological activities including central nervous, cardiac, vascular, anticoagulant, reproductive, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and metabolic activities, providing many other human health benefits. In addition to classical metabolite studies, this review focuses on several metabolite-based working techniques and updates to provide a summary of the current medical applications of safflower.
PubMed: 32560514
DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060253 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Avocado oil is a food product of high commercial and nutritional value. As a result, it can be a subject of adulteration similar to other high-value edible oils, such as...
Avocado oil is a food product of high commercial and nutritional value. As a result, it can be a subject of adulteration similar to other high-value edible oils, such as olive oil. For olive oil and many other foods products, NMR spectroscopy has been successfully used for authentication and quality assessment. In this study, we apply NMR analysis to avocado oil to differentiate it from other oils including olive, canola, high-oleic (HO) safflower, HO sunflower and soybean oil using commercial and lab-made samples of avocado oils. NMR allowed the rapid analysis of the fatty acid profile and detection of minor compounds, such as sterols, oxidation products, and hydrolysis products, which can be used to assess oil quality and authenticity. The NMR assignment was conducted using traditional 2D NMR and the novel NOAH super-sequences. Combining chemometrics with NMR enabled us to differentiate between avocado oil and other oils. Avocado oil has compositional similarities with other vegetable oils, such as HO sunflower and HO safflower oil, which can be used as potential adulterants. Despite these similarities, NMR-based metabolomics captured differences in the levels of certain compounds including fatty acids, terpenes, sterols, and oxidation products to detect adulteration and for quality control purposes.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Persea; Plant Oils
PubMed: 33435322
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020310 -
Physiology and Molecular Biology of... Feb 2021Drought is one of the major environmental stress that adversely affect the growth and development of oil seed plant, safflower. There is a limited knowledge on proteomic...
UNLABELLED
Drought is one of the major environmental stress that adversely affect the growth and development of oil seed plant, safflower. There is a limited knowledge on proteomic responses to support physiological, biochemical changes in how safflowers can regulate growth and metabolism under drought conditions and followed by re-watering. The changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical and proteomics of safflower genotypes ( L.; Remzibey-05 and Linas, tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively, and M. Bieb., wild type) after exposure to drought and followed by re-watering have been examined. Drought negatively affected the shoot weight, water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biochemical parameters, including photosynthetic pigment, proline, MDA, and HO contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in all genotypes, while the re-watering period allowed Remzibey-05 to recover, and it even provided the wild type completely recovered (approximately 100%). A total of 72 protein spots were observed as differently accumulated under treatments. The identified proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate, protein, defense, and energy metabolisms. Protein accumulation related to these metabolisms in Remzibey-05 were decreased under drought, while increased following re-watering. However, sensitive cultivar, Linas, could not exhibit an effective performance under drought and recovery when compared with other safflower genotypes.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00934-2).
PubMed: 33707869
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00934-2