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Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2018We examined the effects of fish oil and fenofibrate (FF) on the pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and on the modification of glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions in KK...
We examined the effects of fish oil and fenofibrate (FF) on the pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and on the modification of glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions in KK mice with insulin resistance. The mice were fed one of four diets [25en% lard/safflower oil (LSO), 25en% fish oil (FO), or each of these diets plus 0.1wt% FF (LSO/FF, FO/FF)] for 9 weeks. FO group and both FF groups had significantly lower final body and adipose tissue weights than LSO group. Pancreatic islet hypertrophy was observed only in LSO group but not in the other groups with fish oil or FF. And, it is likely that fish oil has a stronger therapeutic effect on islet hypertrophy. Plasma adiponectin level was significantly higher in FO group but not in both FF groups. Expression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) was lower in FO groups with or without FF, whereas fatty acid oxidation-related mRNAs such as acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) were more abundant in FF groups with or without fish oil. Our results suggest that both fish oil and FF improve pancreatic islet hypertrophy with the amelioration of insulin resistance. Fish oil enhances insulin sensitivity by increasing plasma adiponectin; however, the beneficial effect of FF on insulin resistance seems to be independent of the plasma adiponectin level. These results mean that improvement of glucose and lipid metabolic dysfuctions in diabetic KK mice are independently approached by fish oil and FF.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fenofibrate; Fish Oils; Glucose; Hypertrophy; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Islets of Langerhans; Lipid Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 27130153
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.03.012 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Safflower ( L.) is a multipurpose minor crop consumed by developed and developing nations around the world with limited research funding and genetic resources. Genomic...
Safflower ( L.) is a multipurpose minor crop consumed by developed and developing nations around the world with limited research funding and genetic resources. Genomic selection (GS) is an effective modern breeding tool that can help to fast-track the genetic diversity preserved in genebank collections to facilitate rapid and efficient germplasm improvement and variety development. In the present study, we simulated four GS strategies to compare genetic gains and inbreeding during breeding cycles in a safflower recurrent selection breeding program targeting grain yield (GY) and seed oil content (OL). We observed positive genetic gains over cycles in all four GS strategies, where the first cycle delivered the largest genetic gain. Single-trait GS strategies had the greatest gain for the target trait but had very limited genetic improvement for the other trait. Simultaneous selection for GY and OL via indices indicated higher gains for both traits than crossing between the two single-trait independent culling strategies. The multi-trait GS strategy with mating relationship control (GS_GY + OL + Rel) resulted in a lower inbreeding coefficeint but a similar gain compared to that of the GS_GY + OL (without inbreeding control) strategy after a few cycles. Our findings lay the foundation for future safflower GS breeding.
PubMed: 38891385
DOI: 10.3390/plants13111577 -
Food Science & Nutrition Sep 2022To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, we investigated the effects of vegetable oils (peanut, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, and safflower seed...
To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, we investigated the effects of vegetable oils (peanut, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, and safflower seed oils) on the texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of the surimi gel. The results showed that 6 kinds of vegetable oils could improve the whiteness and flavor of gels. However, peanut, olive, and coconut oils enriching oleic acid or lauric acid were easy to accumulate with an average diameter of more than 0.15 μm. Thus, the gel with the oil showed a loose network structures with large cavities, and the texture was deteriorated, accompanied by decreased WHC ( < .05). Compared with other vegetable oils, soybean, corn and safflower seed oils enriching linoleic acid were emulsified with protein forming a stable interfacial protein film. The gel with the oil showed an increase in the WHC and bound water content. Furthermore, the oil droplets with an average diameter of less than 0.15 μm were evenly distributed in the gel matrix, and the gel exhibited dense network structures with small cavities and smooth surface. In general, soybean and safflower seed oils can be used as a potential additive to improve the quality and flavor of surimi-based products.
PubMed: 36171767
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2889 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jul 2021Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a multiorgan syndrome, is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that is associated with male reproductive system dysfunction and infertility....
Safflower seed oil improves steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rats with type II diabetes mellitus by modulating the genes expression involved in steroidogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a multiorgan syndrome, is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that is associated with male reproductive system dysfunction and infertility. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an herbal remedy improves DM and infertility-related disorders. The anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of this herb have been well documented, but its role in testosterone production, male reproductive system and zinc homeostasis has not been fully illustrated.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic properties of different doses of safflower seed oil against reproductive damage caused by type II DM by investigating zinc element homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative damage in testis tissue and their relationship with testosterone production and sperm parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups and treated daily for 12 and 24 weeks in protective and therapeutic studies, respectively. Type II DM was induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD) in normoglycemic rats for three months. At the end of each study, serum level of glucose, testosterone, gonadotropins, TNF-α, insulin, and leptin were measured. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, zinc and testosterone along with the expression of Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, StAR, P450scc, and 17βHSD3 genes in the testis were detected.
RESULTS
After the intervention, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of testosterone and gonadotropins significantly decreased in the rats with DM in comparison to the others. However, lipid peroxidation and serum level of insulin, leptin and TNF-α increased and the testicular level of zinc significantly changed in the rats with DM compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). The gene expression of NF-κB and TNF-α were also significantly increased and the gene expression of Nrf2, StAR, P450scc and 17βHSD3 were decreased in the testis of diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The results showed that pretreatment and treatment with safflower seed oil could improve these parameters in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
HFD could impair the production of testosterone and sperm, and reduce gonadotropin by increasing the serum level of leptin and inducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, safflower oil in a dose-dependent manner could improve testosterone level and sperm parameters by improving the level of leptin, zinc and insulin resistance, and the genes expression involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Eating; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropins; Inflammation; Insulin; Leptin; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipogenesis; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Seeds; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Steroids; Testis; Testosterone; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zinc; Rats
PubMed: 33894286
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114139 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2021Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various... (Review)
Review
Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass production, phenology and physiology, and yield-contributing traits in oilseed crops. Oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, coconut, palm oil, sesame, safflower, olive etc., are widely grown. Specific importance is the vulnerability of oil synthesis in these crops against the rise in climatic temperature, threatening the stability of yield and quality. The natural defense system in these crops cannot withstand the harmful impacts of heat stress, thus causing a considerable loss in seed and oil yield. Therefore, a proper understanding of underlying mechanisms of genotype-environment interactions that could affect oil synthesis pathways is a prime requirement in developing stable cultivars. Heat stress tolerance is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes and is challenging to study and characterize. However, heat tolerance studies to date have pointed to several sophisticated mechanisms to deal with the stress of high temperatures, including hormonal signaling pathways for sensing heat stimuli and acquiring tolerance to heat stress, maintaining membrane integrity, production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assembly of antioxidants, accumulation of compatible solutes, modified gene expression to enable changes, intelligent agricultural technologies, and several other agronomic techniques for thriving and surviving. Manipulation of multiple genes responsible for thermo-tolerance and exploring their high expressions greatly impacts their potential application using CRISPR/Cas genome editing and OMICS technology. This review highlights the latest outcomes on the response and tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organelle, and whole plant levels describing numerous approaches applied to enhance thermos-tolerance in oilseed crops. We are attempting to critically analyze the scattered existing approaches to temperature tolerance used in oilseeds as a whole, work toward extending studies into the field, and provide researchers and related parties with useful information to streamline their breeding programs so that they can seek new avenues and develop guidelines that will greatly enhance ongoing efforts to establish heat stress tolerance in oilseeds.
PubMed: 34975951
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767150 -
Meat Science Oct 2023In this study, it was aimed to develop gluten-free beef burger patties with walnut and safflower oils and to examine the effects of different cooking methods on the...
Influence of different cooking methods on quality characteristics and nutritional value of gluten-free beef burger patties formulated with walnut oil, safflower oil and buckwheat.
In this study, it was aimed to develop gluten-free beef burger patties with walnut and safflower oils and to examine the effects of different cooking methods on the quality and nutritional value of the product. Two different cooking methods (oven and pan cooking) and 60 days of storage were applied to the patties that were produced by replacing 50% animal fat content with walnut and safflower oils and using buckwheat flour instead of rusk. The highest MUFA+PUFA and MUFA+PUFA/SFA values were determined in walnut oil added oven cooked samples at the beginning of the storage and safflower oil added oven cooked samples at the end of the storage (P < 0.05). The nutritional quality indexes (NVI, HH, AI, HPI) of fat of beef burger patties improved with the replacement of fat with safflower and walnut oil and preserved better with the oven-cooked method according to the pan cooking method. The addition of walnut oil significantly increased the vitamin E values compared to those of the control sample and these values were preserved during storage (P < 0.05). However, the flavor and overall acceptability scores of the safflower oil samples were higher than those of the walnut oil samples during 30 days of storage (P < 0.05). It was concluded that safflower-added samples could be preferred in terms of lower hardness, oxidation value, total saturated fatty acid, higher cooking yield and sensory evaluation scores.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Safflower Oil; Fagopyrum; Juglans; Cooking; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 37354833
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109251 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Freeze drying process was applied to habanero pepper and modified, in order to reduce energy expenditure on frozen and dehydration techniques. Six alkaline solutions,...
Freeze drying process was applied to habanero pepper and modified, in order to reduce energy expenditure on frozen and dehydration techniques. Six alkaline solutions, olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, grape oil, sesame oil and safflower oil, were used to reduce time on vacuum chamber. Also, frozen step was modified by using dry ice (CO) obtaining 43% of energy saving. The final product had high quality, moisture within 3% to 7% range, low microorganisms number, without organoleptic attributes damage and having all the characteristics of a fresh product by rehydrating. Dried sample was rehydrated by immersion in water at 40 °C for 5 min, obtaining 75% of initial humidity.Markedchanges on rehydrated final product was not perceived. The most effective oil to reduce the moisture was safflower followed by coconut and sesame, whilst the least effective were olive, followed by avocado and grape oils.
PubMed: 32260527
DOI: 10.3390/foods9040437 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Dec 2018To evaluate how safflower oil (SFO) influences brain electrophysiology and cortical oxidative status in the offspring, mothers received a diet with SFO during brain...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate how safflower oil (SFO) influences brain electrophysiology and cortical oxidative status in the offspring, mothers received a diet with SFO during brain development period.
METHODS
Beginning on the 14th day of gestation and throughout lactation, rats received safflower (safflower group - SG) or soybean oil (control group - CG) in their diet. At 65 days old, cortical spreading depression (CSD) and cortex oxidative status were analyzed in the offspring.
RESULTS
SG presented reduction of the CSD velocity as compared to the CG (SG: 3.24 ± 0.09; CG: 3.37 ± 0.07 mm/min). SFO reduced levels of lipid peroxidation by 39.4%. SG showed the following increases: glutathione-S-transferase, 40.8% and reduced glutathione, 34.3%. However, SFO decreased superoxide dismutase by 40.4% and catalase by 64.1%. To control for interhemispheric effects, since CSD was recorded only in the right cortex, we evaluated the oxidative status in both sides of the cortex; no differences were observed.
DISCUSSION
Data show that when SFO is consumed by the female rats during pregnancy and lactation, the offspring present long-term effects on brain electrophysiology and cortical oxidative state. The present study highlights the relevance of understanding the SFO intake of pregnant and lactating mammals.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carthamus tinctorius; Catalase; Cerebral Cortex; Cortical Spreading Depression; Female; Glutathione; Lactation; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Safflower Oil; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 28784045
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1360549 -
Meat Science Apr 2023In this work, the differences in macrostructure and microstructure, rheology, and storage stability of pre-emulsified safflower oil (PSO) prepared by natural and...
In this work, the differences in macrostructure and microstructure, rheology, and storage stability of pre-emulsified safflower oil (PSO) prepared by natural and magnetic field modified soy 11S globulin were analysised. It was concluded that the PSO with magnetic field modified soy 11S globulin (MPSO) has better emulsifying activity and physical stability. The changes in gel quality, oxidational sensitivity, rheological, and sensory properties of pork batters with different substitute ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of pork back-fat by MPSO with magnetic field modified soy 11S globulin were studied. Compared to the sample without MPSO, pork batter with MPSO showed higher emulsion stability, apparent viscosity, L value, springiness, cohesiveness, and expressible moisture, while lower a value and cooking loss. Moreover, added MPSO could be more uniformly distributed into the meat matrix with smaller holes. With the increase in the replacement proportion of pork back-fat, the hardness, water- and fat-holding capacity, and P of pork batter significantly decreased (P < 0.05). As revealed by sensory evaluation and TBARS, using MPSO to substitute for pork back-fat decreased the lipid oxidational sensitivity of pork batter, and without negative effects on the appearance, juiciness and overall acceptability. Overall, it is feasible to apply MPSO as a pork-fat replacer to produce reduced-animal fat pork batter with excellent gel and sensory properties.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Food Handling; Safflower Oil; Fat Substitutes; Pork Meat; Red Meat; Globulins; Rheology; Magnetic Fields
PubMed: 36628894
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109087 -
Anatomy & Cell Biology Jun 2023Adult neurogenesis has been reported in the hypothalamus, subventricular zone and subgranular zone in the hippocamp. Recent studies indicated that new cells in the...
Adult neurogenesis has been reported in the hypothalamus, subventricular zone and subgranular zone in the hippocamp. Recent studies indicated that new cells in the hypothalamus are affected by diet. We previously showed beneficial effects of safflower seed oil (SSO), a rich source of linoleic acid (LA; 74%), on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) . In this study, the effect of SSO on hypothalamic neurogenesis was investigated , in comparison to synthetic LA. Adult mice were treated with SSO (400 mg/kg) and pure synthetic LA (300 mg/kg), at similar concentrations of LA, for 8 weeks and then hypothalamic NSCs were cultured and subsequently used for Neurosphere-forming assay. In addition, serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of SSO for 8 weeks in adult mice promoted the proliferation of NSCs isolated from SSO-treated mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the hypothalamus showed that the frequency of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein cells) are not affected by LA or SSO. However, the frequency of immature (doublecortin cells) and mature (neuronal nuclei cells) neurons significantly increased in LA- and SSO-treated mice, compared to vehicle. Furthermore, both LA and SSO caused a significant increase in the serum levels of BDNF. Importantly, SSO acted more potently than LA in all experiments. The presence of other fatty acids in SSO, such as oleic acid and palmitic acid, suggests that they could be responsible for SSO positive effect on hypothalamic proliferation and neurogenesis, compared to synthetic LA at similar concentrations.
PubMed: 36967238
DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.220