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Circulation Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Linoleic Acid; Safflower Oil; Barth Syndrome; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38437482
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065414 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research May 2017Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets are generally considered obesogenic in rodents. Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on...
A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation.
SCOPE
Omega-6 (n-6) PUFA-rich diets are generally considered obesogenic in rodents. Here, we examined how long-term intake of a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil-rich in n-6 PUFAs-or a low-fat/low-sucrose diet for 40 wk. Compared to the low-fat/low-sucrose diet, intake of the safflower-based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS-fed mice.
CONCLUSION
We suggest that a diet-dependent increase in the n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Dietary Sucrose; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose Intolerance; Inflammation; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 28012235
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600528 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021In developed countries, the ideas of ecological agricultural production, continuous cycle, and waste-free production technologies have gained popularity. The effect from...
In developed countries, the ideas of ecological agricultural production, continuous cycle, and waste-free production technologies have gained popularity. The effect from the production and consumption of ecological agricultural products is determined by the least harm to the environment, increasing the competitiveness of products, and receiving additional profit from increasing prices for higher quality products. The production of organically safe products is based on the principle of biologization, i.e., the widespread use of biological preparations, a high proportion of legumes (sources of nitrogen), and avoiding chemical plant protection products, transgenic plants, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This study aims to increase the productivity of safflower and improve the physicochemical and biological indicators of dark chestnut soils through the use of biologized technologies in the organic farming system. Standard methods for assessment and statistical analysis of physical and chemical parameters of soils were carried out in zone 1 of West Kazakhstan. This made it possible to identify the most optimal technology for the cultivation of safflower. The study results showed that under the influence of the phytomeliorative action of safflower in the 0-20 cm layer of dark chestnut soils, one could note an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 5.95%, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus by 5.22%, and soil loosening by 0.010 g/cm, with the structure of the soil being 64.43%. Strong biological activity of the soil was established by the crops of safflower. The highest yield of safflower oil about 0.23 t/ha with an oil content of 30.1% was obtained using the biologized technology option. The use of biological technology, along with biological yields, increases oil yield by 0.06 t/ha or 28.06%.
Topics: Carthamus tinctorius; Crops, Agricultural; Environmental Biomarkers; Fertilizers; Fungicides, Industrial; Kazakhstan; Nitrogen; Oils; Organic Agriculture; Phosphorus; Plant Weeds; Safflower Oil; Seasons; Silage; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 34512205
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9970957 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Mar 2018is commonly known as Safflower. extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated...
INTRODUCTION
is commonly known as Safflower. extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its seed which is used as edible oil. For a long time, has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. It is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum haemorrhage and osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVE
The subject of this study is the seeds of Kazakhstan species of 'Akmai' safflower, collected in the flowering stage in Southern Kazakhstan. Volatile oil was carry out to study the component composition of Kazakhstan 'AkMai' safflower flowers.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Pale yellow oily extracts were obtain by varying the process parameters. The volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the petals was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of the oil was 0.175 % (v/w). 20 compounds representing 99.81% of the oil were characterized. The volatile oil was found to be rich in undecanoic acid, octane, 2-nonen -1-ol, hexadecanal, dodecanal, dec-2-en-1-ol, nonanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 2 pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, isobutyl-beta-phenylpropionate, 1.3-cyclohexadiene, myrtenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, 2(3H)-furanone, 4,4-dipropylheptane, hexcosane,1-eicosanol, as well as heptocosane.
RESULTS
Volatile oil from the flowers of the Kazakhstan safflower species 'Ak-Mai' were investigated by GC/MS which allowed the detection of 20 compounds. Biologically active complex of the flower of the Kazakhstan safflower species 'Ak-Mai' was released for the first time by using this oil.
Topics: Carthamus tinctorius; Flowers; Kazakhstan; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 29575869
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1235170 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2017The prevalence of dental erosion has been recently increasing, requiring new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Vegetable oils have been studied in preventive...
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of dental erosion has been recently increasing, requiring new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Vegetable oils have been studied in preventive dentistry because they come from a natural, edible, low-cost, and worldwide accessible source. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of different vegetable oils, applied in two concentrations, on initial enamel erosion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Initially, the acquired pellicle was formed in situ for 2 hours. Subsequently, the enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to the study group (n=12/per group): GP5 and GP100 - 5% and pure palm oil, respectively; GC5 and GC100 - 5% and pure coconut oil; GSa5 and GSa100 - 5% and pure safflower oil; GSu5 and GSu100 - 5% and pure sunflower oil; GO5 and GO100 - 5% and pure olive oil; CON- - Deionized Water (negative control) and CON+ - Commercial Mouthwash (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse, GABA/positive control). Then, the enamel blocks were immersed in artificial saliva for 2 minutes and subjected to short-term acid exposure in 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.4, for 30 seconds, to promote enamel surface softening. The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss [((SHi - SHf) / SHf )×100]. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05).
RESULTS
Enamel blocks of GP100 presented similar hardness loss to GSu100 (p>0.05) and less than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no difference between GP5, GC5, GC100, GSa5, GSu100, GSa100, GSu5, GO5, GO100, CON- and CON+.
CONCLUSION
Palm oil seems to be a promising alternative for preventing enamel erosion. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate a long-term erosive cycling.
Topics: Dental Pellicle; Hardness Tests; Humans; Materials Testing; Palm Oil; Plant Oils; Random Allocation; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 28877281
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0436 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2018Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are prostaglandin-like compounds, contributing to defense signaling and prevention of cellular damage. These plant...
Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are prostaglandin-like compounds, contributing to defense signaling and prevention of cellular damage. These plant oxylipins result from autoxidation of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and have been proposed as new bioactive compounds due to their structural analogies with isoprostanes (IsoPs) and prostanoids derived from arachidonic acid in mammals, which have demonstrated diverse biological activities. The present work assesses a wide range of vegetable oils - including extra virgin olive oils (n = 7) and flax, sesame, argan, safflower seed, grapeseed, and palm oils - for their content of PhytoPs and PhytoFs. Flax oil displayed the highest concentrations, being notable the presence of 9-epi-9-D-PhytoP, 9-D-PhytoP, 16-B-PhytoP, and 9-L-PhytoP (7.54, 28.09, 28.67, and 19.22 μg mL, respectively), which contributed to a total PhytoPs concentration of 119.15 μg mL, and of ent-16-(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ-10-PhytoF (21.46 μg mL). Palm and grapeseed oils appeared as the most appropriate negative controls, given the near absence of PhytoPs and PhytoFs (lower than 0.15 μg mL). These data inform on the chance to develop nutritional trials using flax and grapeseed oils as food matrices that would provide practical information to design further assays intended to determine the actual bioavailability/bioactivity in vivo.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Analysis; Furans; Nutritive Value; Oxylipins; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 29580528
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.013 -
Journal of Oleo Science Nov 2019The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solvents (petroleum benzene, hexane, diethyl ether and acetone) and extraction methods (hot and...
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solvents (petroleum benzene, hexane, diethyl ether and acetone) and extraction methods (hot and cold) on oil yield of safflower seeds and its fatty acid compositions. Oil contents of safflower seeds extracted by hot extraction system were changed between 37.40% (acetone) and 39.53% (petroleum benzene), while that of cold extraction was varied between 39.96% (petroleum benzene) and 39.40% (diethyl ether). Regarding the extraction solvents, the highest oil yield (39.53%) was obtained with petroleum benzene, while the minimum value (37.40%) was found with acetone under hot extraction condition. The main fatty acids observed in all extracted oil samples were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. Oleic acid contents of safflower oils extracted by hot extraction system was ranged between 41.20% (acetone) and 42.54% (hexane), its content in oils obtained by cold extraction method was varied between 40.58% (acetone) and 42.10% (hexane and diethyl ether). Linoleic content of safflower oil extracted by hot extraction system was found between 48.23% (acetone) and 49.62% (hexane), while that oil extracted by cold method range from 48.07 (hexane) to 49.09% (acetone). The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds oil showed significant (p < 0.05) differences depending on solvent type and extraction method. The results of this study provide relevant information that can be used to improve organic solvent extraction processes of vegetable oil.
Topics: Acetone; Benzene; Carthamus tinctorius; Cold Temperature; Ether; Hot Temperature; Linoleic Acid; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Organophosphates; Palmitic Acids; Petroleum; Safflower Oil; Seeds; Solvents
PubMed: 31611512
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19131 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Safflower ( L.) is a promising oilseed crop for cultivation in central Southern Italy due to its high tolerance to drought and salinity stress and appreciable seed and...
Safflower ( L.) is a promising oilseed crop for cultivation in central Southern Italy due to its high tolerance to drought and salinity stress and appreciable seed and oil yields. The genetic diversity of cultivars and climate factors can affect fatty acid composition and yield traits. This study aimed to assess the effects of genotype and climate conditions on the productive performance of eight high oleic safflower genotypes under rainfed conditions in Sicily (Italy). These genotypes were compared to the Montola 2000 cultivar, which was used as a reference. Tests were carried out during the growing seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological and yield components were significantly affected by genotype while the year had a significant effect on plant height only. In general, CTI 17 produced the highest seed yield (1.40 t ha) and oil yield (0.58 t ha). The seed oil content was found on 40.2% of dry matter, on average. The "genotype" factor significantly affected oil content and fatty acid composition. Oleic acid content was on average 66.1% and did not vary greatly over the two growing seasons. The above- and belowground plant parts showed the highest carbon content and the lowest nitrogen content as a percentage of dry matter. The results indicate that, under rainfed conditions, yield parameters of high oleic safflower genotypes can be profitable in southern Italy though significantly dependent upon genotype.
PubMed: 37176792
DOI: 10.3390/plants12091733 -
BMC Biotechnology Aug 2018Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a heparin-binding growth factor, secreted by both mesothelial and epithelial cells, which participates in hair follicle...
BACKGROUND
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a heparin-binding growth factor, secreted by both mesothelial and epithelial cells, which participates in hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and bone development. A suitable source of recombinant human FGF9 (rhFGF9) is needed for research into potential clinical applications. We present that expression of oleosin-rhFGF9 fusion protein in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds stimulates hair growth and wound healing.
RESULTS
The oleosin-rhFGF9 expressed in safflower seeds, in which it localizes to the surface of oil bodies. The expression of oleosin-rhFGF9 was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. According to BCA and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, the results show that the expression level of oleosin-rhFGF9 was 0.14% of oil body protein. The oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 showed mitogenic activity towards NIH3T3 cells in a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The efficacy of oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 in promoting hair growth and wound healing was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. In a hair regeneration experiment, 50 μg/μl oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 was applied to the dorsal skin of mice in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle. After 15 days, thicker hair and increased number of new hairs were seen compared with controls. Furthermore, the number of new hairs was greater compared with rhFGF9-treated mice. The hair follicles of mice treated with oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 expressed β-catenin more abundantly. In a wound healing experiment, dorsal skin wounds were topically treated with 50 μg/μl oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9. Wound healing was quicker compared with mice treated with rhFGF9 and controls, especially in the earlier stages of healing.
CONCLUSIONS
The oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 promotes both hair growth and wound healing. It appears to promote hair growth, at least in part, by up-regulating β-catenin expression. The potential of oil body bound oleosin-rhFGF9 as an external drug can treat the alopecia and wounds or use in further clinical application.
Topics: Animals; Carthamus tinctorius; Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; Gene Expression; Hair; Humans; Lipid Droplets; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NIH 3T3 Cells; Plant Proteins; Protein Transport; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Seeds; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; beta Catenin
PubMed: 30157831
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0433-2 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Dec 2022Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) catalyze the splitting of 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE) into the green note flavor hexanal and 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid,...
Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) catalyze the splitting of 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE) into the green note flavor hexanal and 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which is not yet used industrially. Here, HPL from Carica papaya (HPL) was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid in detail. To improve the low catalytic activity of full-length HPL, the hydrophobic, non-conserved N-terminal sequence was deleted. This enhanced enzyme activity from initial 10 to 40 U/l. With optimization of solubilization buffer, expression media enzyme activity was increased to 2700 U/l. The tetrameric enzyme was produced in a 1.5 l fermenter and enriched by affinity chromatography. The enzyme preparation possesses a slightly acidic pH optimum and a catalytic efficiency (k/K) of 2.73 × 10 s·M towards 13S-HPODE. Interestingly, HPL could be applied for the synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, and 1 mM of 13S-HPODE was transformed in just 10 s with a yield of 90%. At protein concentrations of 10 mg/ml, the slow formation of the 10(E)-isomer traumatin was observed, pointing to a non-enzymatic isomerization process. Bearing this in mind, a one-pot enzyme cascade starting from safflower oil was developed with consecutive addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Glycine max lipoxygenase (LOX-1), and HPL. A yield of 43% was obtained upon fast extraction of the reaction mixtures after 1 min of HPL reaction. This work provides first insights into an enzyme cascade synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which may serve as a bifunctional precursor for bio-based polymer synthesis.
Topics: Carica; Polymers; Aldehyde-Lyases; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
PubMed: 35904676
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04095-0