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American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Jul 2021Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or... (Review)
Review
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. The eyes may also be involved. Due to rosacea affecting the face, it has a profound negative impact on quality of life, self-esteem, and well-being. In addition to general skin care, there are several approved treatment options available for addressing these features, both topical and systemic. For some features, intense pulse light, laser, and surgery are of value. Recent advances in fundamental scientific research have underscored the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems as well as neurovascular dysregulation underlying the spectrum of clinical features of rosacea. Endogenous and exogenous stimuli may initiate and aggravate several pathways in patients with rosacea. This review covers the new phenotype-based diagnosis and classification system reflecting pathophysiology, and new and emerging treatment options and approaches. We address new topical and systemic formulations, as well as recent evidence on treatment combinations. In addition, ongoing studies investigating novel therapeutic interventions will be summarized.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermatologic Agents; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Rosacea; Skin Care
PubMed: 33759078
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2019Neonatal skin acclimates rapidly to dry, aerobic conditions at birth and skin function gradually matures throughout infancy. Gentle skin care practices support the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Neonatal skin acclimates rapidly to dry, aerobic conditions at birth and skin function gradually matures throughout infancy. Gentle skin care practices support the ongoing development and function of newborn skin. This article reviews research updates and current skin care recommendations for full-term infants, premature infants, and infants born with severe cutaneous manifestations of genetic skin disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although safe early bathing of full-term infants with environmental controls is possible, delaying the first newborn bath for 12-24 h of life offers benefits of increased parental bonding and breastfeeding success. Swaddled bathing every 4 days is an effective bathing strategy for premature neonates. Among infants with a family history of atopic dermatitis, regular application of bland skin moisturizers reduces their risk of developing the disease. For newborns with erosive or blistering genetic skin conditions, use of specialized wound dressings and emollients promotes wound healing and helps limit skin damage. Environmental control with humidified incubators helps prevent life-threatening hypernatremic dehydration among babies born with collodion membranes; however, affected infants can tolerate breaks outside of the humidifier to promote parent-infant bonding.
SUMMARY
This article reviews infant skin care recommendations relevant to pediatric practice. Research to further optimize newborn skin care is ongoing, particularly, for the special populations of premature neonates and infants born with severe skin disease.
Topics: Baths; Child; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Skin; Skin Care; Umbilical Cord
PubMed: 31188166
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000791 -
Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and... 2015Patients in acute and long-term care settings receive daily routine skin care, including washing, bathing, and showering, often followed by application of lotions,... (Review)
Review
Patients in acute and long-term care settings receive daily routine skin care, including washing, bathing, and showering, often followed by application of lotions, creams, and/or ointments. These personal hygiene and skin care activities are integral parts of nursing practice, but little is known about their benefits or clinical efficacy. The aim of this article was to summarize the empirical evidence supporting basic skin care procedures and interventions and to develop a clinical algorithm for basic skin care. Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched and afterward a forward search was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science. In order to evaluate a broad range of basic skin care interventions systematic reviews, intervention studies, and guidelines, consensus statements and best practice standards also were included in the analysis. One hundred twenty-one articles were read in full text; 41documents were included in this report about skin care for prevention of dry skin, prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries. The methodological quality of the included publications was variable. Review results and expert input were used to create a clinical algorithm for basic skin care. A 2-step approach is proposed including general and special skin care. Interventions focus primarily on skin that is either too dry or too moist. The target groups for the algorithm are adult patients or residents with intact or preclinical damaged skin in care settings. The goal of the skin care algorithm is a first attempt to provide guidance for practitioners to improve basic skin care in clinical settings in order to maintain or increase skin health.
Topics: Algorithms; Dermatitis; Evidence-Based Nursing; Humans; Long-Term Care; Self Care; Skin Care
PubMed: 26165590
DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000162 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Apr 2018Moisturizers provide functional skin benefits, such as making the skin smooth and soft, increasing skin hydration, and improving skin optical characteristics; however,... (Review)
Review
Moisturizers provide functional skin benefits, such as making the skin smooth and soft, increasing skin hydration, and improving skin optical characteristics; however, moisturizers also function as vehicles to deliver ingredients to the skin. These ingredients may be vitamins, botanical antioxidants, peptides, skin-lightening agents, botanical anti-inflammatories, or exfoliants. This discussion covers the science of moisturizers.
Topics: Body Water; Ceramides; Humans; Hygroscopic Agents; Lipids; Ointments; Petrolatum; Silicones; Skin Care; Skin Cream; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 29319217
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12490 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jan 2019Most guidelines on neonatal skin care emphasize issues pertaining to healthy, term infants. Few address the complex task of skin barrier maintenance in preterm, very... (Review)
Review
Most guidelines on neonatal skin care emphasize issues pertaining to healthy, term infants. Few address the complex task of skin barrier maintenance in preterm, very preterm, and extremely preterm infants. Here, we provide an evidence-based review of the literature on skin care of preterm neonates. Interestingly, the stratum corneum does not fully develop until late in the third trimester, and as such, the barrier function of preterm skin is significantly compromised. Numerous interventions are available to augment the weak skin barrier of neonates. Plastic wraps reduce the incidence of hypothermia while semipermeable and transparent adhesive dressings improve skin quality and decrease the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities. Tub bathing causes less body temperature variability than sponge bathing and can be performed as infrequently as once every four days without increasing bacterial colonization of the skin. Topical emollients, particularly sunflower seed oil, appear to reduce the incidence of skin infections in premature neonates-but only in developing countries. In developed countries, studies indicate that topical petrolatum ointment increases the risk of candidemia and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus infection in the preterm population, perhaps by creating a milieu similar to occlusive dressings. For preterm infants with catheters, povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine are comparably effective at preventing catheter colonization. Further studies are necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of various skin care interventions in premature infants with an emphasis placed on subclassifying the patient population. In the interim, it may be beneficial to develop guidelines based on the current body of evidence.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Skin; Skin Care; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 30548578
DOI: 10.1111/pde.13725 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Sep 2017Altered skin integrity increases the chance of infection, impaired mobility, and decreased function and may result in the loss of limb or, sometimes, life. Skin is... (Review)
Review
Altered skin integrity increases the chance of infection, impaired mobility, and decreased function and may result in the loss of limb or, sometimes, life. Skin is affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors can include altered nutritional status, vascular disease issues, and diabetes. Extrinsic factors include falls, accidents, pressure, immobility, and surgical procedures. Ensuring skin integrity in the elderly requires a team approach and includes the individual, caregivers, and clinicians. The twenty-first century clinician has several online, evidence-based tools to assist with optimal treatment plans. Understanding best practices in addressing skin integrity issues can promote positive outcomes with the elderly.
Topics: Dermatologic Agents; Geriatric Nursing; Humans; Nurse's Role; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Risk Factors; Skin; Skin Care; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28779822
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.04.008 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2018Skin health is an important aspect of aesthetics. Dermatologists and scientists try to develop novel methods and materials to fulfill this aim. Facial cosmetics keep... (Review)
Review
Skin health is an important aspect of aesthetics. Dermatologists and scientists try to develop novel methods and materials to fulfill this aim. Facial cosmetics keep skin moist and remove sebum from the skin to maintain proper skin health. The use of suitable cosmetics according to the facial skin type results in healthy skin. Facial masks are the most prevalent cosmetic products utilized for skin rejuvenation. Facial masks are divided into four groups: (a) sheet masks; (b) peel-off masks; (c) rinse-off masks; and (d) hydrogels. Each of these has some advantages for specific skin types based on the ingredients used. The following article presents the available information about the facial mask. Also, we have focused on the facial masks available in the market. Despite several developments in this field, extensive research is required for performing successful and precise clinical trials in the future. Further improvements would enable the researchers to develop new products in this field. In this review, we present the most recent breakthroughs in the field of skin care and rejuvenation by cosmeceutical facial mask. This information is valuable to get the picture of the latest trends and also helpful for clinicians and related manufacturing companies.
Topics: Cosmeceuticals; Cosmetics; Face; Humans; Hydrogels; Rejuvenation; Sebum; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 30133135
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12730 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Mar 2022Skin problems have been the focus of attention in recent years. Skin aging, wrinkles, pigmentation, dryness has been a problem that makes people feel troubled.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Skin problems have been the focus of attention in recent years. Skin aging, wrinkles, pigmentation, dryness has been a problem that makes people feel troubled. Researchers have been devoted to find ways to solve these skin problems. Micro-ecological skin care is a popular concept these days, and improving skin health through the use of probiotics is a hot topic of discussion.
OBJECTIVE
Many experimental studies have shown that probiotics have a good effect on improving skin problems. This paper aims to comprehensively review the application and mechanism of probiotics in skin care and provide theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.
METHODS
Literatures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Science Direct.
RESULTS
Probiotics have potent effects on skin whitening, moisturizing, anti-aging, anti-wrinkle and removing body odor.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of probiotics on skin whitening, skin moisturizing, anti-aging, improving skin wrinkles and removing body odor were reviewed, which provided a new basis for the extensive application of probiotics in skin care.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Probiotics; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Care
PubMed: 34997993
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14734 -
Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North... Dec 2020Pressure injuries are areas of damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Pressure injury prevention in the... (Review)
Review
Pressure injuries are areas of damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Pressure injury prevention in the critical care population necessitates risk assessment, selection of appropriate preventive interventions, and ongoing assessment to determine the adequacy of the preventive interventions. Best practices in preventive interventions among critical care patients, including skin and tissue assessment, skin care, repositioning, nutrition, support surfaces, and early mobilization, are described. Unique considerations in special populations including older adults and individuals with obesity are also addressed.
Topics: Age Factors; Critical Care; Humans; Patient Positioning; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pressure Ulcer; Risk Assessment; Skin Care
PubMed: 33129409
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2020.08.001 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jul 2023Daily skin care routines are fundamental aspects of clinical nursing practice. Providing skin care, including skin cleansing and application of leave-on products have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Daily skin care routines are fundamental aspects of clinical nursing practice. Providing skin care, including skin cleansing and application of leave-on products have substantial impact on the prevention and treatment of a number of skin conditions. There are hundreds of individual studies about skin risks, classifications, skin conditions, prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To summarise the overall evidence regarding 1) risk factors associated with xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears, 2) the performance of diagnostic tests and/or classifications addressing the severity and/or signs and symptoms of xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears, 3) the effects of skin cleansing/care interventions for the maintenance and promotion of skin integrity in all age groups, 4) effects of skin cleansing/care interventions for the prevention of xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears in all age groups.
DESIGN
Umbrella review.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search in MEDLINE and Embase (via OvidSP), Cochrane and Epistemonikos was conducted. Reference lists and experts were consulted for potentially missed reviews.
REVIEW METHODS
Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full-texts independently. After rating the risk of bias only low to high overall confidence (AMSTAR 2) and low risk of bias (ROBIS) reviews were included.
RESULTS
Twelve systematic reviews were included. Due to substantial heterogeneity regarding study designs, methods, and outcomes all authors presented findings in a narrative synthesis. The validity and reliability of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel classification is supported by moderate quality evidence, and the reliability and criterion validity for Skin Tear Audit Research were rated insufficient. Overall, review results indicate that structured skin care programs are preferable to unstructured skin care with classic soap and water for maintaining skin integrity in general, preventing skin tears, and to prevent and treat xerosis cutis and incontinence-associated dermatitis. All reviews focusing on leave-on products for the prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis and diaper dermatitis indicate the effectiveness of barrier films or lipophilic leave-on products in adults, elderly people and paediatric care, but could not establish the superiority of any product.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of systematic reviews in the field of skin care is at high risk of bias and should not be used for evidence-based practice. Overall, evidence indicates, that structured skin care programs containing low-irritating cleansers and application of leave-on products are beneficial to maintain skin integrity and prevent skin damage across a wide range of different skin conditions across the life span.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Skin; Skin Care; Urinary Incontinence; Intertrigo
PubMed: 37099847
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104495