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American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Jul 2021Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or... (Review)
Review
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. The eyes may also be involved. Due to rosacea affecting the face, it has a profound negative impact on quality of life, self-esteem, and well-being. In addition to general skin care, there are several approved treatment options available for addressing these features, both topical and systemic. For some features, intense pulse light, laser, and surgery are of value. Recent advances in fundamental scientific research have underscored the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems as well as neurovascular dysregulation underlying the spectrum of clinical features of rosacea. Endogenous and exogenous stimuli may initiate and aggravate several pathways in patients with rosacea. This review covers the new phenotype-based diagnosis and classification system reflecting pathophysiology, and new and emerging treatment options and approaches. We address new topical and systemic formulations, as well as recent evidence on treatment combinations. In addition, ongoing studies investigating novel therapeutic interventions will be summarized.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermatologic Agents; Facial Dermatoses; Humans; Rosacea; Skin Care
PubMed: 33759078
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7 -
Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and... 2015Patients in acute and long-term care settings receive daily routine skin care, including washing, bathing, and showering, often followed by application of lotions,... (Review)
Review
Patients in acute and long-term care settings receive daily routine skin care, including washing, bathing, and showering, often followed by application of lotions, creams, and/or ointments. These personal hygiene and skin care activities are integral parts of nursing practice, but little is known about their benefits or clinical efficacy. The aim of this article was to summarize the empirical evidence supporting basic skin care procedures and interventions and to develop a clinical algorithm for basic skin care. Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched and afterward a forward search was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science. In order to evaluate a broad range of basic skin care interventions systematic reviews, intervention studies, and guidelines, consensus statements and best practice standards also were included in the analysis. One hundred twenty-one articles were read in full text; 41documents were included in this report about skin care for prevention of dry skin, prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries. The methodological quality of the included publications was variable. Review results and expert input were used to create a clinical algorithm for basic skin care. A 2-step approach is proposed including general and special skin care. Interventions focus primarily on skin that is either too dry or too moist. The target groups for the algorithm are adult patients or residents with intact or preclinical damaged skin in care settings. The goal of the skin care algorithm is a first attempt to provide guidance for practitioners to improve basic skin care in clinical settings in order to maintain or increase skin health.
Topics: Algorithms; Dermatitis; Evidence-Based Nursing; Humans; Long-Term Care; Self Care; Skin Care
PubMed: 26165590
DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000162 -
International Wound Journal Oct 2019The effective approach on pressure ulcer (PU) prevention regarding patient safety in the hospital context was evaluated. Studies were identified from searches in EBSCO... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effective approach on pressure ulcer (PU) prevention regarding patient safety in the hospital context was evaluated. Studies were identified from searches in EBSCO host, PubMed, and WebofScience databases from 2009 up to December 2018. Studies were selected if they were published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish; incidence of PUs was the primary outcome; participants were adults (≥18 years) admitted in hospital wards and/or units. The review included 26 studies. Studies related to prophylactic dressings applied in the sacrum, trochanters, and/or heels, education for health care professionals, and preventive skin care and system reminders on-screen inpatient care plan were effective in decreasing PUs. Most of the studies related to multiple intervention programmes were effective in decreasing PU occurrence. Single interventions, namely support surfaces and repositioning, were not always effective in preventing PUs. Repositioning only was effective when supported by technological pressure-mapping feedback or by a patient positioning system. Risk-assessment tools are not effective in preventing PUs. PUs in the hospital context are still a worldwide issue related to patient safety. Multiple intervention programmes were more effective in decreasing PU occurrence than single interventions in isolation. Single interventions (prophylactic dressings, support surfaces, repositioning, preventive skin care, system reminders, and education for health care professionals) were effective in decreasing PUs, which was always in compliance with other preventive measures. These results provide an overview of effective approaches that should be considered when establishing evidence-based guidelines to hospital health care professionals and administrators for clinical practice effective in preventing PUs.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Bandages; Case-Control Studies; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Patient Positioning; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pressure Ulcer; Primary Prevention; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Severity of Illness Index; Skin Care; Time Factors; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31264345
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13147 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Products designed to cleanse the skin commonly do so through surfactant action, which leads to the lowering of the surface tension of the skin to facilitate the removal... (Review)
Review
Products designed to cleanse the skin commonly do so through surfactant action, which leads to the lowering of the surface tension of the skin to facilitate the removal of dirt from its surface. Skin cleansers generally come in one of two types: soap-based and synthetic detergents, or syndets. While the latter can effectively maintain the native skin structure, function and integrity, the former tends to negatively affect the skin by causing barrier disruption, lipid dissolution and pH alteration. Despite this, soap is still often preferred, possibly due to the negative connotations around anything that is not perceived as 'natural'. It is, therefore, important that the science behind cleansers, especially those designed for the maintenance of healthy skin and the management of common skin conditions such as eczema, be understood by both formulators and end-users. Here, we carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of surfactant-the key ingredient(s) in skin cleansers-and provide insight into surfactants' physicochemical properties, biological activity and potential effects. Fine-tuning of the complex characteristics of surfactants can successfully lead to an 'optimal' skin cleanser that can simultaneously be milder in nature, highly effective and beneficial, and offer minimal skin interference and environmental impact.
Topics: Detergents; Skin; Skin Care; Soaps; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 35335373
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062010 -
Skin Therapy Letter May 2017A triad approach to the treatment of acne and rosacea has been recommended. This integrated management approach includes patient education, selection of therapeutic... (Review)
Review
A triad approach to the treatment of acne and rosacea has been recommended. This integrated management approach includes patient education, selection of therapeutic agents, and initiation of an appropriate skin care regime. Proper skin care in patients undergoing treatment of both acne and rosacea includes use of products formulated for sensitive skin that cleanse, moisturize and photoprotect the skin. Both acne and rosacea are associated with epidermal barrier dysfunction, which can be mitigated by suitable skin care practices. Appropriate skin care recommendations for patients with acne and rosacea will be discussed.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Rosacea; Skin Care
PubMed: 28492949
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and... (Review)
Review
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. This review highlights the beneficial effects of plants and plant constituents on the skin, including moisturizing (e.g., , , and ), anti-aging (e.g., , , and ), antimicrobial (e.g., and ), antioxidant (e.g., , , and ), anti-inflammatory (e.g., , , , , and ), regenerative (e.g., , , , and ), wound healing (e.g., , , , and ), photoprotective (e.g., , , and ) and anti-tyrosinase activity (e.g., , , , and ), as well as their role as excipients in cosmetics (coloring (e.g., , , and ), protective and aromatic agents (e.g., , , and )).
Topics: Plant Extracts; Skin; Cosmetics; Skin Care
PubMed: 37895122
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015444 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica May 2013The "acid mantle" is a topic not only of historical interest, but also of clinical significance and has recently been linked to vital stratum corneum function. Despite... (Review)
Review
The "acid mantle" is a topic not only of historical interest, but also of clinical significance and has recently been linked to vital stratum corneum function. Despite compelling basic science evidence placing skin pH as a key factor in barrier homeostasis, stratum corneum integrity, and antimicrobial defense, application of the acid mantle concept in clinical care is lacking. We review recent basic science investigations into skin pH, discuss skin disorders characterized by aberrant pH, and finally discuss practical application for preservation of the acid mantle. Recognizing factors that alter skin pH and selecting products that preserve the acid mantle is of prime importance in treating dermatologic patients.
Topics: Animals; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Skin; Skin Care; Skin Diseases; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 23322028
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1531 -
Nutrients Mar 2018The skin is the body's largest organ, it participates in sensitivity and offers protection against microorganisms, chemicals and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.... (Review)
Review
The skin is the body's largest organ, it participates in sensitivity and offers protection against microorganisms, chemicals and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Consequently, the skin may suffer alterations such as photo-ageing, immune dysfunction and inflammation which may significantly affect human health. Nutraceuticals represent a promising strategy for preventing, delaying, or minimising premature ageing of the skin and also to alleviate certain skin disorders. Among them, bioactive peptides and oligosaccharides, plant polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most widely used ingredients. Supplementation with these products has shown evidence of having an effect on the signs of ageing and protection against UV radiation ageing in several human trials. In this review, the most relevant human studies on skin nutraceuticals are evaluated and the statistical resolution, biological relevance of their results, and, the trial protocols are discussed. In conclusion, quality and rigorousness of the trials must be improved to build credible scientific evidence for skin nutraceuticals and to establish a cause-effect relationship between the ingredients the beneficial effects for the skin.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Skin Diseases; Sunlight; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 29587342
DOI: 10.3390/nu10040403 -
BMC Biology Jun 2019Use of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown. We evaluated...
BACKGROUND
Use of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown. We evaluated the impact of four beauty products (a facial lotion, a moisturizer, a foot powder, and a deodorant) on 11 volunteers over 9 weeks.
RESULTS
Mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA inventories of the skin revealed decreases in chemical as well as in bacterial and archaeal diversity on halting deodorant use. Specific compounds from beauty products used before the study remain detectable with half-lives of 0.5-1.9 weeks. The deodorant and foot powder increased molecular, bacterial, and archaeal diversity, while arm and face lotions had little effect on bacterial and archaeal but increased chemical diversity. Personal care product effects last for weeks and produce highly individualized responses, including alterations in steroid and pheromone levels and in bacterial and archaeal ecosystem structure and dynamics.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings may lead to next-generation precision beauty products and therapies for skin disorders.
Topics: Adult; Cosmetics; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Skin Care
PubMed: 31189482
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0660-6 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jul 2023Daily skin care routines are fundamental aspects of clinical nursing practice. Providing skin care, including skin cleansing and application of leave-on products have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Daily skin care routines are fundamental aspects of clinical nursing practice. Providing skin care, including skin cleansing and application of leave-on products have substantial impact on the prevention and treatment of a number of skin conditions. There are hundreds of individual studies about skin risks, classifications, skin conditions, prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To summarise the overall evidence regarding 1) risk factors associated with xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears, 2) the performance of diagnostic tests and/or classifications addressing the severity and/or signs and symptoms of xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears, 3) the effects of skin cleansing/care interventions for the maintenance and promotion of skin integrity in all age groups, 4) effects of skin cleansing/care interventions for the prevention of xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis/diaper dermatitis, intertrigo, skin tears in all age groups.
DESIGN
Umbrella review.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search in MEDLINE and Embase (via OvidSP), Cochrane and Epistemonikos was conducted. Reference lists and experts were consulted for potentially missed reviews.
REVIEW METHODS
Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full-texts independently. After rating the risk of bias only low to high overall confidence (AMSTAR 2) and low risk of bias (ROBIS) reviews were included.
RESULTS
Twelve systematic reviews were included. Due to substantial heterogeneity regarding study designs, methods, and outcomes all authors presented findings in a narrative synthesis. The validity and reliability of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel classification is supported by moderate quality evidence, and the reliability and criterion validity for Skin Tear Audit Research were rated insufficient. Overall, review results indicate that structured skin care programs are preferable to unstructured skin care with classic soap and water for maintaining skin integrity in general, preventing skin tears, and to prevent and treat xerosis cutis and incontinence-associated dermatitis. All reviews focusing on leave-on products for the prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis and diaper dermatitis indicate the effectiveness of barrier films or lipophilic leave-on products in adults, elderly people and paediatric care, but could not establish the superiority of any product.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of systematic reviews in the field of skin care is at high risk of bias and should not be used for evidence-based practice. Overall, evidence indicates, that structured skin care programs containing low-irritating cleansers and application of leave-on products are beneficial to maintain skin integrity and prevent skin damage across a wide range of different skin conditions across the life span.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Skin; Skin Care; Urinary Incontinence; Intertrigo
PubMed: 37099847
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104495