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Periodontology 2000 Jun 2018Altered passive eruption is described as a condition in which the relationship between teeth, alveolar bone and soft tissues creates an excessive display of gingiva,... (Review)
Review
Altered passive eruption is described as a condition in which the relationship between teeth, alveolar bone and soft tissues creates an excessive display of gingiva, commonly known as a 'gummy smile'. While there are authors who consider altered passive eruption to be a risk to periodontal health, its impact is greatest in terms of oral esthetics. The aim of periodontal management in such cases is not only to improve patient esthetics but also to restore periodontal health by re-establishing the normal relationship between the gingival margin, alveolar bone crest and cemento-enamel junction. The aim of this article is to present a narrative review of the etiology, classification and management of altered passive eruption.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Humans; Oral Surgical Procedures; Risk Factors; Smiling; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 29504162
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12206 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using... (Review)
Review
The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDES, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase. Papers in English, German, and Spanish, without restrictions in the year of publication, were included. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the NOS Scale. The search retrieved 537 references, and seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis. The results showed that trauma to a deciduous tooth can damage the bud of the permanent tooth. Enamel discoloration and/or hypoplasia were the most common sequelae in the permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessor. The type and severity of sequelae in the permanent tooth are associated with the development phase of the bud. Children with trauma of their primary teeth should receive checkups until the eruption of the permanent teeth for the early diagnosis and treatment of possible sequelae. Intrusion of the primary tooth was the trauma that caused the most damage and enamel alterations the most frequent sequelae.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dentition, Permanent; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Deciduous; Spain; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 35055575
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020754 -
British Dental Journal Oct 2019Enamel hypomineralisation is a qualitative defect, with reduced mineralisation resulting in discoloured enamel in a tooth of normal shape and size. Because the enamel is... (Review)
Review
Enamel hypomineralisation is a qualitative defect, with reduced mineralisation resulting in discoloured enamel in a tooth of normal shape and size. Because the enamel is weaker, teeth can undergo post eruptive breakdown, resulting in missing enamel. Enamel hypoplasia is a quantitative defect of the enamel presenting as pits, grooves, missing enamel or smaller teeth. It can sometimes be difficult to differentiate between the two. In this review paper, we aim to explain the importance of differentiating between the two conditions, and how to manage patients presenting with enamel defects.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 31654000
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0782-9 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Oct 2015This article is a review that enumerates the causes of impaction of the maxillary permanent canines, including hard tissue obstructions, soft tissue lesions, and... (Review)
Review
This article is a review that enumerates the causes of impaction of the maxillary permanent canines, including hard tissue obstructions, soft tissue lesions, and anomalies of neighboring teeth, and discusses the much-argued relationship between environmental and genetic factors. These phenomena have been shown in many investigations to accompany the diagnosis of canine impaction and have been presented as unrelated anomalous features, each of which is etiologically construed as genetic, including the aberrant canine itself. While in general the influence of genetics pervades the wider picture, a guidance theory proposes an alternative etiologic line of reasoning and interpretation of these studies, in which the same genetically determined anomalous features provide an abnormal milieu in which the canine is reared and from which it is guided in its misdirected and often abortive path of eruption.
Topics: Cuspid; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Maxilla; Odontogenesis; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Impacted
PubMed: 26432311
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.06.013 -
Head & Face Medicine Mar 2018Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not...
BACKGROUND
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not feasible in this case because it results in ankylosis of teeth. To the best of our knowledge, besides the study of Ahmad et al. (Eur J Orthod 28:535-540, 2006), no study has systematically analysed the clinical features of and factors associated with PFE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the current literature (from 2006 to 2017) for new insights and developments on the aetiology, diagnosis, genetics, and treatment options of PFE.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the PubMed/Medline database for studies reporting on PFE. The following terms were used: "primary failure of tooth eruption", "primary failure of eruption", "tooth eruption failure", and "PFE".
RESULTS
Overall, 17 articles reporting clinical data of 314 patients were identified. In all patients, the molars were affected. In 81 reported cases, both the molars and the premolars were affected by PFE. Further, 38 patients' primary teeth were also affected. In 27 patients, no family members were affected. Additional dental anomalies were observed in 39 patients. A total of 51 different variants of the PTH1R gene associated with PFE were recorded.
CONCLUSIONS
Infraocclusion of the posterior teeth, especially if both sides are affected, is the hallmark of PFE. If a patient is affected by PFE, all teeth distal to the most mesial tooth are also affected by PFE. Primary teeth can also be impacted; however, this may not necessarily occur. If a patient is suspected of having PFE, a genetic test for mutation in the PTH1R gene should be recommended prior to any orthodontic treatment to avoid ankylosis. Treatment options depend on the patient's age and the clinical situation, and they must be evaluated individually.
Topics: Age Factors; Bicuspid; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Male; Molar; Orthodontic Extrusion; Radiography, Panoramic; Sex Factors; Tooth Ankylosis; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Deciduous; Tooth, Unerupted
PubMed: 29544499
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0163-7 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2020Odontomas are hamartomatous developmental malformations of the dental tissues. Usually asymptomatic, their presence is often revealed on routine radiographs. The study... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Odontomas are hamartomatous developmental malformations of the dental tissues. Usually asymptomatic, their presence is often revealed on routine radiographs. The study aimed to establish the efficacy of this conventional approach in treating odontomas, analysing clinical outcome, follow-up, and histomorphological profile.
CASE REPORT
A case is presented with a review of the international literature. The patient, aged 8 years, had a complex odontoma localised on the front upper jaw. She was treated following the conventional surgical procedure. Post-operative course and healing were uneventful. Orthodontic treatment was necessary to realign the teeth. At the 12-month follow-up there was no recurrence or failure. Healing was excellent.
CONCLUSION
Variations in normal tooth eruption are a common finding, but significant deviations from established norms should alert the clinician to further investigate the patient's health and development.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Maxilla; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Odontoma; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Impacted
PubMed: 32893652
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.03.08 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021A dentigerous cyst (DC) is a pathology embracing the crown of an unerupted tooth at risk of malignant transformation. The causal tooth is usually removed together with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A dentigerous cyst (DC) is a pathology embracing the crown of an unerupted tooth at risk of malignant transformation. The causal tooth is usually removed together with the cyst. However, if there are orthodontic contraindications for extraction, two questions arise. (1) Which factors favor spontaneous eruption? (2) Which factors imply the necessity of applying orthodontic traction? This systematic review aimed to identify factors conducive/inconducive to the spontaneous eruption of teeth after dentigerous cyst marsupialization.
METHODS
In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in the PICO format (P: patients with dentigerous cysts; I: spontaneous tooth eruption after surgical DC treatment; C: lack of a spontaneous tooth eruption after surgical DC treatment; O: determining factors potentially influencing spontaneous tooth eruption). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for keywords combining dentigerous/odontogenic/follicular cysts with teeth and/or orthodontics, as well as human teeth and eruption patterns/intervals/periods/durations. The following data were extracted from the qualified articles (4 out of 3005 found initially): the rate of tooth eruption after surgical treatment of the cyst, the age and sex of the patients, the perpendicular projection distance between the top of the tooth cusp and the edge of the alveolar process, tooth angulation, the root formation stage, the cyst area, and the eruption space. The articles were subjected to risk of bias and quality analyses with the ROBINS-I protocol and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa QAS, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed with both fixed and random effects models. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under ID CRD42020189044.
RESULTS
Nearly 62% of DC-associated premolars erupted spontaneously after cyst marsupialization/decompression. Young age (mean = 10 years) and root formation not exceeding 1/2 of its fully developed length were the factors likely to favor spontaneous eruption.
CONCLUSION
The small number of published studies, as well as their heterogeneity and the critical risk of bias, did not allow the creation of evidence-based protocols for managing teeth with DC after marsupialization. More high-quality research is needed to draw more reliable conclusions.
Topics: Bicuspid; Child; Dentigerous Cyst; Humans; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Impacted; Tooth, Unerupted
PubMed: 33827533
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01542-y -
Australian Dental Journal Dec 2019The extraction of permanent molar teeth was first introduced in 1976 as a substitution for premolar extraction in cases with mild crowding. Since then, a number of... (Review)
Review
The extraction of permanent molar teeth was first introduced in 1976 as a substitution for premolar extraction in cases with mild crowding. Since then, a number of studies have investigated the effect of permanent molar extraction on dentofacial harmony. Undertaking the procedure of molar extraction is most commonly recommended in response to factors such as: gross caries, large restorations and root-filled teeth, along with its application in the management of anterior open bite and reduction in crowding in facial regions. It has been indicated, however, that before undertaking the extraction of molar teeth it is important to investigate the potential influence of the procedure on other molars, with particular consideration of their eruption path. This is due to the doubt as to the effect of the exact molar teeth extraction and their consequences. In light of this, This review was undertaken to investigate and compare the effect of first, second and the third molar teeth extraction and their subsequent dentofacial complex changes.
Topics: Bicuspid; Humans; Molar; Molar, Third; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 31465537
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12716 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jan 2017Tooth development involves epithelium invagination, mesenchyme aggregation, and epithelium-mesenchyme communication. A sophisticated signaling pathway network regulates... (Review)
Review
Tooth development involves epithelium invagination, mesenchyme aggregation, and epithelium-mesenchyme communication. A sophisticated signaling pathway network regulates the differentiation and crosstalk of multiple cell types in tooth germs and coordinates the broad spectrum of complex processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA species that have been relatively well studied over the last few years, are now proposed as important regulators of tooth developmental signaling pathways as they repress cellular protein levels to provide a posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNA characteristics in regulating morphogenesis, amelogenesis, dentin formation, and tooth eruption and how they interplay with the signaling molecules during these processes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; MicroRNAs; Odontogenesis; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 27835837
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.026 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Oct 2018The principles of formation, renewal, and eruption of teeth are discussed. Numerous genetic aberrations may affect the formation and eruption of teeth. Cleidocranial... (Review)
Review
The principles of formation, renewal, and eruption of teeth are discussed. Numerous genetic aberrations may affect the formation and eruption of teeth. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), caused by mutations in the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene, is such a condition. The dental phenotype includes problems in both tooth formation (multiple supernumerary permanent teeth) and tooth eruption (lack of shedding of primary teeth and delayed or arrested eruption of permanent teeth). Clinical studies, animal models, and molecular biology studies have documented that RUNX2 is of paramount importance for osteoblast differentiation, for regression of the dental lamina, and for osteoclastogenesis in the dental follicle and the periodontal ligament. Jensen & Kreiborg, 25 yr ago, proposed a treatment strategy to be applied to patients with CCD, focussing on the importance of early treatment to promote spontaneous eruption of permanent teeth through extraction of primary teeth, surgical removal of supernumerary teeth, and removal of bone covering the first formed permanent teeth at the time when root formation of the permanent teeth has reached half or two-thirds of their final length. This strategy still seems valid and seems to lead to reduction in the burden of care for patients compared with the treatment protocols otherwise recommended.
Topics: Cleidocranial Dysplasia; Humans; Radiography, Panoramic; Tooth; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 30178560
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12418