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Archives of Oral Biology Jan 2017Tooth development involves epithelium invagination, mesenchyme aggregation, and epithelium-mesenchyme communication. A sophisticated signaling pathway network regulates... (Review)
Review
Tooth development involves epithelium invagination, mesenchyme aggregation, and epithelium-mesenchyme communication. A sophisticated signaling pathway network regulates the differentiation and crosstalk of multiple cell types in tooth germs and coordinates the broad spectrum of complex processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA species that have been relatively well studied over the last few years, are now proposed as important regulators of tooth developmental signaling pathways as they repress cellular protein levels to provide a posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNA characteristics in regulating morphogenesis, amelogenesis, dentin formation, and tooth eruption and how they interplay with the signaling molecules during these processes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; MicroRNAs; Odontogenesis; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 27835837
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.026 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2018Altered passive eruption is described as a condition in which the relationship between teeth, alveolar bone and soft tissues creates an excessive display of gingiva,... (Review)
Review
Altered passive eruption is described as a condition in which the relationship between teeth, alveolar bone and soft tissues creates an excessive display of gingiva, commonly known as a 'gummy smile'. While there are authors who consider altered passive eruption to be a risk to periodontal health, its impact is greatest in terms of oral esthetics. The aim of periodontal management in such cases is not only to improve patient esthetics but also to restore periodontal health by re-establishing the normal relationship between the gingival margin, alveolar bone crest and cemento-enamel junction. The aim of this article is to present a narrative review of the etiology, classification and management of altered passive eruption.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Humans; Oral Surgical Procedures; Risk Factors; Smiling; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 29504162
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12206 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Sep 2021Tooth eruption is closely linked to the normal development of dentition and proper establishment of occlusion. Disturbances in tooth eruption may affect oral... (Review)
Review
Tooth eruption is closely linked to the normal development of dentition and proper establishment of occlusion. Disturbances in tooth eruption may affect oral physiological functions, facial contour and aesthetics; it is therefore important to understand the eruption process. This process is a complex biological event involving dynamic changes at the tissue and cellular levels. It is guided by anatomical structures as well as biological and molecular factors that result in the movement of the tooth to its final functional position in the oral cavity. Evidence increasingly suggests that stem cells contribute to tooth development and eruption. Multiple stem cell populations have been discovered in teeth and in their supporting tissues, such as dental follicle precursor cells, orofacial bone-/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla and dental pulp stem cells. These stem cells exhibit distinct differentiation capacities and are closely linked to alveolar bone remodelling, periodontium development and root formation during the eruption process. The present review summarises the current knowledge of the characteristics and functions of orofacial stem cells in tooth eruption, with a particular focus on recent discoveries concerning their lineage allocation and regulatory mechanisms.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Periodontal Ligament; Stem Cells; Tooth; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 34491008
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b1965049 -
British Dental Journal Feb 1992Teeth have been moved in man for centuries and the process of tooth eruption has occurred presumably since he evolved. The cellular and molecular mechanisms which are... (Review)
Review
Teeth have been moved in man for centuries and the process of tooth eruption has occurred presumably since he evolved. The cellular and molecular mechanisms which are involved in these two phenomena are amongst the most intriguing questions in dental research today. The aim of this paper is to review some of the theories which have been proposed to explain the two processes. It is also intended to place in context the contribution being made by biological sciences, which might explain tooth eruption and tooth movement. It is not the intention to describe morphologic observations which are well documented and illustrated in more elaborate texts.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Collagen; Cytokines; Humans; Orthodontics, Corrective; Osteoblasts; Prostaglandins; Second Messenger Systems; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 1543616
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4807796 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... Apr 2014Tooth eruption is of the utmost importance for the normal development of the dentition and the face. Since the 1980s, it has been known that the tooth germ itself is not... (Review)
Review
Tooth eruption is of the utmost importance for the normal development of the dentition and the face. Since the 1980s, it has been known that the tooth germ itself is not essential for facilitating the processes that make tooth eruption possible. For that reason, recent research on the regulatory mechanisms of tooth eruption has focused mainly on the enamel organ and the dental follicle. Different regulatory mechanisms act on the occlusal and the apical sides of an erupting tooth. On the occlusal side osteoclast differentiation is stimulated. This leads to the development of an eruption canal, a process in which macrophages and matrix metalloproteases also play an important role. On the apical side the most important factors are the transcription factor RUNX2 and the bone morphogenic protein 2. They are responsible for the deposition of trabecular bone in that area. Many regulatory mechanisms which are involved in tooth eruption are also active in other developmental processes. This explains that certain syndromes can also have an effect on the tooth eruption process.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Growth Substances; Humans; Osteoclasts; Signal Transduction; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Germ; Tooth Root; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 24881262
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics Mar 2016Symptoms associated with the primary tooth eruption have been extensively studied but it is still controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Symptoms associated with the primary tooth eruption have been extensively studied but it is still controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the occurrence of local and systemic signs and symptoms during primary tooth eruption.
DATA SOURCES
Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. A partial gray literature search was taken by using Google Scholar and the reference lists of the included studies were scanned.
STUDY SELECTION
Observational studies assessing the association of eruption of primary teeth with local and systemic signs and symptoms in children aged 0 to 36 months were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors independently collected the information from the selected articles. Information was crosschecked and confirmed for its accuracy.
RESULTS
A total of 1179 articles were identified, and after a 2-phase selection, 16 studies were included. Overall prevalence of signs and symptoms occurring during primary tooth eruption in children between 0 and 36 months was 70.5% (total sample = 3506). Gingival irritation (86.81%), irritability (68.19%), and drooling (55.72%) were the most frequent ones.
LIMITATIONS
Different general symptoms were considered among studies. Some studies presented lack of confounding factors, no clear definition of the diagnostics methods, use of subjective measures and long intervals between examinations.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence of the occurrence of signs and symptoms during primary tooth eruption. For body temperature analyses, eruption could lead to a rise in temperature, but it was not characterized as fever.
Topics: Appetite; Body Temperature; Child; Humans; Irritable Mood; Salivation; Sleep; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 26908659
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3501 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2013Root development and tooth eruption are very important topics in dentistry. However, they remain among the less-studied and -understood subjects. Root development...
Root development and tooth eruption are very important topics in dentistry. However, they remain among the less-studied and -understood subjects. Root development accompanies rapid tooth eruption, but roots are required for the movement of teeth into the oral cavity. It has been shown that the dental follicle and bone remodeling are essential for tooth eruption. So far, only limited genes have been associated with root formation and tooth eruption. This may be due to the difficulties in studying late stages of tooth development and tooth movement and the lack of good model systems. Transgenic mice with eruption problems and short or no roots can be used as a powerful model for further deciphering of the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying root formation and tooth eruption. Better understanding of these processes can provide hints on delivering more efficient dental therapies in the future.
Topics: Animals; Odontoblasts; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Root; beta Catenin
PubMed: 23345536
DOI: 10.1177/0022034512474469 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2011Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. It is the... (Review)
Review
Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. It is the result of an inadequate relation between the lower edge of the upper lip, the positioning of the anterosuperior teeth, the location of the upper jaw, and the gingival margin position with respect to the dental crown. Altered Passive Eruption (APE) is a clinical situation produced by excessive gum overlapping over the enamel limits, resulting in a short clinical crown appearance, that gives the sensation of hidden teeth. The term itself suggests the causal mechanism, i.e., failure in the passive phase of dental eruption, though there is no scientific evidence to support this. While there are some authors who consider APE to be a risk situation for periodontal health, its clearest clinical implication refers to oral esthetics. APE is a factor that frequently contributes to the presence of a gummy or gingival smile, and it can easily be corrected by periodontal surgery. Nevertheless, it is essential to establish a correct differential diagnosis and good treatment plan. A literature review is presented of the dental eruption process, etiological hypotheses of APE, its morphologic classification, and its clinical relevance.
Topics: Gingiva; Humans; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 20711147
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.16.e100 -
The International Journal of... Feb 1995Tooth eruption is a localized process in the jaws which exhibits precise timing and bilateral symmetry. It involves resorption and formation of bone on opposite sides of... (Review)
Review
Tooth eruption is a localized process in the jaws which exhibits precise timing and bilateral symmetry. It involves resorption and formation of bone on opposite sides of the erupting tooth and these activities depend on the dental follicle, a thin connective tissue investment of the developing and erupting tooth. Biochemical studies have shown that during eruption cells, proteins and enzymes change in the dental follicle and several growth factors and proteins known to accelerate or retard eruption have been identified. This review discusses these aspects of tooth eruption and proposes testable hypotheses and strategies that can make studies of tooth eruption new experimental opportunities for developmental biologists.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dogs; Humans; Models, Biological; Molar; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 7626410
DOI: No ID Found -
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and... 2002Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Mononuclear cells (osteoclast precursors)... (Review)
Review
Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Mononuclear cells (osteoclast precursors) must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. These cells, in turn, fuse to form osteoclasts that resorb alveolar bone, forming an eruption pathway for the tooth to exit its bony crypt. Some of the molecules possibly involved in the signaling cascades of eruption have been proposed in studies from null mice, osteopetrotic rodents, injections of putative eruption molecules, and cultured dental follicle cells. In particular, recruitment of the mononuclear cells to the follicle may require colony-stimulating factor-one (CSF-1) and/or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Osteoclastogenesis is needed for the bone resorption and may involve inhibition of osteoprotegerin transcription and synthesis in the follicle, as well as enhancement of receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand (RANKL), in the adjacent alveolar bone and/or in the follicle. Paracrine signaling by parathyroid-hormone-related protein and interleukin -1 alpha, produced in the stellate reticulum adjacent to the follicle, may also play a role in regulating eruption. Osteoblasts might also influence the process of eruption, the most important physiologic role likely being at the eruptive site, in the formation of osteoclasts through signaling via the RANKL/OPG pathway. Evidence thus far supports a role for an osteoblast-specific transcription factor, Cbfa1 (Runx2), in molecular events that regulate tooth eruption. Cbfa1 is also expressed at high levels by the dental follicle cells. This review concludes with a discussion of the several human conditions that result in a failure of or delay in tooth eruption.
Topics: Animals; Dental Sac; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Growth Substances; Humans; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Signal Transduction; Tooth Eruption; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 12191959
DOI: 10.1177/154411130201300403