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Nature Reviews. Disease Primers Jul 2018Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous bacteria found in a wide variety of aquatic and marine habitats; of the >100 described Vibrio spp., ~12 cause infections in humans.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous bacteria found in a wide variety of aquatic and marine habitats; of the >100 described Vibrio spp., ~12 cause infections in humans. Vibrio cholerae can cause cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease that can be quickly fatal if untreated and is typically transmitted via contaminated water and person-to-person contact. Non-cholera Vibrio spp. (for example, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus) cause vibriosis - infections normally acquired through exposure to sea water or through consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. Non-cholera bacteria can lead to several clinical manifestations, most commonly mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis, with the exception of V. vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality that causes wound infections that can rapidly lead to septicaemia. Treatment for Vibrio spp. infection largely depends on the causative pathogen: for example, rehydration therapy for V. cholerae infection and debridement of infected tissues for V. vulnificus-associated wound infections, with antibiotic therapy for severe cholera and systemic infections. Although cholera is preventable and effective oral cholera vaccines are available, outbreaks can be triggered by natural or man-made events that contaminate drinking water or compromise access to safe water and sanitation. The incidence of vibriosis is rising, perhaps owing in part to the spread of Vibrio spp. favoured by climate change and rising sea water temperature.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholera; Cholera Vaccines; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Quality of Life; Trace Elements; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Zinc
PubMed: 30002421
DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0005-8 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2018
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Humans; Male; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 30044934
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1716464 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 2015Vibriosis is a group of intestinal and extraintestinal infections caused by marine-dwelling bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Infections range from indolent illnesses to... (Review)
Review
Vibriosis is a group of intestinal and extraintestinal infections caused by marine-dwelling bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Infections range from indolent illnesses to fulminant diseases, including cholera and necrotizing fasciitis. Most illnesses result from direct contact with the marine environment or consumption of shellfish, especially oysters. In the United States vibrio infections are increasing but are underreported because of lack of clinical recognition and appropriate detection in the microbiology laboratory. Recent advances to aid in the detection and identification of vibrio illnesses in the laboratory include rapid identification tests, new media, and molecular identification systems.
Topics: Foodborne Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Seafood; Specimen Handling; United States; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 26004642
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.007 -
Primary Care Sep 2018Aquatic-based infections can present a treatment challenge for primary care physicians because of the likely polymicrobial nature of the infection and the possibility of... (Review)
Review
Aquatic-based infections can present a treatment challenge for primary care physicians because of the likely polymicrobial nature of the infection and the possibility of uncommon pathogenic organisms. Although Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species that colonize the skin are the most common etiologic agents associated with saltwater and freshwater skin and soft tissue infections, other significant pathogens can include Vibrio, Aeromonas, Edwardsiella, Erysipelothrix, and Mycobacterium. Early detection and appropriate management of aquatic infections can significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, and management for the most common water-borne pathogens causing skin and soft tissue infections.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erysipelothrix; Erysipelothrix Infections; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Soft Tissue Infections; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 30115341
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.010 -
Trends in Microbiology Jan 2020
Topics: Foodborne Diseases; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Humans; Phylogeny; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Wound Infection
PubMed: 31519331
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.006 -
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections.Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2016The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be... (Review)
Review
The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. They are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but can also spread to the bloodstream, resulting in primary septicaemia, and it can also cause disease via wound infections. The objective of this article is to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and importance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in South America, in environmental waters and seafood, especifically molluscan shellfish, as well as human infection cases and outbreaks. It appears that infections from V. parahaemolyticus have been more strongly related to shellfish ingestion and have been more frequently reported on the Pacific coast of South America. Conversely, V. vulnificus has been more frequently acquired by water contact with open wounds and its presence has been more heavily reported along the Atlantic coast of South America, and while documented to cause serious mortality, have been relatively few in number. The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been observed to cause an increase in V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks on the Pacific coast of South America. The implementation of a regulated monitoring approach, along with the use of faster, more accurate and virulence-specific detection approaches, such as PCR confirmation, should be considered to detect the presence of pathogenic Vibrio strains in environmental and seafood samples for protection of public health. Furthermore, improved clinical surveillance with suspected cases should be implemented. This review highlights the need for more research and monitoring of vibrios in South America, in water, shellfish and clinical samples.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mollusca; Seafood; Shellfish; South America; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 27459915
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13246 -
JAMA Mar 2023
Topics: Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 36763351
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.0174 -
The Journal of Infection Jun 2017Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is likely to have originated in the Indian sub-continent; however, it... (Review)
Review
Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is likely to have originated in the Indian sub-continent; however, it spread to cause six worldwide pandemics between 1817-1923. The ongoing seventh worldwide pandemic of cholera began in 1961. The intensity, duration and severity of cholera epidemics have been increasing, signaling the need for more effective control and prevention measures. The response to the cholera pandemics of the 19th century led to the development of safe and effective sanitation and water systems which have effectively removed the risk of cholera in many settings. However, such systems are not in place to protect billions of people worldwide. Although some progress has been made in expanding access to water in recent years, achieving optimal infrastructure will, in the most optimistic scenario, take decades. Climate change, extreme weather events and rapid urbanisation suggests that alternatives to the current paradigm of providing large centralised water and sanitation systems should be considered, including smaller decentralised systems. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding management of cholera with a focus on prevention measures including vaccination and water and sanitation interventions.
Topics: Cholera; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Management; Humans; Pandemics; Sanitation; Water Purification
PubMed: 28646965
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30194-9 -
Marine Biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2021Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most common and serious diseases in shrimp aquaculture. Relevant works have focused on the gut...
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most common and serious diseases in shrimp aquaculture. Relevant works have focused on the gut microbiota-disease relationship when serious AHPND occurs. In contrast, little is known about how the gut microbiota responds to pathogen infection over AHPND progression, whereas this knowledge is fundamental to uncover the etiology of AHPND. Here, we explored the temporal succession of shrimp gut microbiota during Vibrio anguillarum (a causal pathogen of AHPND) challenge. The successful infection of V. anguillarum was confirmed by linearly increased abundance of the pathogen in the shrimp gut over AHPND progression. V. anguillarum infection caused an irreversible disruption in the shrimp gut microbiota, of which infection and hours post infection (hpi) respectively constrained 6.2% and 10.2% of variation in the data. Furthermore, the predicted functional pathways involved in immunity and metabolism significantly decreased, while those facilitating infectious diseases significantly enriched in the infected shrimp. Intriguingly, after ruling out the effect of background changes in gut microbiota, we identified 20 infection-discriminatory taxa that could be served as independent variables for accurately (89.4%) diagnosing V. anguillarum infection, even at the early infection stage, i.e., 24 hpi. Using a consensus network, we identified several Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas taxa that directly antagonized V. anguillarum, following the Darwin's niche theory. This is one of the few attempts to identify gut bioindicators for diagnosing pathogen infection. In addition, the antagonistic commensals of V. anguillarum might be the candidate probiotics for preventing AHPND.
Topics: Animals; Necrosis; Penaeidae; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 34739620
DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10079-8 -
Communicable Diseases Intelligence... Feb 2022Vibrio infection was rarely reported in Tasmania prior to 2016, when a multistate outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with Tasmanian oysters was identified...
Vibrio infection was rarely reported in Tasmania prior to 2016, when a multistate outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with Tasmanian oysters was identified and 11 people reported ill. Since then, sporadic foodborne cases have been identified following consumption of commercially- and recreationally-harvested oysters. The increases in both foodborne and non-foodborne Vibrio infections in Tasmania are likely associated with increased sea water temperatures. As oyster production increases and climate change raises the sea surface temperature of our coastline, Tasmania expects to see more vibriosis cases. Vibriosis due to oyster consumption has been reported in other Australian states, but the variability in notification requirements between jurisdictions makes case and outbreak detection difficult and potentially hampers any public health response to prevent further illness.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Ostreidae; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35168502
DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2022.46.8