-
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2018
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Humans; Male; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 30044934
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1716464 -
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections.Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2016The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be... (Review)
Review
The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. They are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but can also spread to the bloodstream, resulting in primary septicaemia, and it can also cause disease via wound infections. The objective of this article is to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and importance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in South America, in environmental waters and seafood, especifically molluscan shellfish, as well as human infection cases and outbreaks. It appears that infections from V. parahaemolyticus have been more strongly related to shellfish ingestion and have been more frequently reported on the Pacific coast of South America. Conversely, V. vulnificus has been more frequently acquired by water contact with open wounds and its presence has been more heavily reported along the Atlantic coast of South America, and while documented to cause serious mortality, have been relatively few in number. The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been observed to cause an increase in V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks on the Pacific coast of South America. The implementation of a regulated monitoring approach, along with the use of faster, more accurate and virulence-specific detection approaches, such as PCR confirmation, should be considered to detect the presence of pathogenic Vibrio strains in environmental and seafood samples for protection of public health. Furthermore, improved clinical surveillance with suspected cases should be implemented. This review highlights the need for more research and monitoring of vibrios in South America, in water, shellfish and clinical samples.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mollusca; Seafood; Shellfish; South America; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 27459915
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13246 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Nov 2018Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming primary septicemia caused by consuming contaminated seafood, wound infections acquired when an open wound is exposed to contaminated warm seawater, and gastrointestinal tract-limited infections. Case-fatality rates are higher than 50% for primary septicemia, and death typically occurs within 72 hours of hospitalization. Risk factors for V. vulnificus infection include chronic liver disease, alcoholism, and hematological disorders. When V. vulnificus infection is suspected, appropriate antibiotic treatment and surgical interventions should be performed immediately. Third-generation cephalosporin with doxycycline, or quinolone with or without third-generation cephalosporin, may be potential treatment options for patients with V. vulnificus infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Female; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Public Health; Risk Factors; Seafood; Seawater; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Young Adult
PubMed: 29898575
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.159 -
Microbiological Research May 2019Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V. parahaemolyticus can cause diseases in marine aquaculture, leading to huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. More importantly, it is also the leading cause of seafood-borne diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. With the development of animal model, next-generation sequencing as well as biochemical and cell biological technologies, deeper understanding of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus has been gained. As a globally transmitted pathogen, the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus is closely related to a variety of virulence factors. This article comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of eight types of virulence factors: hemolysin, type III secretion system, type VI secretion system, adhesion factor, iron uptake system, lipopolysaccharide, protease and outer membrane proteins. This review comprehensively summarized our current understanding of the virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus, which are potentially new targets for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Iron; Lipopolysaccharides; Peptide Hydrolases; Seafood; Type III Secretion Systems; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30928029
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.003 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Global ocean warming results in an increase of infectious diseases including an elevated emergence of spp. in Northern Europe. The European Centre for Disease...
Global ocean warming results in an increase of infectious diseases including an elevated emergence of spp. in Northern Europe. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported annual periods of high to very high risks of infection with spp. during summer months along the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. Based on those facts, the risk of infections associated with recreational bathing in European coastal waters increases. To obtain an overview of the seasonal and spatial distribution of potentially human pathogenic spp. at German coasts, this study monitored , , and at seven recreational bathing areas from 2017 to 2018, including the heat wave event in summer 2018. The study shows that all three species occurred in water and sediment samples at all sampling sites. Temperature was shown to be the main driving factor of abundance, whereas community composition was mainly modulated by salinity. A species-specific rapid increase was observed at water temperatures above 10°C, reaching the highest detection numbers during the heat wave event with abundances of 4.5 log10 CFU+1/100 ml of seawater and 6.5 log10 CFU+1/100 g of sediment. Due to salinity, the dominant species found in North Sea samples was , whereas was predominantly detected in Baltic Sea samples. Most detections of were associated with estuarine samples from both seas. spp. concentrations in sediments were up to three log higher compared to water samples, indicating that sediments are an important habitat for spp. to persist in the environment. Antibiotic resistances were found against beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin 31%, cefazolin 36%, and oxacillin and penicillin 100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45%). Moreover, isolates harboring pathogenicity-associated genes such as for as well as , /, and the 16S rRNA-type B variant for were detected. All sampled isolates were identified as non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 serotypes. To sum up, increasing water temperatures at German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts provoke elevated numbers and encourage human recreational water activities, resulting in increased exposure rates. Owing to a moderate Baltic Sea salinity, the risk of infections is of particular concern.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Water
PubMed: 35937704
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.846819 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Mar 2022infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a...
BACKGROUND
infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a nationally notifiable disease since 2000 in Korea. The aims of this study were to assess the trends in the incidence of infection and its case fatality rate and to determine the epidemiologic characteristics to effectively prevent infection and lower mortality.
METHODS
We analyzed the incidence trends of infection by year, month, and region in 913 cases reported to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC, currently Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency) by the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2001 to 2016. We analyzed the number of patients with infection who were under the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and whose coastal seawater temperature data were provided by the Korea Oceanographic Data Center of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. Epidemiological investigations were followed up and analyzed for 761 patients from 2003 to 2016. A total of 152 patients who were not followed up were excluded from the analysis. The case fatality rate was analyzed for 325 cases reported to the KCDC from 2011 to 2016.
RESULTS
The mean incidence of infection was 0.12 per 100,000 people, and the highest incidence was reported in September (41.1%) during the study period. The incidence rate per 100,000 people was the highest in Jeonnam (8.23). The number of patients who claimed to the NHIS was the highest in September (105 patients). The average seawater temperature was the highest at 24.1°C in August, and the average seawater temperature from August to October, when many cases occurred, was 22.4°C. The male-to-female ratio was 6:1, and 96.4% of the patients were aged ≥ 40 years. Of the patients, 96.1% had underlying diseases, the most common of which was liver cirrhosis (56.3%). The case fatality rate was 48.9%.
CONCLUSION
The occurrence of infection showed distinct seasonality, with a large number of cases occurring in the months when the seawater temperature was high; there were also distinct geographical characteristics. The incidence of infection and mortality rates have not decreased for decades, and it is still an important public health problem with a high fatality rate.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 35257530
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e79 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2022Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months... (Review)
Review
Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months in patients after seaside activities. Detailed knowledge of circulating pathogenic strains and heterogeneities in infection outcomes and disease dynamics may help in patient management. We conducted a multicenter case-series study documenting Vibrio infections in 67 patients from 8 hospitals in the Bay of Biscay, France, over a 19-year period. Infections were mainly caused by V. alginolyticus (34%), V. parahaemolyticus (30%), non-O1/O139 V. cholerae (15%), and V. vulnificus (10%). Drug-susceptibility testing revealed intermediate and resistant strains to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. The acute infections (e.g., those involving digestive disorder, cellulitis, osteitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis) led to a life-threatening event (septic shock), amputation, or death in 36% of patients. Physicians may need to add vibriosis to their list of infections to assess in patients with associated risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Bays; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio; Penicillins; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36418019
DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220748 -
Communicable Diseases Intelligence... Feb 2022Vibrio infection was rarely reported in Tasmania prior to 2016, when a multistate outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with Tasmanian oysters was identified...
Vibrio infection was rarely reported in Tasmania prior to 2016, when a multistate outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with Tasmanian oysters was identified and 11 people reported ill. Since then, sporadic foodborne cases have been identified following consumption of commercially- and recreationally-harvested oysters. The increases in both foodborne and non-foodborne Vibrio infections in Tasmania are likely associated with increased sea water temperatures. As oyster production increases and climate change raises the sea surface temperature of our coastline, Tasmania expects to see more vibriosis cases. Vibriosis due to oyster consumption has been reported in other Australian states, but the variability in notification requirements between jurisdictions makes case and outbreak detection difficult and potentially hampers any public health response to prevent further illness.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Ostreidae; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35168502
DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2022.46.8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2017Members of the Vibrio genus are autochthonous inhabitants of aquatic environments and play vital roles in sustaining the aquatic milieu. The genus comprises about 100... (Review)
Review
Members of the Vibrio genus are autochthonous inhabitants of aquatic environments and play vital roles in sustaining the aquatic milieu. The genus comprises about 100 species, which are mostly of marine or freshwater origin, and their classification is frequently updated due to the continuous discovery of novel species. The main route of transmission of Vibrio pathogens to man is through drinking of contaminated water and consumption inadequately cooked aquatic food products. In sub-Saharan Africa and much of the developing world, some rural dwellers use freshwater resources such as rivers for domestic activities, bathing, and cultural and religious purposes. This review describes the impact of inadequately treated sewage effluents on the receiving freshwater resources and the associated risk to the rural dwellers that depends on the water. Vibrio infections remain a threat to public health. In the last decade, Vibrio disease outbreaks have created alertness on the personal, economic, and public health uncertainties associated with the impact of contaminated water in the aquatic environment of sub-Saharan Africa. In this review, we carried out an overview of Vibrio pathogens in rural water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa and the implication of Vibrio pathogens on public health. Continuous monitoring of Vibrio pathogens among environmental freshwater and treated effluents is expected to help reduce the risk associated with the early detection of sources of infection, and also aid our understanding of the natural ecology and evolution of Vibrio pathogens.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fresh Water; Humans; Rural Population; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 28991153
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101188 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises the issue of how hypoxia destroys normal physiological function and host immunity against pathogens. However, there are few or...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises the issue of how hypoxia destroys normal physiological function and host immunity against pathogens. However, there are few or no comprehensive omics studies on this effect. From an evolutionary perspective, animals living in complex and changeable marine environments might develop signaling pathways to address bacterial threats under hypoxia. In this study, the ancient genomic model animal and widespread were utilized to study the effect. . was challenged by . or (and) exposed to hypoxia. The effects of hypoxia and infection were identified, and a theoretical model of the host critical signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and infection was defined by methods of comparative metabolomics and proteomics on the entire liver. The changing trends of some differential metabolites and proteins under hypoxia, infection or double stressors were consistent. The model includes transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathways, and the consistent changing trends indicated that the host liver tended toward cell proliferation. Hypoxia and infection caused tissue damage and fibrosis in the portal area of the liver, which may be related to TGF-β1 signal transduction. We propose that LRG (leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein) is widely involved in the transition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and pathogenic infection in vertebrates as a conserved molecule.
Topics: Animals; Epidermal Growth Factor; Hypoxia; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Takifugu; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35095928
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.825358