-
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus , that has been affecting many species of economically... (Review)
Review
Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus , that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.
Topics: Humans; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Vibrio Infections; Aquaculture; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37628723
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022, as one of the main pathogens of marine vibriosis, has brought huge losses to aquaculture. However, the interaction mechanism between and remains unclear. Moreover,...
, as one of the main pathogens of marine vibriosis, has brought huge losses to aquaculture. However, the interaction mechanism between and remains unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of comprehensive multi-omics analysis of the immune response of grouper spleen to . Herein, was artificially injected with , and it was found that the mortality was 16.7% in the early stage of infection, and accompanied by obvious histopathological lesions in the spleen. Furthermore, 1586 differentially expressed genes were screened by mRNA-seq. KEGG analysis showed that genes were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, Acute-phase immune response, Apoptosis, Complement system and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. As for miRNA-seq analysis, a total of 55 significantly different miRNAs were identified. Further functional annotation analysis indicated that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in three important pathways (Phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Lysosome and Focal adhesions). Through mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis, 1427 significant miRNA-mRNA pairs were obtained and " signaling pathway", "Intestinal immune network for IgA production" were considered as two crucial pathways. Finally, , , , , , and may be as key miRNAs to regulate immune signaling pathways the miRNA-mRNA interaction network. The above results suggest that the mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis not only sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between host and but also provides valuable and new insights into resistance to vibrio infection.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Fish Diseases; Immunity, Innate; MicroRNAs; RNA, Messenger; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 36059501
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982973 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2018Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a gram-negative bacterium, which causes life-threatening septicemia and gastroenteritis through the consumption of contaminated...
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a gram-negative bacterium, which causes life-threatening septicemia and gastroenteritis through the consumption of contaminated seafood or wound infection. In addition, V. vulnificus infection is known to stimulate the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with inflammatory responses mediated predominantly by dendritic cells (DCs), functioning as antigen-presenting cells. The present study aimed to investigate whether V. vulnificus infection induced the maturation and activation of murine DCs, which have the ability to polarize T helper (Th) cells into Th17 cells. Dysregulated Th17 cell responses are known to cause tissue damage, promoting the penetration of pathogens; however, Th17 cells are also involved in host defense against infection. Infection with V. vulnificus significantly increased the expression of cell surface molecules, including CD40, CD80 and major histocompatibility complex class II, leading to the maturation and activation of DCs. In the present study, the analysis of the cytokine profiles of DCs upon infection with V. vulnificus revealed the preferential production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, through which V. vulnificus-infected DCs induced the polarization of Th17 cells when naïve CD4+ T cells were co-incubated. The reduction of Th17 cell generation through the use of anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies indicated that the Th17-polarizing capacity of V. vulnificus was predominantly dependent on DC-derived IL-6. The in vivo administration of V. vulnificus-infected DCs consistently increased the Th17 cell population in the lymph nodes of mice. Finally, the oral administration of V. vulnificus in mice also increased Th17 cell responses in the lamina propria of the small intestine. These results collectively demonstrated that V. vulnificus induced inflammatory Th17 cell responses via DCs, which may be associated with the immunopathological effects caused by V. vulnificus infection.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antigen-Presenting Cells; B7-1 Antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD40 Antigens; Cell Polarity; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lymph Nodes; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mice; Th17 Cells; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 29115398
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3230 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2017Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study...
OBJECTIVES
Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of six patients with V. vulnificus infections retrospectively and to determine the effect of treatment with tigecycline (TGC) alone compared with doxycycline plus ceftazidime (DOX/CAZ).
METHODS
The medical records of patients were reviewed. The species-specific and pathogenic gene markers were detected by PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. Furthermore, the effects of TGC and of DOX/CAZ were determined using time-kill assays.
RESULTS
MLST revealed six different sequence types and five of them were novel. The complete clinical pattern (vcg type C, CPS operon allele 1, 16S-rRNA type B) was found in one strain and the others had a mixed pattern. The lesion was mainly located at the distal end of the extremities and the most common clinical symptoms were fever, pain, erythema, and local swelling. The in vitro time-kill assay indicated that TGC monotherapy at a concentration of 0.1mg/l had a rapid bactericidal effect against the six tested V. vulnificus strains at 24h.
CONCLUSIONS
TGC alone might be a better potential therapeutic option than the traditional combination of DOX/CAZ against V. vulnificus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28347850
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.017 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2023The common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) is an essential species for stock enhancement by releasing juveniles in the East China Sea now. S. japonica is...
Molecular characterization and expression of twenty interleukin-17 transcripts in the common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) in response to Vibrio harveyi infection.
The common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) is an essential species for stock enhancement by releasing juveniles in the East China Sea now. S. japonica is susceptible to bacterial diseases during parental breeding. In vertebrates, Interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokine family plays critical roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. In Cephalopoda, few studies have been reported on IL-17 genes so far. In this study, twenty IL-17 transcripts obtained from S. japonica were divided into eight groups (designated as Sj_IL-17-1 to Sj_IL-17-8). Multiple alignment analysis showed that IL-17s in S. japonica and human both contained four β-folds (β1-β4), except for Sj_IL-17-6 with two β-folds (β1 and β2), and the third and fourth β-folds of Sj_IL-17-5 and Sj_IL-17-8 were longer than those of other Sj_IL-17. Protein structure and conserved motifs analysis demonstrated that Sj_IL-17-5 and Sj_IL-17-6 displayed different protein structure with respect to other six Sj_IL-17 proteins. The homology and phylogenetic analysis of amino acids showed that Sj_IL-17-5, Sj_IL-17-6 and Sj_IL-17-8 had low homology with the other five Sj_IL-17s. Eight Sj_IL-17 mRNAs were ubiquitously expressed in ten examined tissues, with dominant expression in the hemolymph. qRT-PCR data showed that the mRNA expression levels of Sj_IL-17-2, Sj_IL-17-3, Sj_IL-17-6, and Sj_IL-17-8 were significantly up-regulated in infected cuttlefishes, and Sj_IL-17-2, Sj_IL-17-6, Sj_IL-17-7, and Sj_IL-17-8 mRNAs Awere significantly up-regulated after bath infection of Vibrio harveyi, suggesting that certain Sj_IL-17s were involved in the immune response of S. japonica against V. harveyi infection. These results implied that Sj_IL-17s were likely to have distinct functional diversification. This study aims to understand the involvement of Sj_IL-17 genes in immune responses of cuttlefish against bacterial infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Decapodiformes; Interleukin-17; Phylogeny; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; China
PubMed: 37423402
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108903 -
Der Internist Aug 2021The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important impact on the epidemiology of human infections with these pathogens. In recent years large outbreaks have been repeatedly observed during the summer months in temperate climate zones.
OBJECTIVE
To inform medical professionals about the potentially life-threatening diseases caused by non-cholera Vibrio spp.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Review of the current literature on infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. in general and on the epidemiological situation in Germany in particular.
RESULTS
Non-cholera Vibrio spp. predominantly cause wound and ear infections after contact with contaminated seawater and gastroenteritis after consumption of undercooked seafood. As there have not been mandatory notification systems for these pathogens in Germany up to March 2020, a high number of unreported cases must be assumed. Immunosuppressed and chronically ill patients have a much higher risk for severe courses of diseases. If an infection with non-cholera Vibrio spp. is suspected anti-infective treatment should be promptly initiated and surgical cleansing is often necessary for wound and soft tissue infections.
CONCLUSION
Due to the ongoing global warming an increased incidence of human infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. must be expected in the future. Medical professionals should be aware of these bacterial pathogens and the potentially life-threatening infections in order to enable timely diagnostics and treatment.
Topics: Germany; Humans; North Sea; Seawater; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34269833
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01086-x -
European Journal of Clinical... Nov 2019Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the proper temperature and salinity, and is mostly acquired from seafood eating or direct contact. In susceptible individuals, a traumatic infection could be fatal, causing severe wound infection and even septic shock, and may require amputation. Global warming plays an important role in the geographical area expanding of Vibrio disease. The pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus-associated sepsis is very complex, including iron intake, cell injury, and adhesion-related protein and virulence regulation. Vibrio vulnificus infection mainly manifests clinical subtypes such as primary sepsis, traumatic infection, and gastroenteritis, with rapid symptom progression and signs of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is important to assess these pathogenetic mechanisms in order to select more appropriate measures to prevent and treat Vibrio vulnificus infections, including antibiotic usage and surgical intervention. In this work, we report a typical case of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus, and review the epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection.
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bites and Stings; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Multiple Organ Failure; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 31325061
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03629-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles during pathogen infection and innate immune response in mammals. Such observation inspired us to...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles during pathogen infection and innate immune response in mammals. Such observation inspired us to explore the expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs in invertebrates upon bacterial infection. Here, the lncRNAs of sea cucumber () involved in infection were characterized. RNA-seq obtained 2897 differentially expressed lncRNAs from infected coelomocytes of sea cucumbers. The potential functions of the significant differentially expressed lncRNAs were related to immunity and metabolic process based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Moreover, we identify a lncRNA (XLOC_028509), which is downregulated with challenged, further study indicated that XLOC_028509 adsorb miR-2008 and miR-31 as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) through base complementarity, which in turn decreased the amount of miRNAs (microRNAs) bound to the 3'UTRs (untranslated regions) of mRNAs to reduce their inhibition of target gene translation. These data demonstrated that the lncRNAs of invertebrates might be important regulators in pathogen-host interactions by sponging miRNAs.
Topics: Animals; Gene Ontology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; MicroRNAs; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Long Noncoding; Sea Cucumbers; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34868083
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792040 -
BMC Biology Jan 2023Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known...
BACKGROUND
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although these pathways and systems are well understood in vertebrates and arthropods, they are understudied in other invertebrates.
RESULTS
To shed light on immunity in the nemertean Lineus ruber, we performed a transcriptomic survey and identified the main components of the Toll pathway (e.g., myD88, dorsal/dif/NFκB-p65), the Imd pathway (e.g., imd, relish/NFκB-p105/100), the complement system (e.g., C3, cfb), and some lectins (FreD-Cs and C-lectins). In situ hybridization showed that TLRβ1, TLRβ2, and imd are expressed in the nervous system; the complement gene C3-1 is expressed in the gut; and the lectins are expressed in the nervous system, the blood, and the gut. To reveal their potential role in defense mechanisms, we performed immune challenge experiments, in which Lineus ruber specimens were exposed to the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio diazotrophicus. Our results show the upregulation of specific components of the Toll pathway (TLRα3, TLRβ1, and TLRβ2), the complement system (C3-1), and lectins (c-lectin2 and fred-c5).
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, similarly to what occurs in other invertebrates, our study shows that components of the Toll pathway, the complement system, and lectins are involved in the immune response in the nemertean Lineus ruber. The presence of these pathways and systems in Lineus ruber, but also in other spiralians; in ecdysozoans; and in deuterostomes suggests that these pathways and systems were involved in the immune response in the stem species of Bilateria.
Topics: Animals; Invertebrates; Vibrio Infections; NF-kappa B; Immunity, Innate; Lectins
PubMed: 36635688
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01482-1 -
Marine Biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2023Vibrio and Ostreid herpesvirus 1 are responsible for mass mortalities of oyster larvae in hatcheries. Relevant works have focused on their relationships with the disease...
Vibrio and Ostreid herpesvirus 1 are responsible for mass mortalities of oyster larvae in hatcheries. Relevant works have focused on their relationships with the disease when larval mortality occurs. On the contrary, little is known about how the resident microbiota in oyster larvae responds to Vibrio-infected disease causing mortality as the disease progressed, whereas this knowledge is fundamental to unveil the etiology of the disease. Here, we analyzed the temporal succession of the microbiome of Kumamoto oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) larvae during their early development, accompanied by a Vibrio-caused mortality event that occurred at the post D-stage of larval development in a shellfish hatchery in Ningbo, China, on June 2020. The main causative agent of larval mortality was attributable to Vibrio infection, which was confirmed by linearly increased Vibrio abundance over disease progression. Larval bacterial communities dramatically changed over host development and disease progression, as highlighted by reduced α-diversity and less diverse core taxa when the disease occurred. Null model and phylogenetic-based mean nearest taxon distance analyses showed that the relative importance of deterministic processes governing larval bacterial assembly initially increased over host development, whereas this dominance was depleted over disease progression. Furthermore, we screened the disease-discriminatory taxa with a significant change in their relative abundances, which could be indicative of disease progression. In addition, network analysis revealed that disease occurrence remodeled the co-occurrence patterns and niche characteristics of larval microbiota. Our findings demonstrate that the dysbiosis of resident bacterial communities and the shift of microecological mechanisms in the larval microbiome may contribute to mortality during oyster early development.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Phylogeny; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio; Crassostrea
PubMed: 36370246
DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10178-0