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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2022: Transfusion of red cell concentrates is a key component of medical therapy. To investigate the complex transfusion-associated biochemical and physiological processes... (Review)
Review
: Transfusion of red cell concentrates is a key component of medical therapy. To investigate the complex transfusion-associated biochemical and physiological processes as well as potential risks for human recipients, animal models are of particular importance. This scoping review summarizes existing large animal transfusion models for their ability to model the physiology associated with the storage of erythrocyte concentrates. : The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for original studies providing information on the intravenous application of erythrocyte concentrates in porcine, ovine, and canine animal models. : A total of 36 studies were included in the analysis. The majority of porcine studies evaluated hemorrhagic shock conditions. Pig models showed high physiological similarities with regard to red cell physiology during early storage. Ovine and canine studies were found to model typical aspects of human red cell storage at 42 days. Only four studies provided data on 24 h in vivo survival of red cells. : While ovine and canine models can mimic typical human erythrocyte storage for up to 42 days, porcine models stand out for reliably simulating double-hit pathologies such as hemorrhagic shock. Large animal models remain an important area of translational research since they have an impact on testing new pharmacological or biophysical interventions to attenuate storage-related adverse effects and allow, in a controlled environment, to study background and interventions in dynamic and severe disease conditions.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Blood Preservation; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Models, Animal; Sheep; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Swine
PubMed: 36556937
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121735 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in the treatment of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A large number of animal experiments focused on the TCM... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in the treatment of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A large number of animal experiments focused on the TCM treatment of IgAN are conducted every year. The evidence for these preclinical studies is not clear. This study summarized and evaluated the results of animal experiments on TCM treatment for IgAN.
METHODS
We systematically searched animal studies from 6 databases from inception to August 30, 2022. We included Chinese studies from the key magazine of China technology. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with the SYRCLE animal experimental bias risk assessment tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
Out of 832 records identified in the initial search, 30 studies were selected. The results indicated that, compared with the control group, the TCM treatment group improved 24 h urine protein (24 h-UP) level (standardized mean difference (SMD) 3.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.48 to 2.66, < 0.001), urine red blood cell (U-RBC) (SMD 13.66, 95% CI 17.99 to 9.32, < 0.001), serum creatinine (Scr) (mean difference (MD) 10.89, 95% CI 17.00 to 4.77, < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (MD 2.44, 95% CI 3.42 to 1.47, < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) (MD 171.28 to 95% CI 323.68 to 18.88, =0.03), transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-) (SMD 4.02, 95% CI 7.26 to 0.77, =0.02), matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1(MMP-9/TIMP-1) (MD 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.06, =0.02), nephrin mRNA (SMD 3.39, 95% CI 2.59 to 4.18, < 0.001). However, there is no difference in albumin level (MD 1.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 2.26, =0.06) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD 170.77, 95% CI 365.3 to 23.75, =0.09).
CONCLUSIONS
TCM can improve 24 h-UP, U-RBC, Scr, BUN, MMP-9/TIMP-1, TNF-, TGF-, and nephrin mRNA of IgAN animal models. Moreover, there is a need for rigorous reporting of preclinical research methodology, which is essential to support the quality of preclinical research. . This review was registered with a systematic review record CRD42020171404 in the PROSPERO database.
PubMed: 36601331
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6106993 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Feb 2017Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting 9-18% of women in reproductive age that causes hyperandrogenism and infertility due to... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting 9-18% of women in reproductive age that causes hyperandrogenism and infertility due to dysfunctional follicular maturation and anovulation. The etiology of PCOS is still poorly known, and information from experimental animal models may help improve current understanding of the mechanisms of PCOS initiation and development. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of currently available methods for simulation of PCOS in experimental models, focusing on two main endocrine traits: ovarian morphology changes and circulating levels of sex hormones and gonadotropins.We searched the MEDLINE database for articles in English or Spanish published until October 2016. Of 933 studies identified, 39 were included in the systematic review. One study compared interventions with androgens versus estrogens, 18 used androgen-induced stimulation, 9 used estrogens or drugs with estrogen action, including endocrine disruptors, to induce PCOS-like models, and 12 used miscellaneous interventions. Broad differences were found among the studies concerning hormonal interventions, animal species, and developmental stage at the time of the experiments, and most models resulted in ovarian morphology changes, mainly increases in the number of cystic and antral follicles and decreases in the corpus luteum. Hyperandrogenism was produced by using androgens and other drugs as the stimulatory agent. However, studies using drugs with estrogenic effect did not observe changes in circulating androgens.In conclusion, medium- or long-term testosterone administration in the pre- and postnatal periods performed best for induction of a PCOS-like phenotype, in rhesus macaque and rat models respectively. In rats, postnatal exposure to androgens results in reprogramming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-axis. Thus, comparisons between different intervention models may be useful to define the timing of reproductive PCOS phenotypes in experimental animal models.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; MEDLINE; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 28183310
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0231-z -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2021The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all the preclinical studies carried out in periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) in order to evaluate the... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all the preclinical studies carried out in periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) in order to evaluate the quality using the ARRIVE guidelines. The animal models used, and the influence of the complications, were analysed in order to establish the most appropriate models for this technique. The PRISMA statements have been followed. Bibliographic sources have been consulted manually by two reviewers. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool for animal studies, and the quality of the studies with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The selection criteria established by expert researchers were applied to decide which studies should be included in the review, that resulted in twenty-four studies. Only one achieved the maximum score according to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The rabbit as an animal model has presented good results in PDO, both for calvaria and jaw. Rats have shown good results for PDO in calvaria. The minipig should not be recommended as an animal model in PDO. Despite the increase in the quality of the studies since the implementation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, it would be necessary to improve the quality of the studies to facilitate the transparency, comparison, and reproducibility of future works.
PubMed: 33923253
DOI: 10.3390/ani11051233 -
Regenerative Biomaterials Feb 2021Biodegradable metals hold promises for bone fracture repair. Their clinical translation requires pre-clinical evaluations including animal studies, which demonstrate the... (Review)
Review
Biodegradable metals hold promises for bone fracture repair. Their clinical translation requires pre-clinical evaluations including animal studies, which demonstrate the safety and performance of such materials prior to clinical trials. This evidence-based study investigates and analyzes the performance of bone fractures repair as well as degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models. Data were carefully collected after identification of population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes and study design, as well as inclusion criteria combining biodegradable metals and animal study. Twelve publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys and Zn alloys were finally included and reviewed after extraction from a collected database of 2122 publications. Compared to controls of traditional non-degradable metals or resorbable polymers, biodegradable metals showed mixed or contradictory outcomes of fracture repair and degradation in animal models. Although quantitative meta-analysis cannot be conducted because of the data heterogeneity, this systematic review revealed that the quality of evidence for biodegradable metals to repair bone fractures in animal models is 'very low'. Recommendations to standardize the animal studies of biodegradable metals were proposed. Evidence-based biomaterials research could help to both identify reliable scientific evidence and ensure future clinical translation of biodegradable metals for bone fracture repair.
PubMed: 33732493
DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa047 -
Experimental Gerontology May 2023To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines in human and animal models with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia.
DESIGN
A systematic review.
DATA SOURCE
English-language search of 13 electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Sport Discus, Scopus, Cochrane, Psych Net, Springer, ScienceDirect, Pascal & Francis, Sage journals, Pedro, Google Scholar, and Sage.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
(i) human and animal studies that included exercise, physical activity, or fitness training as an experimental intervention, (ii) studies that addressed MCI, dementia, or AD, (iii) studies that focused on measuring cytokines and/or other inflammatory and/or neuroinflammatory immune markers, (iii) studies that examined inflammatory indicators in blood, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), and brain tissue.
RESULTS
Of the 1290 human and animal studies found, 38 were included for qualitative analysis, 11 human articles, 25 animal articles, and two articles addressing both human and animal protocols. In the animal model, physical exercise decreased pro-inflammatory markers in 70.8 % of the articles and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL -4, IL -10, IL-4β, IL -10β, and TGF-β in 26 % of articles. Treadmill running, resistance exercise, and swimming exercise reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the human model, 53.9 % of items reduced pro-inflammatory proteins and 23 % increased anti-inflammatory proteins. Cycling exercise, multimodal, and resistance training effectively decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines.
CONCLUSION
In rodent animal models with AD phenotype, treadmill, swimming, and resistance training remain good interventions that can delay various mechanisms of dementia progression. In the human model, aerobic, multimodal, and resistance training are beneficial in both MCI and AD. Multimodal training of moderate to high intensity multimodal exercise is effective for MCI. Voluntary cycling training, moderate- or high-intensity aerobic exercise is effective in mild AD patients.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cytokines; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise; Dementia; Models, Animal
PubMed: 36898593
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112141 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Mar 2015The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is attractive. Conducting systematic review and meta-analyses based on data... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is attractive. Conducting systematic review and meta-analyses based on data from animal studies can be used to inform clinical trial design. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to (i) systematically review the literatures describing the effect of MSCs therapy in animal models of TBI, (ii) determine the estimated effect size of functional locomotor recovery after experimental TBI, and (iii) to provide empirical evidence of biological factors associated with greater efficacy.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and hand searched related references. Studies were selected if they reported the efficacy of MSCs in animal models of TBI. Two investigators independently assessed the identified studies. We extracted the details of individual study characteristics from each publication, assessed study quality, evaluated the effect sizes of MSCs treatment, and performed stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression, to assess the influence of study design on the estimated effect size. The presence of small effect sizes was investigated using funnel plots and Egger's tests.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight eligible controlled studies were identified. The study quality was modest. Between-study heterogeneity was large. Meta-analysis showed that MSCs exert statistically significant positive effects on sensorimotor and neurological motor function. For sensorimotor function, maximum effect size in studies with a quality score of 5 was found in the weight-drop impact injury TBI model established in male SD rats, to which syngeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs intracerebrally at cell dose of (1-5)×10(6) was administered r 6 hours following TBI, using ketamine as anesthetic agent. For neurological motor function, effect size was maximum for studies with a quality score of 5, in which the weight-drop impact injury TBI models of the female Wistar rats were adopted, with administration syngeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs intravenously at cell dose of 5×10(6) at 2 months after TBI, using sevofluorane as anesthetic agent.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that MSCs therapy may improve locomotor recovery after TBI. However, additional well-designed and well-reported animal studies are needed to guide further clinical studies.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Locomotion; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 25881229
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0034-0 -
Toxicological Sciences : An Official... Jul 2022Phthalates are ubiquitous compounds known to leach from the plastic products that contain them. Due to their endocrine-disrupting properties, a wide range of studies...
Phthalates are ubiquitous compounds known to leach from the plastic products that contain them. Due to their endocrine-disrupting properties, a wide range of studies have elucidated their effects on reproduction, metabolism, neurodevelopment, and growth. Additionally, their impacts during pregnancy and on the developing fetus have been extensively studied. Most recently, there has been interest in the impacts of phthalates on the placenta, a transient major endocrine organ critical to maintenance of the uterine environment and fetal development. Phthalate-induced changes in placental structure and function may have significant impacts on the course of pregnancy and ultimately, child health. Prior reviews have described the literature on phthalates and placental health; however to date, there has been no comprehensive, systematic review on this topic. Here, we review 35 papers (24 human and 11 animal studies) and summarize phthalate exposures in relation to an extensive set of placental measures. Phthalate-related alterations were reported for placental morphology, hormone production, vascularization, histopathology, and gene/protein expression. The most consistent changes were observed in vascular and morphologic endpoints, including cell composition. These changes have implications for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction as well as potential ramifications for children's health. This comprehensive review of the literature, including common sources of bias, will inform the future work in this rapidly expanding field.
Topics: Animals; Child; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Models, Animal; Phthalic Acids; Placenta; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 35686923
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac060 -
Bioactive Materials Nov 2021Biodegradable metals are promising candidates for bone defect repair. With an evidence-based approach, this study investigated and analyzed the performance and... (Review)
Review
Biodegradable metals are promising candidates for bone defect repair. With an evidence-based approach, this study investigated and analyzed the performance and degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models for bone defect repair to explore their potential clinical translation. Animal studies on bone defect repair with biodegradable metals in comparison with other traditional biomaterials were reviewed. Data was carefully collected after identification of population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS), and following the inclusion criteria of biodegradable metals in animal studies. 30 publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys, pure Zn and Zn alloys were finally included after extraction from a collected database of 2543 publications. A qualitative systematic review and a quantitative meta-analysis were performed. Given the heterogeneity in animal model, anatomical site and critical size defect (CSD), biodegradable metals exhibited mixed effects on bone defect repair and degradation in animal studies in comparison with traditional non-degradable metals, biodegradable polymers, bioceramics, and autogenous bone grafts. The results indicated that there were limitations in the experimental design of the included studies, and quality of the evidence presented by the studies was very low. To enhance clinical translation of biodegradable metals, evidence-based research with data validity is needed. Future studies should adopt standardized experimental protocols in investigating the effects of biodegradable metals on bone defect repair with animal models.
PubMed: 33997491
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.035 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Apr 2016Autologous lipotransfer is seen as an ideal filler for soft tissue reconstruction. The main limitation of this procedure is the unpredictable resorption and volume loss... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Autologous lipotransfer is seen as an ideal filler for soft tissue reconstruction. The main limitation of this procedure is the unpredictable resorption and volume loss of the fat graft. In the recent decade, an increasing amount of research has focused on the use of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) to enrich the fat graft, a procedure termed cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL). The aim of this review was to systematically review the current preclinical and clinical evidence for the efficacy of CAL compared with conventional lipotransfer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed on PubMed and other databases to identify all preclinical and clinical studies where CAL with ASCs was compared with conventional lipotransfer. A total of 20 preclinical studies and seven clinical studies were included in the review.
RESULTS
The preclinical studies consisted of 15 studies using immunodeficient animal models and five studies using immunocompetent studies. Seventeen studies examined weight/volume retention of which 15 studies favored CAL over conventional lipotransfer. One clinical study did not find any efficacy of CAL and the remaining six studies favored CAL.
CONCLUSIONS
The present evidence suggests that there is a big potential for CAL in reconstructive surgery; however, the present studies are so far still of low quality with inherent weaknesses. Several aspects regarding CAL still remain unknown such as the optimal degree of cell enrichment and also its safety. Further high-quality studies are needed to establish if CAL can live up to its potential.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 26893280
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0613-1