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Effect of mechanical forces on the behavior of osteoblasts: a systematic review of in vitro studies.Dental and Medical Problems 2023Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims... (Review)
Review
Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims to systematically review the effect of mechanical stimulation on human osteoblast cell lineage combined with other variables.The PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for studies analyzing the effect of compression and tension on human osteoblasts at different differentiation stages. Studies that used carcinogenic osteoblasts were excluded. In addition, studies that did not analyze the osteogenic differentiation or proliferation of cells were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated using the modified CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist. a total of 20 studies were included. The cells were subjected to tension and compression in 5 and 15 studies, respectively. The application of uniaxial and cyclic strain increased the proliferation of osteoblasts. The same increased pattern could be observed for the osteogenesis of the cells. The impact of the tensile force on the expression of the osteoclastic markers differed based on the loading characteristics. On the other side, the impact of compression on the proliferation of osteoblasts varied according to the magnitude and duration of the force. Besides, different patterns of alternations were observed among the osteogenic markers in response to compression. Meanwhile, compression increased the expression of the osteoclastic markers. It has been shown that the response of the markers related to bone formation or resorption can be altered based on the differentiation stage of the cells, the cell culture system, and the magnitude and duration of the force.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Stress, Mechanical; Osteoblasts; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38133991
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/151639 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2018Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the form of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and cultured expansion have been applied in clinical settings in some countries... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the form of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and cultured expansion have been applied in clinical settings in some countries to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of knees, one of the most common debilitating, incurable disorders. Since the first report of successful cartilage-like tissue regeneration with autologous adipose SVF containing ASCs, there has been a gradual increase in the number of publications confirming such results. Thus far, most of the reports have been limited to treatments of OA of knees. Recently, successful applications of adipose SVF in treating OA of ankles and hips have been reported. In addition, several groups have reported modified methods of applying adipose SVF, such as combining bone marrow stimulation with adipose SVF or adding additional extracellular matrix (ECM) in treating OA. Here, we present an updated, systematic review of clinical effectiveness and safety in treating OA of knees, ankles, and one hip since 2016 using ASCs in the form of adipose SVF or in cultured expansion, along with a description and suggestion of potential biological mechanisms of cartilage regeneration.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cartilage; Chondrogenesis; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Osteoarthritis; Regeneration
PubMed: 30041472
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072146 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two major mechanisms leading to the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation rate, and subsequently, bone loss....
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two major mechanisms leading to the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation rate, and subsequently, bone loss. Thus, functional foods and dietary compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory could protect skeletal health. This review aims to examine the current evidence on the skeletal protective effects of propolis, a resin produced by bees, known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A literature search was performed using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies on the effects of propolis on bone health. The search string used was (i) propolis AND (ii) (bone OR osteoporosis OR osteoblasts OR osteoclasts OR osteocytes). Eighteen studies were included in the current review. The available experimental studies demonstrated that propolis could prevent bone loss due to periodontitis, dental implantitis, and diabetes in animals. Combined with synthetic and natural grafts, it could also promote fracture healing. Propolis protects bone health by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblastogenesis, partly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Despite the promising preclinical results, the skeletal protective effects of propolis are yet to be proven in human studies. This research gap should be bridged before nutraceuticals based on propolis with specific health claims can be developed.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bees; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Periodontium; Propolis
PubMed: 34070497
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113156 -
Cell Proliferation Apr 2017Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used for bone regeneration, however, they are limited in quantity. Moreover, their proliferation and differentiation... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used for bone regeneration, however, they are limited in quantity. Moreover, their proliferation and differentiation capabilities reduce during cell culture expansion. Potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported as a promising alternative source for bone regeneration. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on osteogenic potential of iPSCs and to discuss methods applied to enhance their osteogenic potential.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A thorough search of MEDLINE database was performed from January 2006 to September 2016, limited to English-language articles. All in vitro and in vivo studies on application of iPSCs in bone regeneration were included.
RESULTS
The current review is organized according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were categorized according to three different approaches used for osteo-induction of iPSCs. Data are summarized and reported according to the following variables: types of study, cell sources used for iPSC generation, applied reprogramming methods, applied osteo-induction methods and treatment groups.
CONCLUSION
According to the articles reviewed, osteo-induced iPSCs revealed osteogenic capability equal to or superior than MSCs; cell sources do not significantly affect osteogenic potential of iPSCs; addition of resveratrol to the osteogenic medium (OM) and irradiatiation after osteogenic induction reduce teratoma formation in animal models; transfection with lentiviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 results in higher mineralization compared to osteo-induction in OM; addition of TGF-β, IGF-1 and FGF-β to OM increases osteogenic capability of iPSCs.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 27905670
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12321 -
Spine Feb 2024A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study systematically reviewed and evaluated the safety and efficacy of spinal endoscopic techniques as a treatment for thoracic ligamentum flavum ossification (TOLF).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
The use of spinal endoscopic techniques for the treatment of TOLF has increased in recent years. The present study is the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of spinal endoscopic techniques for TOLF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Cochrane Central, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched for studies focused on patients undergoing spinal endoscopic techniques to treat symptomatic TOLF.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 23 studies. We included 323 patients (177 males, 146 females) with a mean age of 58.40±10.06 years, with 304 total recorded lesion locations of which 245 were located in the lower thoracic spine. Complications affected 35/323 patients, and the mean operative duration for 305 patients was 108.15±47.34 minutes. For 187 patients, the mean operative bleeding was 25.13±12.54 mL, while for 87 patients the mean duration of hospitalization was 4.59±1.93 days. At last follow-up, functional assessment was performed for 260 patients, of whom 200 were in excellent condition, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were assessed for 160 patients, with a mean improvement of 4.40 (3.95, 4.86) Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were recorded for 115 patients, with a mean improvement of 3.49 (2.79,4.18), and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores were recorded for 208 patients, with a mean improvement of 3.62 (2.89,4.35).
CONCLUSIONS
These results support several advantages of spinal endoscopic techniques for the treatment of symptomatic TOLF. These include low complication rates, rapid postoperative recovery, and good functional recovery when used for single-segment, non-nodular ossification and no combined dural ossification.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Osteogenesis; Thoracic Vertebrae; Ossification, Heterotopic; Laminectomy; Decompression, Surgical; Ligamentum Flavum; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37937419
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004866 -
Stem Cells Translational Medicine Dec 2023The development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapies has revolutionized personalized medicine, opening up new possibilities for treatment. EVs have emerged as a...
The development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapies has revolutionized personalized medicine, opening up new possibilities for treatment. EVs have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool within this field due to their crucial role in intercellular communication across various cell types and organisms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of oral mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs for bone regeneration, specifically focusing on findings from preclinical models. Sixteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected following document analysis. The biological effects of oral MSC-derived EVs predominantly involve the upregulation of proteins associated with angiogenesis, and inflammation resolution, alongside the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, these therapeutic agents have been found to contain a significant quantity of different molecules (proteins, lipids, DNA, microRNAs, etc) further contributing to their modulatory potential. The findings from this systematic review underscore that oral MSC-derived EVs, irrespective of their specific population, have the ability to enhance the osteogenic repair response in maxillary bone or periodontal defects. In summary, this systematic review highlights the promising potential of oral MSC-derived EVs for bone regeneration based on evidence from preclinical models. The comprehensive assessment of their biological effects and the presence of microRNAs underscores their therapeutic significance. These findings support the utilization of oral MSC-derived EVs in enhancing the osteogenic repair response in various maxillary bone or periodontal defects, providing insights into the mechanisms involved and potential therapeutic applications in the field of personalized medicine.
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Extracellular Vesicles; MicroRNAs; Bone Regeneration; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37715961
DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad059 -
Cells Apr 2021Exercise training promotes muscle adaptation and remodelling by balancing the processes of anabolism and catabolism; however, the mechanisms by which exercise delays...
Exercise training promotes muscle adaptation and remodelling by balancing the processes of anabolism and catabolism; however, the mechanisms by which exercise delays accelerated muscle wasting are not fully understood. Intramuscular extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are essential to tissue structure and function, as they create a responsive environment for the survival and repair of the muscle fibres. However, their role in muscle adaptation is underappreciated and underinvestigated. The PubMed, COCHRANE, Scopus and CIHNAL databases were systematically searched from inception until February 2021. The inclusion criteria were on ECM adaptation after exercise training in healthy adult population. Evidence from 21 studies on 402 participants demonstrates that exercise training induces muscle remodelling, and this is accompanied by ECM adaptation. All types of exercise interventions promoted a widespread increase in collagens, glycoproteins and proteoglycans ECM transcriptomes in younger and older participants. The ECM controlling mechanisms highlighted here were concerned with myogenic and angiogenic processes during muscle adaptation and remodelling. Further research identifying the mechanisms underlying the link between ECMs and muscle adaptation will support the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and the development of personalised exercise training medicine.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Collagen; Exercise; Extracellular Matrix; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Glycoproteins; Humans; Mice; Movement; Muscle Development; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Proteoglycans; Regeneration; Risk; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33926070
DOI: 10.3390/cells10051022 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are...
PURPOSE
Caffeic acid is a metabolite of hydroxycinnamate and phenylpropanoid, which are commonly synthesized by all plant species. It is present in various food sources that are known for their antioxidant properties. As an antioxidant, caffeic acid ameliorates reactive oxygen species, which have been reported to cause bone loss. Some studies have highlighted the effects of caffeic acid against bone resorption.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of caffeic acid on bone. A comprehensive search was conducted from July to November 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal and human studies reporting the effects of caffeic acid, as a single compound, on bone cells or bone were considered.
RESULTS
The literature search found 226 articles on this topic, but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results showed that caffeic acid supplementation reduced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, possibly through its antioxidant potential and increased expression of osteoblast markers. However, some studies showed that caffeic acid did not affect bone resorption in ovariectomized rats and might impair bone mechanical properties in normal rats.
CONCLUSION
Caffeic acid potentially regulates the bone remodelling process by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as osteoblast apoptosis. Thus, it has medicinal values against bone diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Caffeic Acids; Humans; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 33519191
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S287280 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2017The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of the mandibular dental arch after slow (SME) or rapid (RME)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of the mandibular dental arch after slow (SME) or rapid (RME) maxillary expansion in the mixed and early permanent dentitions.
METHODS:
An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for article selection included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies written in English, with no restriction of year of publication, involving patients who underwent SME or RME during the mixed or early permanent dentitions. A double-blind search of articles was performed by two reviewers. Initially, the title and the abstract of the studies were read, and their references were also hand-searched for possible missing studies. A methodological quality scoring scale was used to analyze the selected articles.
RESULTS:
The search retrieved 373 articles, but only 6 were selected for review after application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Non-clinically significant spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of approximately 1mm were found in the mandibular dental arch in the short and long-term, after slow or rapid maxillary expansions. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between treated and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
There is enough evidence to conclude that negligible short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes tend to occur in the mandibular dental arch after SME or RME in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. More randomized studies with appropriate control group are required to better evaluate this issue.
Topics: Dental Arch; Dentition, Mixed; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Maxillofacial Development; Palatal Expansion Technique
PubMed: 28746488
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.3.055-063.oar -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Stroke is the leading cause of disability, and stroke survivors suffer from long-term sequelae even after receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and...
Stroke is the leading cause of disability, and stroke survivors suffer from long-term sequelae even after receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and endovascular intracranial thrombectomy. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes, nano-sized extracellular membrane vesicles, enhance neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, all the while suppressing inflammatory reactions, thereby enhancing functional recovery after stroke. A systematic literature review to study the association of stroke recovery with exosome therapy was carried out, analyzing species, stroke model, source of exosomes, behavioral analyses, and outcome data, as well as molecular mechanisms. Thirteen studies were included in the present systematic review. In the majority of studies, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells or stem cells were administered intravenously within 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, showing a significant improvement of neurological severity and motor functions. Specific microRNAs and molecules were identified by mechanistic investigations, and their amplification was shown to further enhance therapeutic effects, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, and synaptogenesis. Overall, this review addresses the current advances in exosome therapy for stroke recovery in preclinical studies, which can hopefully be preparatory steps for the future development of clinical trials involving stroke survivors to improve functional outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Disease Models, Animal; Exosomes; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MicroRNAs; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Neurogenesis; Stroke; Synapses
PubMed: 32962207
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186894