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International Journal of Dentistry 2022Many factors play a significant role in osseointegration and healing after dental implant insertion and restoration. Some factors are related to dental biomaterials,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Many factors play a significant role in osseointegration and healing after dental implant insertion and restoration. Some factors are related to dental biomaterials, such as the dental implant, prosthesis, and grafting materials. Other factors can be connected to operator skills and accumulated experience. Local and systemic patient-related factors are crucial in determining the success of the dental implant. Thorough examination and analysis of local factors using available examination tools are vital to prepare the implant candidate for such treatment. The patient's systemic condition directly affects the healing of the dental implant. One of the most overlooked systemic factors is the patients' vitamin level, which influences bone formation around the implant and subsequent osseointegration. The current review examined the available literature regarding the association between vitamin supplementation and dental implant osseointegration.
METHODS
Data of this review were derived from recent research available on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were the relation between the vitamin serum and dental implant osseointegration or failure. The Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was followed to perform the review. The study's outcome was the need for vitamin supplementation to prevent implant failure.
RESULTS
Five human studies (including case reports, case series, and retrospective studies) and six animal studies. All included studies discussed the relationship between vitamin , early dental implant failure, and bone implant contact. Three retrospective studies found no significant relationship between vitamin supplementation and EDIFs in humans. On the other hand, one retrospective study showed a significant relationship in humans. A case report and case series claimed that the implant was successfully placed after vitamin supplementation. A total of four animal studies showed a significant relationship between vitamin supplementation and osseointegration of the dental implant. Two animal studies showed no significant association.
CONCLUSION
To ensure optimal treatment outcomes, it is recommended to supplement the patient with vitamin if the serum level is not within the normal range. Further clinical studies and case reports are needed to confirm the association between serum vitamin levels and osseointegration.
PubMed: 35069741
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2845902 -
Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical... 2020Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to have a positive effect on dental implant osseointegration and stability in and animal studies; however, its usefulness in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to have a positive effect on dental implant osseointegration and stability in and animal studies; however, its usefulness in dental implant clinical practice is yet unclear.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to assess the clinical effectiveness of PBM on dental implants' osseointegration.
METHODS
Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive electronic search of articles published from inception up to January 10, 2020, in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized clinical studies that compared the effect of PBM on dental implant stability with control groups were included. Animals and studies studies as well as studies with confounders such as application of orthodontic were excluded. Risk of bias (using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool for nonrandomized studies) was assessed by both authors. Owing to substantial heterogeneity, only a narrative synthesis of the included studies is presented.
RESULTS
Seven relevant clinical studies were included, and they used a variety of PBM parameters and devices. The posterior region of the jaw was found to be more frequently evaluated. For assessing the effect of PBM on implant stability, five studies used resonance frequency analysis and two used periotest; three studies additionally used biomarkers for assessment. Four studies found that PBM has a potential positive effect on the outcome of dental implant stability, whereas three studies reported that PBM has no effect on implant stability.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this systematic review suggest that postoperative application of PBM may potentially have some positive effect on dental implant's osseointegration and stability. However, additional studies are required with uniformity in methods to provide a more robust assessment of this effect.
PubMed: 32587488
DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_410_19 -
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research 2022The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the success rate of osseointegrated dental implants placed secondarily in fibula free flaps using... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the success rate of osseointegrated dental implants placed secondarily in fibula free flaps using the Albrektsson and colleagues criteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A computerized database search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL. Specific ascertainment criteria were applied for the inclusion of the eligible studies. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis PRISMA checklist. Risk of bias was assessed for all the included studies.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis was carried using ten studies that met the inclusion criteria. The present review pooled data obtained from 242 patients (167 males and 75 females), with the age range of 13 to 79 years. A total of 848 dental implants were placed in the free fibula flaps. All dental implants were placed in a delayed fashion, ranging from 14 to 192 months. The estimated proportion of successful implants placed in fibula flaps used to reconstruct the maxillomandibular complex was 0.94 or 94% (95% CI [confidence interval] = 0.91 to 0.96]) with an insignificant heterogeneity of 37%, P = 0.12. Using a random effect model the annual implant failure rate was 0.02 with a 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.03.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis strongly indicate that using objective criteria, delayed implant placement in free fibula flaps is highly successful.
PubMed: 35574211
DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2022.13103 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Ca-P coatings on Ti implants have demonstrated good osseointegration capability due to their similarity to bone mineral matter. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web... (Review)
Review
Ca-P coatings on Ti implants have demonstrated good osseointegration capability due to their similarity to bone mineral matter. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched electronically in February 2021 for preclinical studies in unmodified experimental animals, with at least four weeks of follow-up, measuring bone-to-implant contact (BIC). Although 107 studies were found in the initial search, only eight experimental preclinical studies were included. Adverse events were selected by two independent investigators. The risk of bias assessment of the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Finally, a meta-analysis of the results found no statistical significance between implants coated with Ca-P and implants with etched conventional surfaces (difference of means, random effects: 5.40; 99% CI: -5.85, 16.65). With the limitations of the present review, Ca-P-coated Ti surfaces have similar osseointegration performance to conventional etched surfaces. Future well-designed studies with large samples are required to confirm our findings.
PubMed: 34199366
DOI: 10.3390/ma14113015 -
International Journal of Implant... Jan 2022To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the presence of inflammatory polymorphisms in patients with peri-implantitis (PI). PI is the main complication... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the presence of inflammatory polymorphisms in patients with peri-implantitis (PI). PI is the main complication associated to dental implant therapy. Although its main risk factors are history of periodontitis, poor plaque control and lack of regular maintenance, genetic susceptibility could also be a determinant factor for its appearance. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are small mutations of the DNA that alter the osseointegration of implants. Inflammatory proteins participate in both destruction of the extracellular matrix and reabsorption of the alveolar bone.
METHODS
A bibliographical research was made in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (keywords: "single nucleotide polymorphism", "polymorphism", "periimplantitis", "SNP" and "implant failure").
RESULTS
There is a statistically significant association of peri-implant bone loss with the homozygotic model of IL-1β (- 511) (OR: 2.255; IC: 1.040-4.889).
CONCLUSIONS
Associations between inflammatory polymorphisms and PI must be taken with caution due to the heterogeneous methodological design, sample size and diagnostic criteria of the studies. Thus, more well-designed studies are needed that analyze the relationship between these and more SNP and PI.
Topics: Dental Implants; Humans; Mutation; Osseointegration; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35061134
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00400-y -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2020Peri implant diseases lead to pathological changes in the peri implant tissues and loss of osseointegration. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of... (Review)
Review
AIM
Peri implant diseases lead to pathological changes in the peri implant tissues and loss of osseointegration. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of various lasers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on peri implant diseases compared to conventional procedures.
SETTING AND DESIGN
This meta analysis was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, ICTRP, CT.gov, Embase, and Cochrane Library was done additional to manual search of peer review article on peri-implant diseases. Eleven randomized control clinical trials were included in which laser therapy and PDT were used as an interventional procedure.
RESULTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Review Manager 5.03 (RevMan, Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark), and random effects model were used to assess mean difference (MD). Bivariate differential mean statistic was used in intergroup estimate with 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 test statistics was applied for heterogenity and < 0.05 was considered significant statistically. The literature search yielded a total of 113 articles among which 11 articles were included for quantitative analysis. The selected outcome PD reported MD -0.01 with 95% CI (-0.13, 0.16), = 0.84, and CAL reported MD -0.09 with 95% CI (-0.32, 0.14), = 0.45, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Laser treatment as an adjunctive therapy or monotherapy in peri implantitis does not show any superior effects than conventional measures as per evidence. However, cases with peri implant mucositis have shown far more promising results with laser therapy compared to peri implantitis.
PubMed: 33487962
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_144_20 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Several clinical trials have recently been conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of photofunctionalization. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several clinical trials have recently been conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of photofunctionalization. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the clinical effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability and marginal bone loss (MBL).
METHODS
An electronic search in four databases and a manual search were conducted in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials (CCTs), and cohort and case-control studies evaluating the effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability or marginal bone loss (MBL) in humans were included. The methodological quality assessment using RoB 2.0 and the ROBINS-I tool was performed based on different study designs.
RESULTS
Seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis, and five of them were chosen for a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that photofunctionalization significantly improved the stability of the implant 2 months after implantation ( = 0.04; MD = 3.48; 95% CI = -0.23 to 6.73) and increased the osseointegration speed index (OSI) ( = 0.007; MD = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.57 to 3.68). However, no significant improvements of implant stability were observed 2 weeks ( = 0.62), 4 weeks ( = 0.31), nor 4 months ( = 0.24) after implantation. The evaluation presented no significant reductions in MBL.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the positive effect of photofunctionalization on the rate of establishing implant stability, photofunctionalization may provide an effective and practical strategy to achieve faster osseointegration and reduce the overall healing time. Photofunctionalization appears to improve the implant stability. However, the clinical effect of photofunctionalization on MBL remains unclear due to the shortage of available studies.
PubMed: 36498616
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237042 -
PloS One 2022The objective of this report was to provide a review of the minipig intraoral dental implant model including a meta-analysis to estimate osseointegration and crestal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this report was to provide a review of the minipig intraoral dental implant model including a meta-analysis to estimate osseointegration and crestal bone remodeling.
METHODS
A systematic review including PubMed and EMBASE databases through June 2021 was conducted. Two independent examiners screened titles/abstracts and selected full-text articles. Studies evaluating titanium dental implant osseointegration in native alveolar bone were included. A quality assessment of reporting was performed. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were produced for bone-implant contact (BIC), first BIC, and crestal bone level.
RESULTS
125 out of 249 full-text articles were reviewed, 55 original studies were included. Quality of reporting was generally low, omissions included animal characteristics, examiner masking/calibration, and sample size calculation. The typical minipig model protocol included surgical extraction of the mandibular premolars and first molar, 12±4 wks post-extraction healing, placement of three narrow regular length dental implants per jaw quadrant, submerged implant healing and 8 wks of osseointegration. Approximately 90% of studies reported undecalcified incandescent light microscopy histometrics. Overall, mean BIC was 59.88% (95%CI: 57.43-62.33). BIC increased significantly over time (p<0.001): 40.93 (95%CI: 34.95-46.90) at 2 wks, 58.37% (95%CI: 54.38-62.36) at 4 wks, and 66.33% (95%CI: 63.45-69.21) beyond 4 wks. Variability among studies was mainly explained by differences in observation interval post-extraction and post-implant placement, and implant surface. Heterogeneity was high for all studies (I2 > 90%, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The minipig intraoral dental implant model appears to effectively demonstrate osseointegration and alveolar bone remodeling similar to that observed in humans and canine models.
Topics: Dental Implants
PubMed: 35226690
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264475 -
SpringerPlus 2016Peri-implantitis or Periimplantitis is characterized as an inflammatory reaction that affects the hard and soft tissue, which results in loss of supporting bone and... (Review)
Review
Peri-implantitis or Periimplantitis is characterized as an inflammatory reaction that affects the hard and soft tissue, which results in loss of supporting bone and pocket formation surrounding the functioning osseointegrated implant. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. The data sources used was PubMed. Searches of this database were restricted to English language publications from January 2010 to June 2015. All Randomized Controlled Trials describing the treatments of peri-implantitis of human studies with a follow up of at least 6 months were included. Eligibility and quality were assessed and two reviewers extracted the data. Data extraction comprised of type, intensity provider, and location of the intervention. A total of 20 publications were included (10 involving surgical and 10 involving non-surgical mechanical procedure). The non-surgical approach involves the mechanical surface debridement using carbon or titanium currettes, laser light, and antibiotics whereas, surgical approach involves implantoplasty, elevation of mucoperiosteal flap and removal of peri-inflammatory granulation tissue followed by surface decontamination and bone grafting. This study reveals that non-surgical therapy tends to remove only the local irritant from the peri-implantitis surface with or without some additional adjunctive therapies agents or device. Hence, non-surgical therapy is not helpful in osseous defect. Surgical therapy in combination with osseous resective or regenerative approach removes the residual sub-gingival deposits additionally reducing the peri-implantitis pocket. Although there is no specific recommendation for the treatment of peri-implantitis, surgical therapy in combination with osseous resective or regenerative approach showed the positive outcome.
PubMed: 26877903
DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1735-2 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2018As implant site preparation and bone are critical precursors to primary healing, thermal and mechanical damage to the bone must be minimized during the preparation of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As implant site preparation and bone are critical precursors to primary healing, thermal and mechanical damage to the bone must be minimized during the preparation of the implant site. Moreover, excessively traumatic surgery can adversely affect the maturation of bone tissue at the bone/implant interface and consequently diminish the predictability of osseointegration. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the various biological and mechanical factors responsible for heat generation during osteotomy site preparation to reduce the same for successful osseointegration of dental implants.
STUDY DESIGN
A broad search of the dental literature in PubMed added by manual search was performed for articles published between 1992 and December 2015. Various bio-mechanical factors related to dental implant osteotomy preparation such as dental implant drill designs/material/wear, drilling methods, type of irrigation, and bone quality were reviewed. Titles and abstracts were screened and articles which fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for a full-text reading.
RESULTS
The initial database search yielded 123 titles, of which 59 titles were discarded after reading the titles and abstracts, 30 articles were again excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 34 articles were selected for data extraction. Many biological and mechanical factors responsible for heat generation were found.
CONCLUSION
Literatures of this review study have indicated that there are various bio-mechanical reasons, which affect the temperature rise during osteotomy and suggest that the amount of heat generation is a multifactorial in nature and it should be minimized for better primary healing of the implant site.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Hot Temperature; Humans; Osteotomy
PubMed: 29442092
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_729_16