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European Spine Journal : Official... Oct 2001Osteoinduction is the process by which osteogenesis is induced. It is a phenomenon regularly seen in any type of bone healing process. Osteoinduction implies the... (Review)
Review
Osteoinduction is the process by which osteogenesis is induced. It is a phenomenon regularly seen in any type of bone healing process. Osteoinduction implies the recruitment of immature cells and the stimulation of these cells to develop into preosteoblasts. In a bone healing situation such as a fracture, the majority of bone healing is dependent on osteoinduction. Osteoconduction means that bone grows on a surface. This phenomenon is regularly seen in the case of bone implants. Implant materials of low biocompatibility such as copper, silver and bone cement shows little or no osteoconduction. Osseointegration is the stable anchorage of an implant achieved by direct bone-to-implant contact. In craniofacial implantology, this mode of anchorage is the only one for which high success rates have been reported. Osseointegration is possible in other parts of the body, but its importance for the anchorage of major arthroplasties is under debate. Ingrowth of bone in a porous-coated prosthesis may or may not represent osseointegration.
Topics: Bone Development; Bone and Bones; Humans; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Wound Healing
PubMed: 11716023
DOI: 10.1007/s005860100282 -
Dental Materials Journal Jan 2020This review scientifically compares the properties of zirconia and titanium, but does not identify the best among them as an implant material. Surface treatment and... (Review)
Review
This review scientifically compares the properties of zirconia and titanium, but does not identify the best among them as an implant material. Surface treatment and modification to improve tissue bonding and inhibit bacterial adhesion are not considered in this review. The mechanical properties of titanium are superior to those of zirconia; some studies have shown that zirconia can be used as a dental implant, especially as an abutment. Extensive surface treatment research is ongoing to inhibit bacterial adhesion and improve osseointegration and soft tissue adhesion phenomena which make it difficult to evaluate properties of the materials themselves without surface treatment. Osseointegration of titanium is superior to that of zirconia itself without surface treatment; after surface treatment, both materials show comparable osseointegration. The surface morphology is more important for osseointegration than the surface composition. To inhibit bacterial adhesion, zirconia is superior to titanium, and hence, more suitable for abutments. Both materials show similar capability for soft tissue adhesion.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zirconium
PubMed: 31666488
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-172 -
Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... 2009Osseointegration refers to a direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant. Currently, an implant... (Review)
Review
Osseointegration refers to a direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant. Currently, an implant is considered as osseointegrated when there is no progressive relative movement between the implant and the bone with which it has direct contact. A direct bone contact as observed histologically may be indicative of the lack of a local or systemic biological response to that surface. It is therefore proposed that osseointegration is not the result of an advantageous biological tissue response but rather the lack of a negative tissue response. The rationale of the present review is to evaluate the basic science work performed on the concept of biology of osseointegration, and to discuss the specific factors as they may relate to osseous healing around an implant.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Osseointegration; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 19516081
DOI: No ID Found -
BioMed Research International 2022In a society highly conscious of esthetics, prosthetic rehabilitation of lost teeth with tissue-integrated implants has gained wide acceptance and demand by patients and... (Review)
Review
In a society highly conscious of esthetics, prosthetic rehabilitation of lost teeth with tissue-integrated implants has gained wide acceptance and demand by patients and clinicians. The backbone of these tissue-integrated implants is the biotechnical process of osseointegration. Although the concept has been introduced and discussed for ages, the deepening knowledge about its cellular and molecular mechanisms has led the researchers to borrow further into the factors influencing the process of osseointegration. This has aided in the hastening and improving the process of osseointegration by exploiting several, even the minutest, details and events taking place in this natural process. Recently, due to the high esthetic expectations of the patients, the implants are being loaded immediately, which demands a high degree of implant stability. Implant stability, especially secondary stability, largely depends on bone formation and integration of implants to the osseous tissues. Various factors that influence the rate and success of osseointegration can either be categorized as those related to implant characteristics like the physical and chemical macro- and microdesign of implants or the bone characteristics like the amount and quality of bone and the local and systemic host conditions, or the time or protocol followed for the functional loading of the dental implant. To address the shortcomings in osseointegration due to any of the factors, it is mandatory that continuous and reliable monitoring of the status of osseointegration is done. This review attempts to encompass the mechanisms, factors affecting, and methods to assess osseointegration, followed by a discussion on the recent advances and future perspectives in dental implantology to enhance the process of osseointegration. The review was aimed at igniting the inquisitive minds to usher further the development of technology that enhances osseointegration.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Tooth Loss; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35747499
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6170452 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... May 2019Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the appearance of natural teeth and decrease peri-implant inflammatory reactions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behavior of zirconia in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out until May 2018 using the following combination of key words and MeSH terms without time periods: "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration" or "biological properties" or "bioactivity" or "functionally graded properties".
RESULTS
Previous studies have reported the influence of zirconia-based implant surface on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast and fibroblasts at the implant to bone interface during the osseointegration process. A large number of physicochemical methods have been used to change the implant surfaces and therefore to improve the early and late bone-to-implant integration, namely: acid etching, gritblasting, laser treatment, UV light, CVD, and PVD. The development of coatings composed of silica, magnesium, graphene, dopamine, and bioactive molecules has been assessed although the development of a functionally graded material for implants has shown encouraging mechanical and biological behavior.
CONCLUSION
Modified zirconia surfaces clearly demonstrate faster osseointegration than that on untreated surfaces. However, there is no consensus regarding the surface treatment and consequent morphological aspects of the surfaces to enhance osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 30813009
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.062 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Oct 2017Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used in combination with the installment of titanium implants. The application of a membrane to exclude non-osteogenic tissues... (Review)
Review
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used in combination with the installment of titanium implants. The application of a membrane to exclude non-osteogenic tissues from interfering with bone regeneration is a key principle of GBR. Membrane materials possess a number of properties which are amenable to modification. A large number of membranes have been introduced for experimental and clinical verification. This prompts the need for an update on membrane properties and the biological outcomes, as well as a critical assessment of the biological mechanisms governing bone regeneration in defects covered by membranes. The relevant literature for this narrative review was assessed after a MEDLINE/PubMed database search. Experimental data suggest that different modifications of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of membranes may promote bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the precise role of membrane porosities for the barrier function of GBR membranes still awaits elucidation. Novel experimental findings also suggest an active role of the membrane compartment per se in promoting the regenerative processes in the underlying defect during GBR, instead of being purely a passive barrier. The optimization of membrane materials by systematically addressing both the barrier and the bioactive properties is an important strategy in this field of research.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Dental Implants; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Osseointegration; Titanium
PubMed: 28833567
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12364 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2020Since 1970s, a lot of effort has been devoted toward the development of dental implants. Dental implants are nowadays an indispensable part of clinical dentistry. The...
Since 1970s, a lot of effort has been devoted toward the development of dental implants. Dental implants are nowadays an indispensable part of clinical dentistry. The global dental implant market is expected to reach $13 billion in 2023. Although, the survival rate of dental implants has been reported above 90%, compromised bone conditions promote implant failure and endanger the current high success rates. The main concern is related to the aging population. Diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity and use of drugs are all medical conditions, which can hamper bone healing around dental implants. In view of this, research toward developing better methods of enhancing implant osseointegration have to be continued, especially in the presence of impaired bone condition. In this paper, the current changes and their future perspective are discussed.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Osseointegration; Titanium
PubMed: 31969548
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-140 -
BioMed Research International 2016Objective. The aim of this paper is to review different surface modifications of dental implants and their effect on osseointegration. Common marketed as well as... (Review)
Review
Objective. The aim of this paper is to review different surface modifications of dental implants and their effect on osseointegration. Common marketed as well as experimental surface modifications are discussed. Discussion. The major challenge for contemporary dental implantologists is to provide oral rehabilitation to patients with healthy bone conditions asking for rapid loading protocols or to patients with quantitatively or qualitatively compromised bone. These charging conditions require advances in implant surface design. The elucidation of bone healing physiology has driven investigators to engineer implant surfaces that closely mimic natural bone characteristics. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of surface modifications that beneficially alter the topography, hydrophilicity, and outer coating of dental implants in order to enhance osseointegration in healthy as well as in compromised bone. In the first part, this paper discusses dental implants that have been successfully used for a number of years focusing on sandblasting, acid-etching, and hydrophilic surface textures. Hereafter, new techniques like Discrete Crystalline Deposition, laser ablation, and surface coatings with proteins, drugs, or growth factors are presented. Conclusion. Major advancements have been made in developing novel surfaces of dental implants. These innovations set the stage for rehabilitating patients with high success and predictable survival rates even in challenging conditions.
Topics: Animals; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Rehabilitation; Surface Properties
PubMed: 27478833
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6285620 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2015Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the... (Review)
Review
Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Regeneration; Bone-Implant Interface; Cytokines; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Polymers; Surface Properties; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 25861724
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Apr 2019Titanium dental implants have wide clinical application due to their many advantages, including comfort, aesthetics, lack of damage to adjacent teeth, and significant... (Review)
Review
Titanium dental implants have wide clinical application due to their many advantages, including comfort, aesthetics, lack of damage to adjacent teeth, and significant clinical effects. However, the failure of osseointegration, bone resorption, and peri-implantitis limits their application. Physical-chemical and bioactive coatings on the surface of titanium implants could improve the successful rate of dental implants and meet the clinical application requirements. This paper reviews the characteristics of surface modification of titanium implants from the aspects of physics, chemistry, and biology. Results provide information for research and clinical application of dental implant materials.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dental Implants; Esthetics, Dental; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 31168977
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.02.002