-
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Dec 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Humans; Pandemics
PubMed: 34786993
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00463.2021 -
Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.) Sep 2022In Canada, HIV diagnoses continue unabated, with many of these cases being identified at a late stage of infection. While current public health surveillance data does... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
In Canada, HIV diagnoses continue unabated, with many of these cases being identified at a late stage of infection. While current public health surveillance data does not capture timing of diagnoses, locally, we identified a number of patients concurrently diagnosed with AIDS and HIV.
DESIGN
To understand the key characteristics, presenting symptoms, and risk factors associated with an AIDS diagnosis, we undertook a prospective chart review of HIV and AIDS diagnoses in Ottawa, Canada.
SAMPLE
Sixty seven charts of persons diagnosed with HIV and AIDS between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed.
MEASUREMENTS
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Results show some inconsistencies regarding HIV risk factors identified in published literature compared to those for persons diagnosed with AIDS in this study. Namely, patients in this review were more likely to be male, Black (from HIV-endemic regions), and heterosexual, and were diagnosed at critical stage in infection (total average CD4+ count of 92.9 cells/mm ) with 44.8% of patients concurrently diagnosed with one or more AIDS-related opportunistic infections.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings can be applied to strengthen HIV screening efforts in primary care settings, particularly among patients who present with persistent symptoms or illnesses related to chronic HIV infection. Additional considerations should be made for public health nurses to provide counseling and linkage to HIV testing/prevention services for patients at the time of an STI or Tuberculosis diagnosis and to increase AIDS-specific data collection.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35305282
DOI: 10.1111/phn.13065 -
Oncology Research and Treatment 2017Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas (ARL) still represent a relevant field of clinical research. For most histological subtypes of ARL, no... (Review)
Review
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas (ARL) still represent a relevant field of clinical research. For most histological subtypes of ARL, no optimal initial therapy has been clearly defined so far. Rituximab plus chemotherapy is feasible and effective and should be offered to all patients with CD20-positive ARL regardless of their CD4 cell count. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) should be given concomitantly with chemotherapy, bearing in mind potential drug-drug interactions. Appropriate treatment of ARL is determined by a number of factors such as lymphoma stage, performance status, comorbidities, histological subtype, and immunosuppression. Treatment should principally be the same as in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative lymphoma patients. In HIV-related Hodgkin's lymphoma, high cure rates have been achieved with stage-adapted treatment approaches, albeit with worse outcomes compared to immunocompetent patients.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Lymphoma; Medical Oncology; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28253516
DOI: 10.1159/000456036 -
AIDS (London, England) Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; HIV Infections; United Nations
PubMed: 37139655
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003571 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Jun 2020The critical role of suppressive myeloid cells in immune regulation has come to the forefront in cancer research, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a main... (Review)
Review
The critical role of suppressive myeloid cells in immune regulation has come to the forefront in cancer research, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a main oncology immunotherapeutic target. Recent improvement and standardization of criteria classifying tumor-induced MDSCs have led to unified descriptions and also promoted MDSC research in tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. Despite convincing evidence on the induction of MDSCs by pathogen-derived molecules and inflammatory mediators in TB and AIDS, very little attention has been given to their therapeutic modulation or roles in vaccination in these diseases. Clinical manifestations in TB are consequences of complex host-pathogen interactions and are substantially affected by HIV infection. Here we summarize the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding the role of MDSCs in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (co)infections. We discuss key scientific priorities to enable application of this knowledge to the development of novel strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and/or implementation of enhanced treatment approaches. Building on recent findings and potential for cross-fertilization between oncology and infection biology, we highlight current challenges and untapped opportunities for translating new advances in MDSC research into clinical applications for TB and AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV-1; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 32420917
DOI: 10.1172/JCI136288 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Aug 2016One of the current focuses in HIV/AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that can provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS without daily drug... (Review)
Review
One of the current focuses in HIV/AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that can provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS without daily drug treatment and, ultimately, a cure for HIV/AIDS. Hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy aims to reconstitute the patient immune system by transplantation of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells with anti-HIV genes. Hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew, proliferate and differentiate into mature immune cells. In theory, anti-HIV gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells can continuously provide HIV-resistant immune cells throughout the life of a patient. Therefore, hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy has a great potential to provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS by a single treatment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress of developing anti-HIV genes, genetic modification of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, engraftment and reconstitution of anti-HIV gene-modified immune cells, HIV inhibition in in vitro and in vivo animal models, and in human clinical trials.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Genetic Therapy; HIV Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans
PubMed: 27151309
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.027 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2020According to the United Nations AIDS reports in 2018, the Middle East and North Africa region is considered an area of increasing concern for HIV infection due to high...
According to the United Nations AIDS reports in 2018, the Middle East and North Africa region is considered an area of increasing concern for HIV infection due to high mortality associated with AIDS. The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Palestine between 1988 and 2017 as reported by the Palestinian Ministry of Health was analyzed. A total of 98 cases were reported (79 AIDS patients and 19 HIV positives). A nationwide surveillance is needed to understand the epidemiology of HIV infection in the country. Identification of the HIV risk factors and health outreach directed to the public are essentially crucial prevention measures that should be implemented by the Palestinian Ministry of Health.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Young Adult
PubMed: 31648004
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.019 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jul 2020HIV/AIDS prevention has been widely adopted worldwide, but little is known about HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
HIV/AIDS prevention has been widely adopted worldwide, but little is known about HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula.
AIM
To summarize the level of knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS in seven Arabian Peninsula countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)).
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed using combined keywords in four scientific databases of peer-reviewed publications from January 2010 to June 2019. Twenty-five articles were included in the systematic review, and twenty studies in the meta-analysis. The data was analyzed using a random-effect model due to the heterogeneity between the studies.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies reported on the level of knowledge and overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS in this region: 74.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66.8%-82.0%, p<0.001) and the attitude was 52.8% (95% CI: 36.9%-68.6%, p<0.001). A study from Oman reported higher knowledge levels (95.5%, 95% CI: 94.2%-96.8%) while less than a quarter of the Bahrain population had positive attitudes 22.5% (95% CI: 20.5%-24.5%). Medical doctors showed higher knowledge (94.1%, 95% CI: 92.9%-95.3%), but a positive attitude was only observed in 32.5% (95% CI: 28.8%-36.2%) of the dentists toward HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSION
The overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found to be satisfactory (74.4%), but about half (52.8%) of those displayed negative attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Regular training courses as well as reviewing and reinforcing HIV/AIDS prevention guidelines can be useful to update knowledge and improve attitudes in this region.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle East; Physicians; Prisoners; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32359925
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.002 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Jul 2023Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long...
BACKGROUND
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high rate of pulmonary infections (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). To overcome the low sensitivity and long turnaround time of traditional laboratory-based diagnostic strategies, we adopted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to identify and classify pathogens.
RESULTS
This study enrolled 75 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary infections who were admitted to Nanning Fourth People's Hospital. Specimens were collected for traditional microbiological testing and mNGS-based diagnosis. The diagnostic yields of the two methods were compared to evaluate the diagnostic value (detection rate and turn around time) of mNGS for infections with unknown causative agent. Accordingly, 22 cases (29.3%) had a positive culture and 70 (93.3%) had positive valve mNGS results (P value < 0.0001, Chi-square test). Meanwhile, 15 patients with AIDS showed concordant results between the culture and mNGS, whereas only one 1 patient showed concordant results between Giemsa-stained smear screening and mNGS. In addition, mNGS identified multiple microbial infections (at least three pathogens) in almost 60.0% of patients with AIDS. More importantly, mNGS was able to detect a large variety of pathogens from patient tissue displaying potential infection and colonization, while culture results remained negative. There were 18 members of pathogens which were consistently detected in patients with and without AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, mNGS analysis provides fast and precise pathogen detection and identification, contributing substantially to the accurate diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and treatment appropriateness of pulmonary infection in patients with AIDS.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Azure Stains; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37430367
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00608-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of... (Review)
Review
Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of HIV infections. Malignancies previously associated with HIV/AIDS, also known as the AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) have been documented to decrease, while the non-AIDS defining cancer (NADCs) are on the rise. On the other hand, cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and precision oncology as the most effective cancer therapy is gaining attraction. Among HIV-infected individuals, the increased risk for developing cancer is due to the immune system of the patient being suppressed, frequent coinfection with oncogenic viruses and an increase in risky behavior such as poor lifestyle. The core of personalised medicine for cancer depends on the discovery and the development of biomarkers. Biomarkers are specific and highly sensitive markers that reveal information that aid in leading to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the disease. This review focuses mainly on the risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of various cancer biomarkers in HIV-positive patients. A careful selection of sensitive and specific HIV-associated cancer biomarkers is required to identify patients at most risk of tumour development, thus improving the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biomarkers, Tumor; Comorbidity; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Oncogenic Viruses; Precision Medicine; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34360891
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158127