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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2020Marek's disease virus is an economically important avian herpesvirus that causes tumors and immunosuppression in chickens and turkeys. The virus, disease, and vaccines... (Review)
Review
Marek's disease virus is an economically important avian herpesvirus that causes tumors and immunosuppression in chickens and turkeys. The virus, disease, and vaccines have been known for more than 50 years, but as knowledge gaps still exists, intensive research is still ongoing. The understanding of MDV complexity can provide scientific insight in topics that cannot be experimented in humans, providing a unique model that is dually useful for the benefit of the poultry industry and for studying general herpesvirology. The present review presents the following topics: the MDV biology, the vaccine's and virulent virus' peculiar presence in feathers, protection by vaccination. In addition, two relatively behind the scenes topics are reviewed; first, the meq MDV oncogene and its recent implication in molecular epidemiology and in the MDV virulence determination, and second, the functionality of conformational epitopes of the MDV immunodominant protein, glycoprotein B. Our studies were particular, as they were the only ones describing three-dimensional MDV gB oligomers. MDV gB (glycoprotein B) continuous and discontinuous epitopes were shown to possess distinctive neutralization activities. In contrast, the significance of oligomerization of the viral membrane proteins for the creation of discontinuous epitopes in other herpesviruses was explored extensively.
PubMed: 32751762
DOI: 10.3390/ani10081319 -
Data in Brief Dec 2016The data described are related to the article entitled "Sequence Analysis of Meq oncogene among Indian isolates of Marek׳s Disease Herpesvirus" M. Gupta, D. Deka,...
The data described are related to the article entitled "Sequence Analysis of Meq oncogene among Indian isolates of Marek׳s Disease Herpesvirus" M. Gupta, D. Deka, Ramneek, 2016. Seven meq genes of Ludhiana Marek׳s disease virus (MDV) field isolates were PCR amplified by using proof reading Platinum Pfx DNA polymerase enzyme, sequenced and then analyzed for the distinct polymorphisms and point mutations. The sequences were named as LDH 1758, LDH 2003, LDH 2483, LDH 2614, LDH 2700, LDH 2929 and LDH 3262. At this point, their deduced Meq amino acid sequences were compared with GenBank available already sequenced meq genes worldwide in their deduced amino acid form to study their identity/similarity with each other.
PubMed: 27656677
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.08.052 -
Viruses Jan 2019Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and integrates its genome into the telomeres of latently infected cells. MDV encodes...
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and integrates its genome into the telomeres of latently infected cells. MDV encodes two proteins, UL12 and UL29 (ICP8), that are conserved among herpesviruses and could facilitate virus integration. The orthologues of UL12 and UL29 in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) possess exonuclease and single strand DNA-binding activity, respectively, and facilitate DNA recombination; however, the role of both proteins in the MDV lifecycle remains elusive. To determine if UL12 and/or UL29 are involved in virus replication, we abrogated their expression in the very virulent RB-1B strain. Abrogation of either UL12 or UL29 resulted in a severe impairment of virus replication. We also demonstrated that MDV UL12 can aid in single strand annealing DNA repair, using a well-established reporter cell line. Finally, we assessed the role of UL12 and UL29 in MDV integration and maintenance of the latent virus genome. We could demonstrate that knockdown of UL12 and UL29 does not interfere with the establishment or maintenance of latency. Our data therefore shed light on the role of MDV UL12 and UL29 in MDV replication, DNA repair, and maintenance of the latent virus genome.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chickens; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Marek Disease; Recombination, Genetic; Viral Proteins; Virus Latency; Virus Replication
PubMed: 30696089
DOI: 10.3390/v11020111 -
Microorganisms May 2022The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating brain function, influencing psychological and emotional stability. The correlations between conspecific...
The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating brain function, influencing psychological and emotional stability. The correlations between conspecific aggression, gut microbiota, and physiological homeostasis were further studied in inbred laying chicken lines, 63 and 72, which were diversely selected for Marek’s disease, and they also behave differently in aggression. Ten sixty-week-old hens from each line were sampled for blood, brain, and cecal content. Neurotransmitters, cytokines, corticosterone, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were determined. Cecal microbiota compositions were determined by bacterial 16s rRNA sequencing, and functional predictions were performed. Our data showed that the central serotonin and tryptophan levels were higher in line 63 compared to line 72 (p < 0.05). Plasma corticosterone, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and central norepinephrine were lower in line 63 (p < 0.05). The level of tumor necrosis factor α tended to be higher in line 63. Faecalibacterium, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Bacteriodes were enriched in line 63 birds, while Clostridiales vadin BB60, Alistipes, Mollicutes RF39 were dominated in line 72. From the predicted bacterial functional genes, the kynurenine pathway was upregulated in line 72. These results suggested a functional linkage of the line differences in serotonergic activity, stress response, innate immunity, and gut microbiota populations.
PubMed: 35744601
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061081 -
JAMA Neurology Aug 2017Detecting individuals at risk for Parkinson disease (PD) during the prodromal phase could clarify disease mechanisms and allow for treatment earlier in the disease...
IMPORTANCE
Detecting individuals at risk for Parkinson disease (PD) during the prodromal phase could clarify disease mechanisms and allow for treatment earlier in the disease process to possibly slow or prevent the onset of motor PD.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if the combination of smell identification testing followed by dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging can accurately and efficiently identify individuals from the general population at risk for conversion to a clinical diagnosis of PD.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Participants were identified from the community by olfactory testing assessed longitudinally with DAT imaging 2 and 4 years after baseline and by annual clinical follow-up to determine whether they had clinical evidence to establish a PD diagnosis. Participants were contacted by mail and completed olfactory testing at home. Longitudinal follow-up of clinical measures and DAT imaging occurred at specialty centers. There were 203 hyposmic and 100 normosmic participants. A total of 185 hyposmic and 95 normosmic individuals had at least 1 follow-up visit, and 152 hyposmic participants (82.2%) were either observed for 4 years or converted to PD during follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Percentage of individuals with hyposmia and a DAT deficit that converted to PD and the change in PD clinical scale scores (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and DAT imaging during 4-year follow-up.
RESULTS
Of 280 total participants, 140 (50.0%) were male, and the mean (SD) age of the cohort was 63 (8.7) years. Among 21 participants with hyposmia and a DAT deficit (65% or less of age-expected lowest putamen binding ratio) at baseline, 14 (67%) converted to PD at 4 years compared with 2 of 22 participants (9%) with a DAT in an indeterminate range (greater than 65%-80%) and 3 of 109 participants (2.8%) with no DAT deficit (greater than 80%) at baseline. Individuals with a baseline DAT deficit experienced a 4-year decline in DAT binding of 20.23% (SD, 15.04%) compared with 3.68% (SD, 18.36%) and 5.45% (SD, 13.58%) for participants with an indeterminate and no DAT deficit, respectively (P = .002). The relative risk of conversion to a diagnosis of PD in hyposmic individuals with a DAT deficit was 17.47 (95% CI, 7.02-43.45) compared with individuals with either indeterminate or no DAT deficit.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The combination of hyposmia and DAT deficit was highly predictive of conversion to PD within 4 years of clinical follow-up. Individuals with hyposmia and a DAT deficit had a 5% reduction in DAT binding annually, similar to early PD. These results provide a framework for planning disease prevention studies in PD.
Topics: Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Cohort Studies; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfaction Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Prodromal Symptoms; Severity of Illness Index; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tropanes
PubMed: 28595287
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0985 -
Genomics May 2022The impact of Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) on chicken disease is not well understood. Here, we systematically identified 436 relatively complete ChERVs from the...
The impact of Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) on chicken disease is not well understood. Here, we systematically identified 436 relatively complete ChERVs from the chicken genome. Subsequently, ChERV transcriptomes were analyzed in chicken after subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), avian influenza virus (AIV), Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection. We found that about 50%-68% of ChERVs were transcriptionally active in infected and uninfected-samples, although the abundance of most ChERVs is relatively low. Moreover, compared to uninfected-samples, 49, 18, 66 and 17 ChERVs were significantly differentially expressed in ALV-J, AIV, MDV and APEC infected-samples, respectively. These findings may be of significance for understanding the role and function of ChERVs to response the pathogenic microorganism infection.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Endogenous Retroviruses; Avian Leukosis; Transcriptome; Poultry Diseases; Avian Leukosis Virus
PubMed: 35462029
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110371 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2019Although hyperthyroidism is characterised by female predominance, its presence may lead to the development of numerous complications in both sexes. This study was aimed...
INTRODUCTION
Although hyperthyroidism is characterised by female predominance, its presence may lead to the development of numerous complications in both sexes. This study was aimed at investigating sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with overt hyperthyroidism of autoimmune and non-autoimmune origin.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study population consisted of three age-matched groups: men with overt hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease (group A; n = 20), men with overt hyperthyroidism and toxic multinodular goitre or toxic adenoma (group B; n = 21), and men with normal thyroid function (group C; n = 23). As well as measuring serum hormone levels and antibody titres, and determining calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis, all included patients filled in questionnaires evaluating sexual function (International Index of Erectile Function-15: IIEF-15) and assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition - BDI-II).
RESULTS
Compared with control subjects, men with overt hyperthyroidism obtained lower scores for erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function and overall satisfaction. Scores for erectile function, orgasmic function, and sexual desire differed between both groups of men with thyroid hyperfunction and inversely correlated with thyrotropin receptor antibody titres. The BDI-II score was higher in patients with Graves' disease than in men with normal thyroid function.
CONCLUSIONS
The obtained results indicate that overt hyperthyroidism in men causes multidimensional impairment of sexual function, which is particularly pronounced if excessive hormone production results from Graves' disease.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Poland; Sexual Health; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30307028
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2018.0069 -
Immune escape of avian oncogenic Marek's disease herpesvirus and antagonistic host immune responses.NPJ Vaccines Jun 2024Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly pathogenic and oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD), which is one of the most important immunosuppressive... (Review)
Review
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly pathogenic and oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD), which is one of the most important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic diseases in poultry. The onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical diseases can be efficiently prevented by vaccination; these vaccines are heralded as the first demonstration of a successful vaccination strategy against a cancer. However, the persistent evolution of epidemic MDV strains towards greater virulence has recently resulted in frequent outbreaks of MD in vaccinated chicken flocks worldwide. Herein, we provide an overall review focusing on the discovery and identification of the strategies by which MDV evades host immunity and attacks the immune system. We have also highlighted the decrease in the immune efficacy of current MD vaccines. The prospects, strategies and new techniques for the development of efficient MD vaccines, together with the possibilities of antiviral therapy in MD, are also discussed.
PubMed: 38879650
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00905-0 -
Poultry Science Jun 2023Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Previous studies have showed that DNA methylation was involved in...
Integrated analysis of methylation profiles and transcriptome of Marek's disease virus-infected chicken spleens reveal hypomethylation of CD4 and HMGB1 genes might promote Marek's disease tumorigenesis.
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Previous studies have showed that DNA methylation was involved in MD development, but systematic studies are still lacking. Herein, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq in MDV-infected tumorous spleens (IN), noninfected spleens (NoIN), and survivor (SUR) spleens of chickens to identify the genes playing important roles in MD tumor transformation. We generated the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of MDV-infected, noninfected, and survivor chickens. Combined the WGBS and RNA-Seq, we found that the expression of 25% differential expression genes (DEGs) were significantly correlated with methylation of CpG sites in their gene bodies or promoters. Further, we focused on the DEGs with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on genes' body and promoter, and it showed the expression of 60% DEGs were significantly correlated with methylation of CpG sites in DMRs. Finally, we identified 8 genes, including CD4, CTLA4, DTL, HMGB1, LGMN, NUP210, RAD52, and ZAP70, and their expression was negatively correlated with methylation of DMRs in their promoters in both IN vs. NoIN and IN vs. SUR. These 8 genes showed specifically high expression in IN groups and clustered in module turquoise analyzed by WGCNA. Out of 8 genes, CD4 and HMGB1 were drop in QTLs associated with MD resistance. Thus, we overexpressed the 2 genes to simulate their high expression in the IN group and found they significantly promoted MDCC-MSB-1 cell proliferation, which revealed they might play promoting roles in MD tumorigenesis in IN due to their high expression induced by hypomethylation.
Topics: Animals; Marek Disease; Chickens; Transcriptome; Spleen; DNA Methylation; HMGB1 Protein; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Carcinogenesis; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37043960
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102594 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Marek's disease, an economically important disease of chickens caused by virulent serotype 1 strains of the Marek's disease virus (MDV-1), is effectively controlled in...
Rapid, Sensitive, and Species-Specific Detection of Conventional and Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkeys Vaccines Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled With a Lateral Flow Device Readout.
Marek's disease, an economically important disease of chickens caused by virulent serotype 1 strains of the Marek's disease virus (MDV-1), is effectively controlled in the field by live attenuated vaccine viruses including herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-both conventional HVT (strain FC126) and, in recent years, recombinant HVT viruses carrying foreign genes from other avian viruses to protect against both Marek's disease and other avian viral diseases. Testing to monitor and confirm successful vaccination is important, but any such test must differentiate HVT from MDV-1 and MDV-2, as vaccination does not prevent infection with these serotypes. End-point and real-time PCR tests are widely used to detect and differentiate HVT, MDV-1 and MDV-2 but require expensive specialist laboratory equipment and trained operators. Here, we developed and validated two tube-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification tests coupled with detection by lateral flow device readout (LAMP-LFD): an HVT-specific test to detect both conventional and recombinant HVT strains, and a second test using novel LAMP primers to specifically detect the Vaxxitek® recombinant HVT. Specificity was confirmed using DNA extracted from virus-infected cultured cells, and limit of detection was determined using plasmid DNA carrying either the HVT or Vaxxitek® genome. The LAMP-LFD tests accurately detected all HVT vaccines, or Vaxxitek® only, in crude DNA as well as purified DNA extracted from field samples of organs, feathers, or poultry house dust that were confirmed positive for HVT by real-time PCR. These LAMP-LFD tests have potential for specific, rapid, simple, and inexpensive detection of HVT vaccines in the field.
PubMed: 35812862
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873163