Did you mean: marek s disease
-
Veterinary Research Apr 2014Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus which induces T-cell lymphoma in the chicken. This virus is still spreading in flocks despite forty years... (Review)
Review
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus which induces T-cell lymphoma in the chicken. This virus is still spreading in flocks despite forty years of vaccination, with important economical losses worldwide. The feather follicles, which anchor feathers into the skin and allow their morphogenesis, are considered as the unique source of MDV excretion, causing environmental contamination and disease transmission. Epithelial cells from the feather follicles are the only known cells in which high levels of infectious mature virions have been observed by transmission electron microscopy and from which cell-free infectious virions have been purified. Finally, feathers harvested on animals and dust are today considered excellent materials to monitor vaccination, spread of pathogenic viruses, and environmental contamination. This article reviews the current knowledge on MDV-skin interactions and discusses new approaches that could solve important issues in the future.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Marek Disease; Poultry Diseases; Skin Diseases, Viral
PubMed: 24694064
DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-36 -
Poultry Science Feb 2016Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a chicken alphaherpesvirus that causes paralysis, chronic wasting, blindness, and fatal lymphoma development in infected, susceptible host... (Review)
Review
Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a chicken alphaherpesvirus that causes paralysis, chronic wasting, blindness, and fatal lymphoma development in infected, susceptible host birds. This disease and its protective vaccines are highly relevant research targets, given their enormous impact within the poultry industry. Further, Marek's disease (MD) serves as a valuable model for the investigation of oncogenic viruses and herpesvirus patterns of viral latency and persistence--as pertinent to human health as to poultry health. The objectives of this article are to review MDV interactions with its host from a variety of genomic, molecular, and cellular perspectives. In particular, we focus on cytogenetic studies, which precisely assess the physical status of the MDV genome in the context of the chicken host genome. Combined, the cytogenetic and genomic research indicates that MDV-host genome interactions, specifically integration of the virus into the host telomeres, is a key feature of the virus life cycle, contributing to the viral achievement of latency, transformation, and reactivation of lytic replication. We present a model that outlines the variety of virus-host interactions, at the multiple levels, and with regard to the disease states.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Mardivirus; Marek Disease; Models, Biological; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 26755654
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev369 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Jul 1978Of four groups of chickens, two (groups I and II) were infected with MDV and two were not (groups III and IV). Groups I and III were fed diets low in lipid, and groups...
Of four groups of chickens, two (groups I and II) were infected with MDV and two were not (groups III and IV). Groups I and III were fed diets low in lipid, and groups II and IV were fed cholesterol-supplemented diets. Striking grossly visible atherosclerotic lesions were seen in large coronary arteries, aortas, and major aortic branches of infected normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic chickens (groups I and II). In contrast, grossly visible atherosclerotic lesions were not seen in uninfected normocholesterolemic chickens (group III), nor in uninfected hypercholesterolemic chickens (group IV). Microscopically, arterial changes in the infected animals were characterized by occlusive fibromuscular intimal thickening which formed fibrous caps overlying areas of atheromatous change. This change closely resembled chronic atherosclerosis in man. These results may have important bearing on our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of human arteriosclerosis since there is widespread and persistent infection of human populations with up to five different herpes-viruses.
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Chickens; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Marek Disease; Poultry
PubMed: 209124
DOI: 10.1084/jem.148.1.335 -
Veterinary Research Nov 2016Marek's disease (MD), caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a commercially important neoplastic disease of poultry which is only controlled by mass vaccination.... (Review)
Review
Marek's disease (MD), caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a commercially important neoplastic disease of poultry which is only controlled by mass vaccination. Importantly, vaccines that can provide sterile immunity and inhibit virus transmission are lacking; such that vaccines are only capable of preventing neuropathy, oncogenic disease and immunosuppression, but are unable to prevent MDV transmission or infection, leading to emergence of increasingly virulent pathotypes. Hence, to address these issues, developing more efficacious vaccines that induce sterile immunity have become one of the important research goals for avian immunologists today. MDV shares very close genomic functional and structural characteristics to most mammalian herpes viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV). MD also provides an excellent T cell lymphoma model for gaining insights into other herpesvirus-induced oncogenesis in mammals and birds. For these reasons, we need to develop an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the host-viral interaction and host immunity against MD. Similarly, the underlying genetic variation within different chicken lines has a major impact on the outcome of infection. In this review article, we aim to investigate the pathogenesis of MDV infection, host immunity to MD and discuss areas of research that need to be further explored.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Marek Disease; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 27894330
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0404-3 -
Telomeres and Telomerase: Role in Marek's Disease Virus Pathogenesis, Integration and Tumorigenesis.Viruses Jul 2017Telomeres protect the ends of vertebrate chromosomes from deterioration and consist of tandem nucleotide repeats (TTAGGG) that are associated with a number of proteins.... (Review)
Review
Telomeres protect the ends of vertebrate chromosomes from deterioration and consist of tandem nucleotide repeats (TTAGGG) that are associated with a number of proteins. Shortening of the telomeres occurs during genome replication, thereby limiting the replication potential of somatic cells. To counteract this shortening, vertebrates encode the telomerase complex that maintains telomere length in certain cell types via de novo addition of telomeric repeats. Several herpesviruses, including the highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV), harbor telomeric repeats (TMR) identical to the host telomere sequences at the ends of their linear genomes. These TMR facilitate the integration of the MDV genome into host telomeres during latency, allowing the virus to persist in the host for life. Integration into host telomeres is critical for disease and tumor induction by MDV, but also enables efficient reactivation of the integrated virus genome. In addition to the TMR, MDV also encodes a telomerase RNA subunit (vTR) that shares 88% sequence identity with the telomerase RNA in chicken (chTR). vTR is highly expressed during all stages of the virus lifecycle, enhances telomerase activity and plays an important role in MDV-induced tumor formation. This review will focus on the recent advances in understanding the role of viral TMR and vTR in MDV pathogenesis, integration and tumorigenesis.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Chickens; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Marek Disease; Telomerase; Telomere; Virus Integration
PubMed: 28677643
DOI: 10.3390/v9070173 -
Viruses Nov 2019Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek's disease, a malignant lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens. While MDV vaccines protect...
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek's disease, a malignant lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens. While MDV vaccines protect animals from clinical disease, they do not provide sterilizing immunity and allow field strains to circulate and evolve in vaccinated flocks. Therefore, there is a need for improved vaccines and for a better understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses against MDV infections. Interferons (IFNs) play important roles in the innate immune defenses against viruses and induce upregulation of a cellular antiviral state. In this report, we quantified the potent antiviral effect of IFNα and IFNγ against MDV infections in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that both cytokines can delay Marek's disease onset and progression in vivo. Additionally, blocking of endogenous IFNα using a specific monoclonal antibody, in turn, accelerated disease. In summary, our data reveal the effects of IFNα and IFNγ on MDV infection and improve our understanding of innate immune responses against this oncogenic virus.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chickens; Disease Progression; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Immunity, Innate; Interferon-alpha; Interferon-gamma; Marek Disease; Marek Disease Vaccines; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 31795203
DOI: 10.3390/v11121103 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023Purinergic receptors (PRs) have been reported as potential therapeutic targets for many viral infections including herpesviruses, which urges the investigation into...
Purinergic receptors (PRs) have been reported as potential therapeutic targets for many viral infections including herpesviruses, which urges the investigation into their role in Marek's disease (MD), a herpesvirus induced cancer in chickens that is an important pathogen for the poultry industry. MD is caused by MD virus (MDV) that has a similar viral life cycle as human varicella zoster virus in that it is shed from infected epithelial skin cells and enters the host through the respiratory route. In this report, PR responses during natural MDV infection and disease progression was examined in MD-resistant white Leghorns (WL) and MD-susceptible Pure Columbian (PC) chickens during natural infection. Whole lung lavage cells (WLLC) and liver tissue samples were collected from chickens infected but showing no clinical signs of MD (Infected) or presenting with clinical disease (Diseased). RNA was extracted followed by RT-qPCR analysis with gene specific primers against members of the P1, P2X, and P2Y PR families. Differential expression (p < 0.05) was observed in breed and disease conditions. Some PRs showed tissue specific expression (P1A1, P2X1, and P2X6 in WLLC) whereas others responded to MDV infection only in MD-susceptible (PC) chickens (P1A2A, P2X1, P2X5, P2X7). P2Y PRs had differential expression in both chicken lines in response to MDV infection and MD progression. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine PR responses during MDV infection and disease progression. These results suggest PR signaling may an important area of research for MDV replication and MD.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Chickens; Marek Disease; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Disease Susceptibility; Disease Progression
PubMed: 36739336
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29210-x -
Poultry Science Jun 2023Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Previous studies have showed that DNA methylation was involved in...
Integrated analysis of methylation profiles and transcriptome of Marek's disease virus-infected chicken spleens reveal hypomethylation of CD4 and HMGB1 genes might promote Marek's disease tumorigenesis.
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Previous studies have showed that DNA methylation was involved in MD development, but systematic studies are still lacking. Herein, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq in MDV-infected tumorous spleens (IN), noninfected spleens (NoIN), and survivor (SUR) spleens of chickens to identify the genes playing important roles in MD tumor transformation. We generated the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of MDV-infected, noninfected, and survivor chickens. Combined the WGBS and RNA-Seq, we found that the expression of 25% differential expression genes (DEGs) were significantly correlated with methylation of CpG sites in their gene bodies or promoters. Further, we focused on the DEGs with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on genes' body and promoter, and it showed the expression of 60% DEGs were significantly correlated with methylation of CpG sites in DMRs. Finally, we identified 8 genes, including CD4, CTLA4, DTL, HMGB1, LGMN, NUP210, RAD52, and ZAP70, and their expression was negatively correlated with methylation of DMRs in their promoters in both IN vs. NoIN and IN vs. SUR. These 8 genes showed specifically high expression in IN groups and clustered in module turquoise analyzed by WGCNA. Out of 8 genes, CD4 and HMGB1 were drop in QTLs associated with MD resistance. Thus, we overexpressed the 2 genes to simulate their high expression in the IN group and found they significantly promoted MDCC-MSB-1 cell proliferation, which revealed they might play promoting roles in MD tumorigenesis in IN due to their high expression induced by hypomethylation.
Topics: Animals; Marek Disease; Chickens; Transcriptome; Spleen; DNA Methylation; HMGB1 Protein; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Carcinogenesis; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37043960
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102594 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2016A 9-year-old male mixed breed cat showed chronic progressive neurological symptoms, which are represented by ataxia and seizures. At necropsy, spinal roots and spinal...
A 9-year-old male mixed breed cat showed chronic progressive neurological symptoms, which are represented by ataxia and seizures. At necropsy, spinal roots and spinal ganglions at the level of sixth cervical nerve to second thoracic nerve were bilaterally swollen and replaced by white mass lesions. Right brachial plexus and cranial nerves (III, V and VII) were also swollen. A mass lesion was found in the right frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Histologically, neoplastic lymphocytes extensively involved the peripheral nerves, and they infiltrated into the cerebral and spinal parenchyma according to the peripheral nerve tract. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD20. The clinical and histological features in this case resemble those of neurolymphomatosis in humans.
Topics: Animals; Brachial Plexus; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cranial Nerves; Frontal Lobe; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Marek Disease; Spinal Nerve Roots
PubMed: 26960326
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0553 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Apr 1998Viral infections of poultry can be catastrophic in terms of both welfare and economics, and although vaccines have been very successful in combating these diseases, new... (Review)
Review
Viral infections of poultry can be catastrophic in terms of both welfare and economics, and although vaccines have been very successful in combating these diseases, new forms of viruses have evolved which present increasing difficulties for vaccine control. Differences in genetic susceptibility are known to exist for many of the major viral pathogens of poultry. Consequently, an increase in the level of genetic resistance provides a possible means of enhancing protection of flocks. This is particularly feasible where specific resistance genes have been identified, as in the case of avian leukosis and Marek's disease, and the development of genetic maps of the chicken has offered new possibilities for the identification of further resistance genes. It has also become clear that there are genetic differences in the response to live attenuated vaccine viruses, and new possibilities exist to manipulate the genetics of host flocks so that the effect of vaccination can be optimised.
Topics: Animals; Avian Leukosis; Birnaviridae Infections; Coronavirus Infections; Immunity, Innate; Infectious bronchitis virus; Infectious bursal disease virus; Marek Disease; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 9638814
DOI: 10.20506/rst.17.1.1082