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Studies in Mycology Mar 2019The family (, ) includes numerous plant pathogenic genera and soil-borne fungal species. Ten genera are currently accepted, including several taxa that occupy an...
The family (, ) includes numerous plant pathogenic genera and soil-borne fungal species. Ten genera are currently accepted, including several taxa that occupy an unresolved position within the family. To address this issue, a multilocus sequence analysis was carried out using partial gene sequences from the 28S large subunit nrRNA gene (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nrDNA region, including the 5.8S nrRNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), tryptophan synthase (), actin () and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (), based on a large set of isolates mainly from the CBS collection. Results of the molecular data combined with a detailed morphological study resolved 22 genera in the family, of which 12 are newly described. Additionally, 15 new species and 10 new combinations are proposed. An epitype and neotype are also introduced for and , respectively.
PubMed: 30518989
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.005 -
Studies in Mycology Jun 2023is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are...
is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that is highly polyphyletic and members of belong to at least three distinct orders of , of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, ) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, , ) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in and , mainly in the families , and and five new hypocrealean families, namely , , , and . Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of grouped in genera of , including the type . . A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for , in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, and are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in . L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. : L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, K. Fletcher, F.C. Küpper & P. van West, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lechat & J. Fourn., L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai, Rämä & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Trichothecium hongkongense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Tad. Ito .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Negroni) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Sigler ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Pers.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Summerb. ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams & Lodha) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Thirum. & Sukapure) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (C.A. Jørg.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Lechat & Gardiennet) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (R.F. Castañeda) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Sawada) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Jaap) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Samuels)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (J.F. Li .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Fuckel) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Matr.)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Gams & Sivasith.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams & Veenb.-Rijks) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (A. Giraldo ) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Petch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams & J. Lacey) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; : (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (K.L. Pang .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams .) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; (C.H. Dickinson) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, (G. Sm.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. J.C. Schmidt ex Fr. Matr. Hou LW, Giraldo A, Groenewald JZ, Rämä T, Summerbell RC, Zang P, Cai L, Crous PW (2023). Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in . : 23-203. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023.105.02.
PubMed: 38895703
DOI: 10.3114/sim.2023.105.02 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2022Antibiotics are antibacterial compounds that interfere with bacterial growth, without harming the infected eukaryotic host. Among the clinical agents, beta-lactams play... (Review)
Review
Antibiotics are antibacterial compounds that interfere with bacterial growth, without harming the infected eukaryotic host. Among the clinical agents, beta-lactams play a major role in treating infected humans and animals. However, the ever-increasing antibiotic resistance crisis is forcing the pharmaceutical industry to search for new antibacterial drugs to combat a range of current and potential multi-resistant bacterial pathogens. In this review, we provide an overview of the development, innovation, and current status of therapeutic applications for beta-lactams with a focus on semi-synthetic cephalosporins. Cephalosporin C (CPC), which is a natural secondary metabolite from the filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum, plays a major and demanding role in both producing modern antibiotics and developing new ones. CPC serves as a core compound for producing semi-synthetic cephalosporins that can control infections with different resistance mechanisms. We therefore summarize our latest knowledge about the CPC biosynthetic pathway and its regulation in the fungal host. Finally, we describe how CPC serves as a key lead generation source for the in vitro and better, in vivo synthesis of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), the major core compound for the pharmaceutical synthesis of current and future semi-synthetic cephalosporins. KEY POINTS: • Latest literature on cephalosporin generations • Biotechnical production of cephalosporins • In vivo production of 7-ACA.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Monobactams; Cephalosporins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Industry
PubMed: 36401643
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12272-8 -
Fungal Systematics and Evolution Jun 2023Three new genera, six new species, three combinations, six epitypes, and 25 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera:...
Three new genera, six new species, three combinations, six epitypes, and 25 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: (based on ), and (based on ). New species: (from cooling pad water, USA, (on dead wood of sp., Netherlands), (on lichen on brick wall, Netherlands), (on moss growing on a wall, Netherlands), (from rockwool, USA), and (from hydroponic water, USA). New combinations: (based on ), (based on ), and (based on ). Epitypes: (from water, USA), (on leaves of , Netherlands), (on , parasitic on , Germany), (on needles of , Canada), (on twigs of , Ukraine), and (on decayed branch, Netherlands). Furthermore, the higher order phylogeny of three genera regarded as is resolved, namely (), (, ), and (, ), with being an older name for Crous PW, Akulov A, Balashov S, Boers J, Braun U, Castillo J, Delgado MA, Denman S, Erhard A, Gusella G, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Malloch DW, Osieck ER, Polizzi G, Schumacher RK, Slootweg E, Starink-Willemse M, van Iperen AL, Verkley GJM, Groenewald JZ (2023). New and Interesting Fungi. 6. : 109-156. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.09.
PubMed: 38545457
DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.09 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Sorbicillinoids are a family of hexaketide metabolites with a characteristic sorbyl side chain residue. Sixty-nine sorbicillinoids from fungi, newly identified from 2016... (Review)
Review
Sorbicillinoids are a family of hexaketide metabolites with a characteristic sorbyl side chain residue. Sixty-nine sorbicillinoids from fungi, newly identified from 2016 to 2021, are summarized in this review, including their structures and bioactivities. They are classified into monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and hybrid sorbicillinoids according to their basic structural features, with the main groups comprising both monomeric and dimeric sorbicillinoids. Some of the identified sorbicillinoids have special structures such as ustilobisorbicillinol A, and sorbicillasins A and B. The majority of sorbicillinoids have been reported from fungi genera such as , , , and , with some sorbicillinoids exhibiting cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, phytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In recent years, marine-derived, extremophilic, plant endophytic, and phytopathogenic fungi have emerged as important resources for diverse sorbicillinoids with unique skeletons. The recently revealed biological activities of sorbicillinoids discovered before 2016 are also described in this review.
PubMed: 35050002
DOI: 10.3390/jof8010062 -
Marine Drugs Jul 2022Anthraquinones are an interesting chemical class of polyketides since they not only exhibit a myriad of biological activities but also contribute to managing ecological... (Review)
Review
Anthraquinones are an interesting chemical class of polyketides since they not only exhibit a myriad of biological activities but also contribute to managing ecological roles. In this review article, we provide a current knowledge on the anthraquinoids reported from marine-derived fungi, isolated from various resources in both shallow waters such as mangrove plants and sediments of the mangrove habitat, coral reef, algae, sponges, and deep sea. This review also tentatively categorizes anthraquinone metabolites from the simplest to the most complicated scaffolds such as conjugated xanthone-anthraquinone derivatives and bianthraquinones, which have been isolated from marine-derived fungi especially from the genera , , , , , , , , and other fungal strains. The present review, covering a range from 2000 to 2021, was elaborated through a comprehensive literature search using the following databases: ACS publications, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Springer, and Thieme. Thereupon, we have summarized and categorized 296 anthraquinones and their derivatives, some of which showed a variety of biological properties such as enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitubercular (against ), cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antifouling, and antioxidant activities. In addition, proposed biogenetic pathways of some anthraquinone derivatives are also discussed.
Topics: Anthraquinones; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Fungi; Penicillium; Polyketides
PubMed: 35892942
DOI: 10.3390/md20080474 -
Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Fungal Cyclic Peptides, Excluding Cyclodipeptides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2017Cyclic peptides are cyclic compounds formed mainly by the amide bonds between either proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic amino acids. This review highlights the... (Review)
Review
Cyclic peptides are cyclic compounds formed mainly by the amide bonds between either proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic amino acids. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of fungal cyclic peptides (excluding cyclodipeptides, and peptides containing ester bonds in the core ring) reported until August 2017. About 293 cyclic peptides belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and octadecapeptides as well as cyclic peptides containing ether bonds in the core ring have been isolated from fungi. They were mainly isolated from the genera , , , and . Some of them were screened to have antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, nematicidal, immunosuppressive and enzyme-inhibitory activities to show their potential applications. Some fungal cyclic peptides such as the echinocandins, pneumocandins and cyclosporin A have been developed as pharmaceuticals.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Dipeptides; Drug Discovery; Fungal Proteins; Fungi; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Insecticides; Peptides, Cyclic; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29186926
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122069 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2023Mycetoma is one of the six Neglected Tropical Diseases that are prevalent in Turkana County (northwest Kenya). The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of...
Mycetoma is one of the six Neglected Tropical Diseases that are prevalent in Turkana County (northwest Kenya). The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of mycetoma in the county, as well as to describe the main causative agents involved in the disease using methods affordable locally. Based on the data collected by the team of cooperative medicine Cirugia en Turkana (Surgery in Turkana), a specific study for mycetoma was started during the 16th humanitarian medicine campaign in February 2019. Patients with suspected mycetoma were studied at the Lodwar County Referral Hospital (LCRH). After informing the patient and getting their consent, the lesions were examined and sampled (mainly by biopsy) and clinical data were recorded. Samples were washed in sterile saline solution and cut in fragments. Some of these were inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, Malt Extract Agar, and diluted Nutrient Agar plates. One fragment of each sample was used for DNA extraction. The DNA and the rest of the fragments of samples were kept at -20°C. All cultures were incubated at room temperature at the LCRH laboratory. The DNA obtained from clinical samples was submitted to PCR amplification of the ITS-5.8S and the V4-V5 16S rRNA gene region, for the detection and identification of fungi and bacteria respectively. From February 2019 till February 2022, 60 patients were studied. Most of them were men (43, 74,1%) between 13 and 78 y.o. (mean age 37). Half of the patients were herdsmen but, among women 40% (6) were housewives and 26.7% (4) charcoal burners. Lesions were mainly located at the feet (87.9%) and most of the patients (54; 93.1%) reported discharge of grains in the exudate, being 27 (46.6%) yellow or pale colored and 19 (32.8%) of them dark grains. Culture of clinical samples yielded 35 fungal and bacterial putative causative agents. Culture and molecular methods allowed the identification of a total of 21 causative agents of mycetoma (39.6% of cases studied). Most of them (17) corresponded to fungi causing eumycetoma (80.9%) being the most prevalent the genus Madurella (7; 41.2%), with two species involved (M. mycetomatis and M. fahalii), followed by Aspergillus (2; 11.8%). Other minority genera detected were Cladosporium, Fusarium, Acremonium, Penicillium, and Trichophyton (5.9% each of them). Actinobacteria were detected in 19.1% of samples, but only Streptomyces somaliensis was identified as a known agent of mycetoma, the rest being actinobacteria not previously described as causative agents of the disease, such as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans detected in two of the patients. Although Kenya is geographically located in the mycetoma belt, to our knowledge this is the first report on mycetoma in this country from 1973, and the first one for Turkana County.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adult; Mycetoma; Kenya; Agar; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Madurella
PubMed: 37578968
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011327 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2023Marine natural products are well-recognized as potential resources to fill the pipeline of drug leads to enter the pharmaceutical industry. In this circumstance,... (Review)
Review
Marine natural products are well-recognized as potential resources to fill the pipeline of drug leads to enter the pharmaceutical industry. In this circumstance, marine-derived fungi are one of the unique sources of bioactive secondary metabolites due to their capacity to produce diverse polyketides and peptides with unique structures and diverse biological activities. The present review covers the peptides from marine-derived fungi reported from the literature published from January 1991 to June 2023, and various scientific databases, including Elsevier, ACS publications, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Springer, Thieme, Bentham, ProQuest, and the Marine Pharmacology website, are used for a literature search. This review focuses on chemical characteristics, sources, and biological and pharmacological activities of 366 marine fungal peptides belonging to various classes, such as linear, cyclic, and depsipeptides. Among 30 marine-derived fungal genera, isolated from marine macro-organisms such as marine algae, sponges, coral, and mangrove plants, as well as deep sea sediments, species of were found to produce the highest number of peptides (174 peptides), followed by (23 peptides), (22 peptides), (18 peptides), (18 peptides), (17 peptides), and (12 peptides). The cytotoxic activity against a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines was the predominant biological activity of the reported marine peptides (32%), whereas antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and various enzyme inhibition activities ranged from 7% to 20%. In the first part of this review, the chemistry of marine peptides is discussed and followed by their biological activity.
Topics: Humans; Aspergillus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Peptides; Biological Products; Aquatic Organisms; Fungi
PubMed: 37888445
DOI: 10.3390/md21100510