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Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Jun 2015Theoretical aspects of the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay based on the use of the firefly luciferin-luciferase system are considered, as well as its... (Review)
Review
Theoretical aspects of the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay based on the use of the firefly luciferin-luciferase system are considered, as well as its application for assessing cell viability in microbiology, sanitation, medicine, and ecology. Various approaches for the analysis of individual or mixed cultures of microorganisms are presented, and capabilities of the method for investigation of biological processes in live cells including necrosis, apoptosis, as well as for investigation of the dynamics of metabolism are described.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bacteria; Cell Survival; Firefly Luciferin; Luciferases, Firefly; Luminescent Measurements; Plant Cells
PubMed: 26531016
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297915060061 -
The American Journal of Cardiology Aug 2022Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have few pharmacologic therapies, and it is not known if supplementing with ubiquinol and/or... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have few pharmacologic therapies, and it is not known if supplementing with ubiquinol and/or d-ribose could improve outcomes. The overall objective of this study was to determine if ubiquinol and/or d-ribose would reduce the symptoms and improve cardiac performance in patients with HFpEF. This was a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 216 patients with HFpEF who were ≥ 50 years old with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50%. A total of 4 study groups received various supplements over 12 weeks: Group 1 received placebo ubiquinol capsules and d-ribose powder, Group 2 received ubiquinol capsules (600 mg/d) and placebo d-ribose powder, Group 3 received placebo ubiquinol capsules with d-ribose powder (15 g/d), and Group 4 received ubiquinol capsules and d-ribose powder. There were 7 outcome measures for this study: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) clinical summary score, level of vigor using a subscale from the Profile of Mood States, EF, the ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (septal E/e' ratio), B-type natriuretic peptides, lactate/adenosine triphosphate ratio, and the 6-minute walk test. Treatment with ubiquinol and/or d-ribose significantly improved the KCCQ clinical summary score (17.30 to 25.82 points), vigor score (7.65 to 8.15 points), and EF (7.08% to 8.03%) and reduced B-type natriuretic peptides (-72.02 to -47.51) and lactate/adenosine triphosphate ratio (-4.32 to -3.35 × 10). There were no significant increases in the septal E/e' or the 6-minute walk test. In conclusion, ubiquinol and d-ribose reduced the symptoms of HFpEF and increased the EF. These findings support the use of these supplements in addition to standard therapeutic treatments for patients with HFpEF.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Capsules; Exercise Tolerance; Heart Failure; Humans; Lactates; Middle Aged; Powders; Ribose; Stroke Volume; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 35644694
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.031 -
ACS Synthetic Biology Aug 2022Engineering synthetic cells has a broad appeal, from understanding living cells to designing novel biomaterials for therapeutics, biosensing, and hybrid interfaces. A...
Engineering synthetic cells has a broad appeal, from understanding living cells to designing novel biomaterials for therapeutics, biosensing, and hybrid interfaces. A key prerequisite to creating synthetic cells is a three-dimensional container capable of orchestrating biochemical reactions. In this study, we present an easy and effective technique to make cell-sized porous containers, coined actinosomes, using the interactions between biomolecular condensates and the actin cytoskeleton. This approach uses polypeptide/nucleoside triphosphate condensates and localizes actin monomers on their surface. By triggering actin polymerization and using osmotic gradients, the condensates are transformed into containers, with the boundary made up of actin filaments and polylysine polymers. We show that the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-to-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio is a crucial parameter for forming actinosomes: insufficient ATP prevents condensate dissolution, while excess ATP leads to undesired crumpling. Permeability studies reveal the porous surface of actinosomes, allowing small molecules to pass through while restricting bigger macromolecules within the interior. We show the functionality of actinosomes as bioreactors by carrying out protein translation within them. Actinosomes are a handy addition to the synthetic cell platform, with appealing properties like ease of production, inherent encapsulation capacity, and a potentially active surface to trigger signaling cascades and form multicellular assemblies, conceivably useful for biotechnological applications.
Topics: Actins; Adenosine Triphosphate; Artificial Cells; Nucleotides; Polymers
PubMed: 35948429
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00290 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2016There is long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling involving cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and death in the development and regeneration of most systems... (Review)
Review
There is long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling involving cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and death in the development and regeneration of most systems of the body, in addition to fast purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion. It is not always easy to distinguish between short- and long-term signalling. For example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can sometimes act as a short-term trigger for long-term trophic events that become evident days or even weeks after the original challenge. Examples of short-term purinergic signalling during sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric neuromuscular transmission and in synaptic transmission in ganglia and in the central nervous system are described, as well as in neuromodulation and secretion. Long-term trophic signalling is described in the immune/defence system, stratified epithelia in visceral organs and skin, embryological development, bone formation and resorption and in cancer. It is likely that the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in response to both P2X and P2Y purinoceptor activation participates in many short- and long-term physiological effects.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Central Nervous System; Ganglia; Signal Transduction; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 27377731
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0422 -
Aging Jun 2019
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Autophagy; Esters; Humans; Ketoglutaric Acids
PubMed: 31186380
DOI: 10.18632/aging.102028 -
Cells Nov 2020Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression... (Review)
Review
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. ATP can be released from cells via both specific and nonspecific pathways. A non-regulated release occurs from dying and damaged cells, whereas active release involves exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and membrane channels (connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 (PANX1), calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and maxi-anion channels (MACs)). Extracellular ATP acts at P2 purinergic receptors, among which P2X7R is a key mediator of the final ATP-dependent biological effects. Over the years, P2 receptor- or ecto-nucleotidase-targeting for cancer therapy has been proposed and actively investigated, while comparatively fewer studies have explored the suitability of TME ATP as a target. In this review, we briefly summarize the available evidence suggesting that TME ATP has a central role in determining tumor fate and is, therefore, a suitable target for cancer therapy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Humans; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33212982
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112496 -
Cells Dec 2022Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an oxygen-dependent process that consumes catabolized nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to drive energy-dependent... (Review)
Review
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an oxygen-dependent process that consumes catabolized nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to drive energy-dependent biological processes such as excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. In addition to in vivo and in vitro experiments, in silico models are valuable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of OXPHOS and predicting its consequences in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we compare several prominent kinetic models of OXPHOS in cardiomyocytes. We examine how their mathematical expressions were derived, how their parameters were obtained, the conditions of their experimental counterparts, and the predictions they generated. We aim to explore the general landscape of energy production mechanisms in cardiomyocytes for future in silico models.
Topics: Oxidative Phosphorylation; Myocytes, Cardiac; Mitochondria; Adenosine Triphosphate; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 36552784
DOI: 10.3390/cells11244020 -
Plant Physiology Apr 2020Plants use specific receptor proteins on the cell surface to detect hostderived danger signals released in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate... (Review)
Review
Plants use specific receptor proteins on the cell surface to detect hostderived danger signals released in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate immune responses against them
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alarmins; Models, Biological; Plants; Receptors, Cell Surface
PubMed: 31907298
DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01242 -
Bioscience Reports Nov 2015Pseudokinases are classified by the lack of one or several of the highly conserved motifs involved in nucleotide (nt) binding or catalytic activity of protein kinases... (Review)
Review
Pseudokinases are classified by the lack of one or several of the highly conserved motifs involved in nucleotide (nt) binding or catalytic activity of protein kinases (PKs). Pseudokinases represent ∼10% of the human kinome and they are found in all evolutionary classes of kinases. It has become evident that pseudokinases, which were initially considered somewhat peculiar dead kinases, are important components in several signalling cascades. Furthermore, several pseudokinases have been linked to human diseases, particularly cancer, which is raising interest for therapeutic approaches towards these proteins. The ATP-binding pocket is a well-established drug target and elucidation of the mechanism and properties of nt binding in pseudokinases is of significant interest and importance. Recent studies have demonstrated that members of the pseudokinase family are very diverse in structure as well as in their ability and mechanism to bind nts or perform phosphoryl transfer reactions. This diversity also precludes prediction of pseudokinase function, or the importance of nt binding for said function, based on primary sequence alone. Currently available data indicate that ∼40% of pseudokinases are able to bind nts, whereas only few are able to catalyse occasional phosphoryl transfer. Pseudokinases employ diverse mechanisms to bind nts, which usually occurs at low, but physiological, affinity. ATP binding serves often a structural role but in most cases the functional roles are not precisely known. In the present review, we discuss the various mechanisms that pseudokinases employ for nt binding and how this often low-affinity binding can be accurately analysed.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Binding Sites; Humans; Phosphotransferases; Protein Structure, Tertiary
PubMed: 26589967
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20150226 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Mar 2015This report describes a membrane barrier whose permeability is modulated through the recognition of a small-molecule target, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by a...
This report describes a membrane barrier whose permeability is modulated through the recognition of a small-molecule target, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by a DNA-aptamer. The gating function of the DNA-aptamer in the stimulus-responsive membrane was shown to be specific, concentration dependent, and reversible.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Particle Size; Permeability; Surface Properties
PubMed: 25633657
DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09660f