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Purinergic Signalling Sep 2012Since 1929, when it was discovered that ATP is a substrate for muscle contraction, the knowledge about this purine nucleotide has been greatly expanded. Many aspects of... (Review)
Review
Since 1929, when it was discovered that ATP is a substrate for muscle contraction, the knowledge about this purine nucleotide has been greatly expanded. Many aspects of cell metabolism revolve around ATP production and consumption. It is important to understand the concepts of glucose and oxygen consumption in aerobic and anaerobic life and to link bioenergetics with the vast amount of reactions occurring within cells. ATP is universally seen as the energy exchange factor that connects anabolism and catabolism but also fuels processes such as motile contraction, phosphorylations, and active transport. It is also a signalling molecule in the purinergic signalling mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss all the main mechanisms of ATP production linked to ADP phosphorylation as well the regulation of these mechanisms during stress conditions and in connection with calcium signalling events. Recent advances regarding ATP storage and its special significance for purinergic signalling will also be reviewed.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Environment; Humans; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 22528680
DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9305-8 -
The Biological Bulletin Aug 2016Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal mediator of metabolism and signaling across unicellular and multicellular species. There is a fundamental interdependence... (Review)
Review
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal mediator of metabolism and signaling across unicellular and multicellular species. There is a fundamental interdependence between the dynamics of ATP and the physiology that occurs inside and outside the cell. Characterizing and understanding ATP dynamics provide valuable mechanistic insight into processes that range from neurotransmission to the chemotaxis of immune cells. Therefore, we require the methodology to interrogate both temporal and spatial components of ATP dynamics from the subcellular to the organismal levels in live specimens. Over the last several decades, a number of molecular probes that are specific to ATP have been developed. These probes have been combined with imaging approaches, particularly optical microscopy, to enable qualitative and quantitative detection of this critical molecule. In this review, we survey current examples of technologies available for visualizing ATP in living cells, and identify areas where new tools and approaches are needed to expand our capabilities.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Microscopy; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probes; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 27638696
DOI: 10.1086/689592 -
Theranostics 2016Nucleic acids are among the most researched and applied biomolecules. Their diverse two- and three-dimensional structures in conjunction with their robust chemistry and... (Review)
Review
Nucleic acids are among the most researched and applied biomolecules. Their diverse two- and three-dimensional structures in conjunction with their robust chemistry and ease of manipulation provide a rare opportunity for sensor applications. Moreover, their high biocompatibility has seen them being used in the construction of in vivo assays. Various nucleic acid-based devices have been extensively studied as either the principal element in discrete molecule-like sensors or as the main component in the fabrication of sensing devices. The use of aptamers in sensors - aptasensors, in particular, has led to improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplexing capacity for a wide verity of analytes like proteins, nucleic acids, as well as small biomolecules such as glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This article reviews the progress in the use of aptamers as the principal component in sensors for optical detection of ATP with an emphasis on sensing mechanism, performance, and applications with some discussion on challenges and perspectives.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry
PubMed: 27446501
DOI: 10.7150/thno.15850 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jul 2020Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by a mutant biotype of the feline enteric coronavirus. The resulting FIP virus (FIPV) commonly causes central nervous...
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by a mutant biotype of the feline enteric coronavirus. The resulting FIP virus (FIPV) commonly causes central nervous system (CNS) and ocular pathology in cases of noneffusive disease. Over 95% of cats with FIP will succumb to disease in days to months after diagnosis despite a variety of historically used treatments. Recently developed antiviral drugs have shown promise in treatment of nonneurological FIP, but data from neurological FIP cases are limited. Four cases of naturally occurring FIP with CNS involvement were treated with the antiviral nucleoside analogue GS-441524 (5-10 mg/kg) for at least 12 weeks. Cats were monitored serially with physical, neurologic, and ophthalmic examinations. One cat had serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis (including feline coronavirus [FCoV]) titers and FCoV reverse transcriptase [RT]-PCR) and serial ocular imaging using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). All cats had a positive response to treatment. Three cats are alive off treatment (528, 516, and 354 days after treatment initiation) with normal physical and neurologic examinations. One cat was euthanized 216 days after treatment initiation following relapses after primary and secondary treatment. In 1 case, resolution of disease was defined based on normalization of MRI and CSF findings and resolution of cranial and caudal segment disease with ocular imaging. Treatment with GS-441524 shows clinical efficacy and may result in clearance and long-term resolution of neurological FIP. Dosages required for CNS disease may be higher than those used for nonneurological FIP.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cats; Feline Infectious Peritonitis; Female; Male
PubMed: 32441826
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15780 -
Purinergic Signalling Sep 2021Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in physiological processes and pathological conditions. Over the past decades, conventional pharmacological, biochemical, and... (Review)
Review
Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in physiological processes and pathological conditions. Over the past decades, conventional pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques have been utilized to investigate purinergic signaling cascades. However, none of them is capable of spatially and temporally manipulating purinergic signaling cascades. Currently, optical approaches, including optopharmacology and optogenetic, enable controlling purinergic signaling with low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. In this mini-review, we discuss optical approaches for controlling purinergic signaling and their applications in basic and translational science.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Humans; Optogenetics; Photolysis; Receptors, Purinergic; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34156578
DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09799-2 -
Chemical Reviews Jun 2020Nitrogenase is the only enzyme capable of reducing N to NH. This challenging reaction requires the coordinated transfer of multiple electrons from the reductase,... (Review)
Review
Nitrogenase is the only enzyme capable of reducing N to NH. This challenging reaction requires the coordinated transfer of multiple electrons from the reductase, Fe-protein, to the catalytic component, MoFe-protein, in an ATP-dependent fashion. In the last two decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how nitrogenase orchestrates electron transfer (ET) from the Fe-protein to the catalytic site of MoFe-protein and how energy from ATP hydrolysis transduces the ET processes. In this review, we summarize these advances, with focus on the structural and thermodynamic redox properties of nitrogenase component proteins and their complexes, as well as on new insights regarding the mechanism of ET reactions during catalysis and how they are coupled to ATP hydrolysis. We also discuss recently developed chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods for uncoupling substrate reduction from ATP hydrolysis, which may provide new avenues for studying the catalytic mechanism of nitrogenase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Biocatalysis; Electrochemical Techniques; Electron Transport; Hydrolysis; Models, Molecular; Nitrogenase; Photochemical Processes
PubMed: 31999100
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00663 -
Biological Chemistry Nov 2020A main function of bacterial metabolism is to supply biomass building blocks and energy for growth. This seems to imply that metabolism is idle in non-growing bacteria.... (Review)
Review
A main function of bacterial metabolism is to supply biomass building blocks and energy for growth. This seems to imply that metabolism is idle in non-growing bacteria. But how relevant is metabolism for the physiology of non-growing bacteria and how active is their metabolism? Here, we reviewed literature describing metabolism of non-growing bacteria in their natural environment, as well as in biotechnological and medical applications. We found that metabolism does play an important role during dormancy and that especially the demand for ATP determines metabolic activity of non-growing bacteria.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacteria; Biotechnology
PubMed: 32845858
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0201 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Since its inception by the late Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s [...].
Since its inception by the late Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s [...].
Topics: Receptors, Purinergic; Signal Transduction; Biological Phenomena; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 37298149
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119196 -
Cells Nov 2020Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression... (Review)
Review
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. ATP can be released from cells via both specific and nonspecific pathways. A non-regulated release occurs from dying and damaged cells, whereas active release involves exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and membrane channels (connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 (PANX1), calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and maxi-anion channels (MACs)). Extracellular ATP acts at P2 purinergic receptors, among which P2X7R is a key mediator of the final ATP-dependent biological effects. Over the years, P2 receptor- or ecto-nucleotidase-targeting for cancer therapy has been proposed and actively investigated, while comparatively fewer studies have explored the suitability of TME ATP as a target. In this review, we briefly summarize the available evidence suggesting that TME ATP has a central role in determining tumor fate and is, therefore, a suitable target for cancer therapy.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Humans; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33212982
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112496 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Jun 2015Theoretical aspects of the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay based on the use of the firefly luciferin-luciferase system are considered, as well as its... (Review)
Review
Theoretical aspects of the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay based on the use of the firefly luciferin-luciferase system are considered, as well as its application for assessing cell viability in microbiology, sanitation, medicine, and ecology. Various approaches for the analysis of individual or mixed cultures of microorganisms are presented, and capabilities of the method for investigation of biological processes in live cells including necrosis, apoptosis, as well as for investigation of the dynamics of metabolism are described.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bacteria; Cell Survival; Firefly Luciferin; Luciferases, Firefly; Luminescent Measurements; Plant Cells
PubMed: 26531016
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297915060061