-
ELife Nov 2018bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host.
bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30398150
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42676 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2021spp. are generally found in aquatic environments, although they have also been isolated from both fresh and processed food. These Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria are... (Review)
Review
spp. are generally found in aquatic environments, although they have also been isolated from both fresh and processed food. These Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria are mostly infective to poikilothermic animals, although they are also considered opportunistic pathogens of both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms, and some species have been associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal septicemic infections in humans. Among the different pathogenic factors associated with virulence, several cell-surface glucans have been shown to contribute to colonization and survival of pathogenic strains, in different hosts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule and α-glucan structures, for instance, have been shown to play important roles in bacterial-host interactions related to pathogenesis, such as adherence, biofilm formation, or immune evasion. In addition, glycosylation of both polar and lateral flagella has been shown to be mandatory for flagella production and motility in different strains, and has also been associated with increased bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and induction of the host proinflammatory response. The main aspects of these structures are covered in this review.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Bacterial Adhesion; Glucans; Humans
PubMed: 34822520
DOI: 10.3390/md19110649 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021The increase in the use of antimicrobials such as colistin for the treatment of infectious diseases has led to the appearance of strains resistant to this drug.... (Review)
Review
The increase in the use of antimicrobials such as colistin for the treatment of infectious diseases has led to the appearance of strains resistant to this drug. However, resistance to colistin not only occurs in the clinical area but has also been determined in isolates from the environment or animals, which has been determined by the detection of genes that confer a resistance mechanism to colistin. The variants , , and have been detected in the genus in animal, environmental, and human fluids samples. In this article, an overview of the resistance to colistin in is shown, as well as the generalities of this molecule and the recommended methods to determine colistin resistance to be used in some of the genus .
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Plasmids
PubMed: 34205867
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115974 -
Virulence 2015
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Deoxyribonucleases; Female; Fishes; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 26055576
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1058479 -
Microbial Pathogenesis May 2019The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally... (Review)
Review
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally in diverse aquatic ecosystems, where they are easily isolated from animals such as fish and crustaceans. A capacity for adaptation also makes Aeromonas able to colonize terrestrial environments and their inhabitants, so these microorganisms can be identified from different sources, such as soils, plants, fruits, vegetables, birds, reptiles, amphibians, among others. Infectious processes usually develop in immunocompromised humans; in fish and other marine animals this process occurs under conditions of stress. Such events are most often associated with incorrect practices in aquaculture. Aeromonas has element diverse ranges, denominated virulence factors, which promote adhesion, colonization and invasion into host cells. These virulence factors, such as membrane components, enzymes and toxins, for example, are differentially expressed among species, making some strains more virulent than others. Due to their diversity, no single virulence factor was considered determinant in the infectious process generated by these microorganisms. Unlike other genera, Aeromonas species are erroneously differentiated by conventional biochemical tests. Therefore, molecular assays are necessary for this purpose. Nevertheless, new means of identification have been considered in order to generate methods that, like molecular tests, can correctly identify these microorganisms. The main objectives of this review are to explain environmental and structural characteristics of the Aeromonas genus and to discuss virulence mechanisms that these bacteria use to infect aquatic organisms and humans, which are important aspects for aquaculture and public health, respectively. In addition, this review aims to clarify new tests for the precise identification of the species of Aeromonas, contributing to the exact and specific diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms and consequently the treatment.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animal Diseases; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Environmental Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plant Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30849490
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.036 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jun 2021
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Bacteriophage lambda; Biological Evolution; Cell Membrane; Editorial Policies; Escherichia coli; Fish Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 34100696
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001069 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jan 2023Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in surface water, sewage, untreated and chlorinated, drinking water, as well as meats, fish, shellfish, poultry, and their products. A disease caused by Aeromonas spp. is designated as aeromoniasis. It can affect different aquatic animals, mammals, and birds in different geographic regions. Moreover, gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal disease conditions may be provoked in humans as a result of food poising with Aeromonas spp. Some Aeromonas spp. have been identified, however, Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), A. caviae, and A. veronii bv sobria may be of public health significance. Aeromonas spp. are members of family Aeromonadaceae and genus Aeromonas. They are Gram-negative rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, and oxidase and catalase-positive bacteria. The pathogenicity of Aeromonas in different hosts is mediated by several virulence factors such as endotoxins, cytotoxic enterotoxin, cytotoxins, hemolysins, adhesins, and extracellular enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, ADP-ribosyltransferases, and DNases. Most avian species are susceptible to either natural or experimental infections with Aeromonas spp. Infection usually arises through feacal-oral route. Traveler's diarrhea as well as other systemic and local infections are the clinical picture of food poisoning associated with aeromoniasis in humans. Despite Aeromonas spp. being sensitive to various antimicrobials, multiple drug resistance has been commonly reported worldwide. Accordingly, this review highlights aeromoniasis in poultry regarding Aeromonas virulence factors epidemiology, pathogenicity, zoonosis, and antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diarrhea; Poultry; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Travel; Bacterial Infections; Aeromonas; Virulence Factors; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Mammals
PubMed: 36795920
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17186 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Jun 2018Aeromonads have been isolated from varied environmental sources such as polluted and drinking water, as well as from tissues and body fluids of cold and warm-blooded... (Review)
Review
Aeromonads have been isolated from varied environmental sources such as polluted and drinking water, as well as from tissues and body fluids of cold and warm-blooded animals. A phenotypically and genotypically heterogenous bacteria, aeromonads can be successfully identified by ribotyping and/or by analysing gyrB gene sequence, apart from classical biochemical characterization. Aeromonads are known to cause scepticemia in aquatic organisms, gastroenteritis and extraintestinal diseases such as scepticemia, skin, eye, wound and respiratory tract infections in humans. Several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes have been identified and isolated from this group, which if present in their mobile genetic elements, may be horizontally transferred to other naive environmental bacteria posing threat to the society. The extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has given rise to many resistant varieties of bacteria. Multidrug resistance genes, such as NDM1, have been identified in this group of bacteria which is of serious health concern. Therefore, it is important to understand how antibiotic resistance develops and spreads in order to undertake preventive measures. It is also necessary to search and map putative virulence genes of Aeromonas for fighting the diseases caused by them. This review encompasses current knowledge of bacteriological, environmental, clinical and virulence aspects of the Aeromonas group and related diseases in humans and other animals of human concern.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gastroenteritis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phylogeny; Sepsis; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 30015452
DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-020 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Jun 2016Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids.... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. This bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. In this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nuanced picture of the importance of the so‑called 'atypical isolates'. We also describe the clinical presentation regarding the infection across several fish species and discuss what is known about the virulence of A. salmonicida and, in particular, the role that the type 3 secretion system might play in suppressing the immune response of its hosts. Finally, isolates have displayed varied levels of antibiotic resistance. Hence, we review a number of solutions that have been developed both to prevent outbreaks and to treat them once they occur, including the application of pre- and probiotic supplements.
Topics: Aeromonas salmonicida; Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Furunculosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 27304870
DOI: 10.3354/dao03006 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Aug 2023Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing public health concerns; therefore, it is imperative to advance our understanding of the factors influencing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing public health concerns; therefore, it is imperative to advance our understanding of the factors influencing AMR from Global and One Health perspectives. To address this, Aeromonas populations were identified using 16S rRNA gene libraries among human, agriculture, aquaculture, drinking water, surface water, and wastewater samples, supporting its use as indicator bacteria to study AMR. A systematic review and meta-analysis was then performed from Global and One Health perspectives, including data from 221 articles describing 15 891 isolates from 57 countries. The interconnectedness of different environments was evident as minimal differences were identified between sectors among 21 different antimicrobials. However, resistance to critically important antibiotics (aztreonam and cefepime) was significantly higher among wastewater populations compared with clinical isolates. Additionally, isolates from untreated wastewater typically exhibited increased AMR compared with those from treated wastewater. Furthermore, aquaculture was associated with increased AMR to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline compared with wild-caught seafood. Using the World Health Organization AWaRe classifications, countries with lower consumption of "Access" compared to "Watch" drugs from 2000 to 2015 demonstrated higher AMR levels. The current analysis revealed negative correlations between AMR and anthropogenic factors, such as environmental performance indices and socioeconomic standing. Environmental health and sanitation were two of the environmental factors most strongly correlated with AMR. The current analysis highlights the negative impacts of "Watch" drug overconsumption, anthropogenic activity, absence of wastewater infrastructure, and aquaculture on AMR, thus stressing the need for proper infrastructure and global regulations to combat this growing problem.
Topics: Humans; Aeromonas; Wastewater; Global Health; One Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37201798
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106848