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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Nov 2023Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from (red sea bass), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two species isolated from the , namely, (AV)...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from (red sea bass), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two species isolated from the , namely, (AV) and (AJ). Three LAB isolates, MU8 (EF_8), MU2 (EFL_2), and MU9 (EFL_9), were found to inhibit both AV and AJ; however, their cell-free supernatant (CFS) did not do so. Interestingly, bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) induced by cocultures of EF_8 with AV exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against both sp. The size of BLS was less than 1.0 kDa; the purified BLS were susceptible to proteinase K digestion, indicating that they are peptides. BLS contained 13 identified peptides derived from as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and -inducing LAB strains have been used to increase bacteriocin yields. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing inducible BLS produced by cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and Gram-negative-inducing strains.
Topics: Enterococcus faecium; Bacteriocins; Aeromonas veronii; Coculture Techniques; Aeromonas; Peptides; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37779478
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04019 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the greatest threats to global health, and species have the potential to spread AR in the aquatic environment. The spread of...
Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the greatest threats to global health, and species have the potential to spread AR in the aquatic environment. The spread of resistance to antibiotics important to human health, such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and carbapenems, is of great concern. We isolated and identified 15 cefotaxime (3GC)- and 51 carbapenem-resistant spp. from untreated hospital and treated municipal wastewater in January 2020. The most common species were (58%), (17%), (11%), and (11%). Almost all isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype and harboured a diverse plasmidome, with the plasmid replicons ColE, IncU, and IncR being the most frequently detected. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene was the plasmid-associated and, for the first time, the , and genes were identified in spp. Among the 3GC-resistant isolates, the and genes were the most prevalent. Of the 10 isolates examined, three were capable of transferring carbapenem resistance to susceptible recipient . Our results suggest that conventionally treated municipal and untreated hospital wastewater is a reservoir for 3GC- and carbapenem-resistant, potentially harmful spp. that can be introduced into aquatic systems and pose a threat to both the environment and public health.
PubMed: 36978380
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030513 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2023The objective of this study was to understand biological characteristics of one bacteria strain named as VPG which was isolated from multiple organs of a dead captive...
The objective of this study was to understand biological characteristics of one bacteria strain named as VPG which was isolated from multiple organs of a dead captive giant panda cub. Here, we use biochemical tests, 16S rRNA and genes for bacterial identification, the disk diffusion method for antibiotic resistance phenotype, smart chip real-time PCR for the antibiotic resistance genotype, multiplex PCR for determination of virulence genes, and the acute toxicity test in mice for testing the pathogenicity of isolates. The isolate was identified as strain based on the biochemical properties and genetic analysis. We found that the strain carried 31 antibiotic resistance genes, revealed antimicrobial resistance phenotypically to several antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, imipenem, and vancomycin, and carried virulence genes including , , , , , , and . The main pathological changes in giant panda were congestion, necrotic lesions and a large number of bacteria in multiple organs. In addition, the LD in Kunming mice infected with strain VGP was 5.14 × 10 CFU/mL by intraperitoneal injection. Infection with strain VGP led to considerable histological lesions such as hemorrhage of internal organs, necrosis of lymphocytes and neurons in Kunming mice. Taken together, these results suggest that infection with strain VGP would be an important causes of death in this giant panda cub.
PubMed: 37685043
DOI: 10.3390/ani13172779 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2019The present study aimed to isolate from fish sold in the markets as well as in sushi and seafood shops and compare their virulence factors and antimicrobial...
The present study aimed to isolate from fish sold in the markets as well as in sushi and seafood shops and compare their virulence factors and antimicrobial characteristics with those of clinical isolates. Among the 128 fish isolates and 47 clinical isolates, , , and were the principal species. isolates carried at least 5 virulence genes, more than other species. The predominant genotype of virulence genes was in both and isolates, in isolates, and in isolates. , , and isolates more often exhibited hemolytic and proteolytic activity and showed greater virulence than isolates in and the C2C12 cell line. However, the link between the genotypes and phenotypes of the studied virulence genes in species was not evident. Among the four major clinical species, nearly all (99.0%) , , and isolates harbored , which encodes a carbapenemase, but only a minority (6.7%, 7/104) were nonsusceptible to carbapenem. Regarding AmpC β-lactamase genes, was exclusively found in isolates, and was found only in isolates, but only 7.6% ( = 6) of the 79 isolates carrying or exhibited a cefotaxime resistance phenotype. In conclusion, fish isolates carry a variety of combinations of virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes and exhibit virulence phenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles similar to those of clinical isolates. species can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals upon exposure to virulent pathogens in the environment, but the characteristics of environmental species remain unclear. Our study showed that several pathogenic species possessing virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance similar to those of isolates causing clinical diseases were present in fish intended for human consumption in Tainan City, Taiwan.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cell Line; Female; Fishes; Genotype; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Prevalence; Seafood; Taiwan; Virulence; Virulence Factors; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31420346
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01360-19 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Small protein B(SmpB) cooperates with transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) for -translation to ensure the quality control of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Furthermore,...
Small protein B(SmpB) cooperates with transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) for -translation to ensure the quality control of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Furthermore, they regulate cell metabolism separately. According to research, SmpB functions as a transcription factor, and tmRNA acts as a small RNA. Purine pathway has been reported to be related to trimethoprim resistance, including hypoxanthine synthesis, adenosine metabolism and guanosine metabolism. Another reason of drug tolerance is the efflux pump of the bacterium. In transcriptomic data, it was shown that the expression of some related enzymes in adenosine metabolism were raised significantly in deletion strain than that of wild type, which led to the differential trimethoprim resistance of (. Furthermore, the metabolic products of adenosine AMP, cAMP, and deoxyadenosine were accumulated significantly. However, the expressions of the enzymes related to hypoxanthine synthesis and guanosine metabolism were elevated significantly in , which eventually caused an augmented metabolic product xanthine. In addition, the deletion of also affected the significant downregulations of efflux pump . The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were overall decreased after the trimethoprim treatment to the wild type, Δ and Δ. And the difference in sensitivity between Δ and Δ was evident. The MIC of Δ was descended significantly than those of wild type and Δ in M9 medium supplemented with 1 mM adenosine, illustrating that the adenosine metabolism pathway was principally influenced by SmpB. Likewise, the strain Δ conferred more sensitivity than wild type and Δ in M9 medium supplemented with 1mM guanosine. By overexpressing /, the tolerance to trimethoprim was partially recovered in Δ. These results revealed that SmpB and tmRNA acted on different branches in purine metabolism, conferring the diverse trimethoprim resistance to . This study suggests that the -translation system might be an effective target in clinical treatment of and other multi-antibiotic resistance bacteria with trimethoprim.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Protein Biosynthesis; Purines; RNA, Bacterial; Trimethoprim Resistance
PubMed: 32547961
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00239 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2021Aeromonas veronii can cause infections in humans and a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals as well as causing serious economic losses in aquaculture...
OBJECTIVES
Aeromonas veronii can cause infections in humans and a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals as well as causing serious economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Aeromonas veronii strain JC529 was isolated from an infected common carp in a fish pond in Jilin Province. In this study, we identified the multidrug resistance genes and traced the source of the strain in order to lay the foundation for research on the resistance mechanisms of other Aeromonas isolates.
METHODS
The isolated strain was sequenced using PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 platforms. Corrected reads were assembled using Celera and Falcon software and genes were predicted using Glimmer software. Seven databases were used for general function annotation. Virulence factors and resistance genes were identified based on the core data set in the VFDB and ARDB databases. Concurrently, 68 publicly available A. veronii genomes (including A. veronii JC529) were compared to reveal the clustering relationship of JC529.
RESULTS
Aeromonas veronii strain JC529 has a circular chromosome of 4 834 659 bp with a GC content of 59.64%, including 4264 protein-coding genes, 2 prophages, 482 virulence factors and 27 antibiotic resistance genes, indicating that strain JC529 is a multidrug-resistant strain. The phylogenetic tree showed that strains JC529 and NS, PDB, AG5.28.6 and VCK1 appear to be inherited from a common ancestor and affect aquaculture in China and Greece.
CONCLUSION
Strain JC529 is a multidrug-resistant A. veronii strain and has been inherited from a common ancestor with Greece.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carps; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34508865
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.007 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of...
We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of among diseased seabass on Agathonisi Island, Greece, in April 2015. The first strain, AG2.13.2, is a potentially pathogenic mesophilic variant of , and the second, AG2.13.5, corresponds to an related to KN-Mc-11N1 with an ANI value of 97.32%. AG2.13.2 lacks the type III secretion system just like other mesophilic strains of . This characteristic has been associated with lower virulence. However, the genome of AG2.13.2 contains other important virulence factors such as type II and type VI secretion systems, and toxins such as , aerolysin /, and different types of hemolysins. The strain also carries several genes associated with antibiotic resistance such as the efflux pump, and exhibits resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and oxolinic acid. In an in vivo challenge test with gilthead seabream larvae, the bv strain AG5.28.6 exhibited the highest virulence among all tested strains. Conversely, both and showed minimal virulence when administered alone. Interestingly, when bv AG5.28.6 was co-administered with , the larvae survival probability increased compared to those exposed to bv AG5.28.6 alone. This finding indicates an antagonistic interaction between bv AG5.28.6 and AG2.13.5. The co-administration of bv AG5.28.6 with did not yield distinct survival probabilities. Our results validate that the primary pathogen responsible for European seabass aeromoniasis is bv .
PubMed: 38003801
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111337 -
BMC Genomics Feb 2022Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped motile bacterium that inhabits mainly freshwater environments. A. veronii is a pathogen of aquatic animals, causing...
BACKGROUND
Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped motile bacterium that inhabits mainly freshwater environments. A. veronii is a pathogen of aquatic animals, causing diseases in fish. A. veronii is also an emerging human enteric pathogen, causing mainly gastroenteritis with various severities and also often being detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Currently, limited information is available on the genomic information of A. veronii strains that cause human gastrointestinal diseases. Here we sequenced, assembled and analysed 25 genomes (one complete genome and 24 draft genomes) of A. veronii strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases using combine sequencing technologies from Illumina and Oxford Nanopore. We also conducted comparative analysis of genomes of 168 global A. veronii strains isolated from different sources.
RESULTS
We found that most of the A. veronii strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases were closely related to each other, and the remaining were closely related to strains from other sources. Nearly 300 putative virulence factors were identified. Aerolysin, microbial collagenase and multiple hemolysins were present in all strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Type III Secretory System (T3SS) in A. veronii was in AVI-1 genomic island identified in this study, most likely acquired via horizontal transfer from other Aeromonas species. T3SS was significantly less present in A. veronii strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases as compared to strains isolated from fish and domestic animals.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides novel information on source of infection and virulence of A. veronii in human gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Animals; Fish Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 35227192
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08402-1 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Our previous studies demonstrated that melatonin could effectively ameliorate sleep deprivation- (SD-) caused oxidative stress-mediated gut microbiota disorder and...
BACKGROUND
Our previous studies demonstrated that melatonin could effectively ameliorate sleep deprivation- (SD-) caused oxidative stress-mediated gut microbiota disorder and colitis. The research further clarified the mechanism of melatonin in improving colitis from the perspective of the interaction between and goblet cells.
METHODS
A seventy-two hours SD mouse model with or without melatonin intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to explore the vital position of -goblet cell interactions in melatonin improving SD-induced colitis. Moreover, or LPS-supplied mice were assessed, and the influence of melatonin on -goblet cell interactions-mediated oxidative stress caused colitis. Furthermore, in vitro experiment investigated the regulation mechanism of melatonin.
RESULTS
Our study showed that SD induced colitis, with upregulation of and LPS levels and reductions in goblet cells number and MUC2 protein. Similarly, FMT from SD mice, veronii colonization, and LPS treatment restored the SD-like goblet cells number and MUC2 protein decrease and colitis. Moreover, LPS treatment downregulated the colonic antioxidant capacity. Yet, melatonin intervention reversed all consequence in SD, veronii colonization, and LPS-treated mice. In vitro, melatonin reversed veronii- or LPS-induced MUC2 depletion in mucus-secreting human HT-29 cells via increasing the expression level of Villin, Tff3, p-GSK-3, -catenin, and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) and decreasing the level of p-IB, p-P65, ROS, TLR4, and MyD88 proteins, while the improvement effect was blocked with pretreatment with a MT2 antagonist but were mimicked by TLR4 and GSK-3 antagonists and ROS scavengers.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrated that melatonin-mediated MT2 inhibits -goblet cell interactions to restore the level of MUC2 production via LPS/TLR4/MyD88/GSK-3/ROS/NF-B loop, further improving colitis in SD mice.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cell Communication; Colitis; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Goblet Cells; Melatonin; Mice; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 35355860
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8133310 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021Aeromonads are aquatic bacteria associated with frequent outbreaks of diarrhea in coastal Bangladesh, but their potential risks from environmental sources have remained...
Aeromonads are aquatic bacteria associated with frequent outbreaks of diarrhea in coastal Bangladesh, but their potential risks from environmental sources have remained largely unexplored. This study, over 2 years, examined homestead pond waters in the region for monthly dynamics and diversity of spp. The bacterial counts showed bi-modal annual growth peak, pre- and post-monsoon, strongly correlating ( < 0.0005) with temperature. Of 200 isolates characterized, bv. sobria (27%) was predominant among co-existent (20%), (17%), (13%), and three more. PCR screening of virulence-related genes identified 15 genotypes (I to XV), however, enterotoxigenicity in animal model was observed for five genotypes, ca. 18% (nine of 50) strains, prevalent in bv. sobria, , and . Pathogenic strains were distinguishable by possessing at least three of the major virulence genes: , and , together with accessory virulence factors. PFGE of I-digested genomic DNA revealed high genetic diversity and distant lineage of potentially toxigenic clones. Therefore, along with increased global warming, spp. having multi-factorial virulence potential in coastal ponds that serve as drinking water sources pose a potential health risk, and underscores the need for routine monitoring.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Bangladesh; Ponds; Virulence; Water
PubMed: 34307285
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.692166