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PloS One 2018Metrics to quantify child growth vary across studies of the developmental origins of health and disease. We conducted a scoping review of child growth studies in which... (Review)
Review
Metrics to quantify child growth vary across studies of the developmental origins of health and disease. We conducted a scoping review of child growth studies in which length/height, weight or body mass index (BMI) was measured at ≥ 2 time points. From a 10% random sample of eligible studies published between Jan 2010-Jun 2016, and all eligible studies from Oct 2015-June 2016, we classified growth metrics based on author-assigned labels (e.g., 'weight gain') and a 'content signature', a numeric code that summarized the metric's conceptual and statistical properties. Heterogeneity was assessed by the number of unique content signatures, and label-to-content concordance. In 122 studies, we found 40 unique metrics of childhood growth. The most common approach to quantifying growth in length, weight or BMI was the calculation of each child's change in z-score. Label-to-content discordance was common due to distinct content signatures carrying the same label, and because of instances in which the same content signature was assigned multiple different labels. In conclusion, the numerous distinct growth metrics and the lack of specificity in the application of metric labels challenge the integration of data and inferences from studies investigating the determinants or consequences of variations in childhood growth.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Epidemiologic Methods; Growth and Development; Humans; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29558499
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194565 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2020Child's growth has been considered an important indicator to evaluate health trends in a population and to devise strategies accordingly. The purpose of the present...
BACKGROUND
Child's growth has been considered an important indicator to evaluate health trends in a population and to devise strategies accordingly. The purpose of the present study was to determine most commonly occurring weight abnormalities among school-going girls from Punjab and to compare with international growth references devised by World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study a sample of 10,050 child and adolescent girls from 12 districts, 35 public/private sector schools, located in rural, semi-urban and urban areas of northern, central and southern Punjab were included. Parameters were measured according to standardised techniques and centile curves obtained by Lambda, Mu, Sigma (LMS) method.
RESULTS
The results showed an increase in weight, height and BMI of the Punjabi girls until 15 years. When compared with international growth references, weight and BMI in our population were significantly lowered; however, height was lower during 12-16 years of age and the differences observed were more pronounced with CDC as compared to WHO. When 3rd, 50th and 90th percentiles of weight, height and BMI in our population were compared with international standards, the values were lower in our paediatric population.
CONCLUSION
The Punjabi schoolgirls significantly differed from CDC and WHO references, and this difference should be taken into consideration for evaluation of growth abnormalities in our paediatric population. However, in the absence of national reference data, WHO standards have been considered more appropriate for comparison.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Pakistan; Pilot Projects; Reference Values; Review Literature as Topic; Schools
PubMed: 32416717
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02135-4 -
BioMed Research International 2021Sedentary lifestyle and work from home schedules due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 have caused a significant rise in obesity across adults. With limited...
BACKGROUND
Sedentary lifestyle and work from home schedules due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 have caused a significant rise in obesity across adults. With limited visits to the doctors during this period to avoid possible infections, there is currently no way to measure or track obesity.
METHODS
We reviewed the literature on relationships between obesity and facial features, in white, black, hispanic-latino, and Korean populations and validated them against a cohort of Indian participants ( = 106). The body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained using anthropometric measurements, and body fat mass (BFM), percentage body fat (PBF), and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured using body composition analysis. Facial pictures were also collected and processed to characterize facial geometry. Regression analysis was conducted to determine correlations between body fat parameters and facial model parameters.
RESULTS
Lower facial geometry was highly correlated with BMI ( = 0.77) followed by PBF ( = 0.72), VFA ( = 0.65), WHR ( = 0.60), BFM ( = 0.59), and weight ( = 0.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The ability to predict obesity using facial images through mobile application or telemedicine can help with early diagnosis and timely medical intervention for people with obesity during the pandemic.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Automated Facial Recognition; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; COVID-19; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Pandemics; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 33778081
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696357 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Dec 2020While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants' self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been...
While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants' self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been investigated for this population. Hence, this study sought to examine the validity of self-reported anthropometric measures among recreational marathon runners. Female ( = 32) and male ( = 135) recreational marathon runners were requested to estimate their body mass and height (and we calculated their body mass index [BMI]), after which we took actual measures of their body mass and height and calculated their actual BMI. Participants' self-reported values underestimated their actual body mass by 0.65 kg ( < .001, η = 0.222) and their actual BMI by 0.35 kg ⋅ m ( < .001, η = 0.245). There was a significant Assessment Method × Sex Interaction for both body mass ( = .019, η = 0.033) and BMI ( = .017, η = 0.034), as women underestimated body mass values more than men. Participants overestimated their height by 0.44 cm ( < .001, η = 0.075), but the interaction of sex and assessment method for height was not statistically significant. Underestimates of body mass correlated with marathon racing speed ( = .24, = .006) and body fat percentage ( = -.29, = .001) in men, but not in women ( > .05). The disagreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric data in the present sample was lower than has been previously reported for the general population, suggesting that marathon runners may more accurately self-perceive and/or report their anthropometric characteristics. These findings are of practical value for health professionals and researchers (e.g., nutritionists and exercise physiologists) questionnaires to recreational marathon runners.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Male; Marathon Running; Middle Aged; Self Concept; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32539530
DOI: 10.1177/0031512520930159 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jan 2017The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that nutritional management of the preterm infant should aim to achieve body composition that replicates the in...
BACKGROUND
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that nutritional management of the preterm infant should aim to achieve body composition that replicates the in utero fetus, but intrauterine body composition reference charts for preterm infants are lacking.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to create body composition reference curves for preterm infants that approximate the body composition of the in utero fetus from 30 to 36 wk of gestation.
DESIGN
A total of 223 ethnically diverse infants born at 30 + 0 to 36 + 6 wk of gestation were enrolled. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified so that the sample would represent healthy appropriately growing fetuses (e.g., singleton, birth weight appropriate for their gestational age, and medically stable). Cross-sectional reference values were generated for fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage body fat (PBF) by gestational age (GA), with the use of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and the lambda-mu-sigma method for percentile estimation.
RESULTS
GA-specific percentile values and a percentile and z score calculator for FFM, FM, and PBF are presented. These values aligned closely with ADP centile values published for term infants from 36 to 38 wk of gestation. The medians were also similar to the mean values for the reference fetus derived from chemical analysis previously.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, these are the first body composition reference charts for total FM and FFM at birth in preterm infants to assist in following AAP guidelines. Future work will test the clinical utility of body composition monitoring for improving nutritional management in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02855814.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Body Fluid Compartments; Body Weights and Measures; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Plethysmography; Premature Birth; Reference Values
PubMed: 27806978
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138248 -
Global Health Action Dec 2020In order to make further gains in preventing newborn deaths, effective interventions are needed. Ultrasounds and newborn anthropometry are proven interventions to...
Implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21 gestational dating and fetal and newborn growth standards in Nairobi, Kenya: women's experiences with ultrasound and newborn assessment.
BACKGROUND
In order to make further gains in preventing newborn deaths, effective interventions are needed. Ultrasounds and newborn anthropometry are proven interventions to identify preterm birth complications, the leading cause of newborn deaths. The INTERGROWTH-21 global gestational dating and fetal and newborn growth standards prescribe optimal growth in any population. Jacaranda Health in Kenya was the first low-resource health facility to implement the standards and evaluate their feasibility and acceptability.
OBJECTIVE
To capture patients' perceptions of ultrasound and newborn care before and during implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21 standards.
METHODS
The study was conducted over two years before and during the introduction of the INTERGROWTH-21 standards. Fifty pregnant and/or newly delivered women were selected for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using convenience and purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted by research assistants using semi-structured guides once in the pre-implementation phase and twice in the implementation phase. Interviews were transcribed, double-coded by two independent researchers and thematically analyzed together. Demographic information was obtained from hospital records.
RESULTS
Patients reported being generally satisfied with ultrasound care when providers communicated effectively. Women reported a priority for ultrasound was that it allowed them to feel reassured. However, a clear need for better pre-screening information emerged consistently from patients. Women noted that factors facilitating their choosing to have an ultrasound included ensuring the well-being of the fetus and learning the sex. Barriers included wait times and financial constraints. Patients were generally satisfied with care using the newborn standards.
CONCLUSIONS
As the INTERGROWTH-21 standards are implemented worldwide, understanding ways to facilitate implementation is critical. Increased and standardized communication about ultrasound should be provided before the procedure to increase satisfaction and uptake. Considering patient perspectives when integrating new standards or guidelines into routine clinical care will inform effective strategies in care provision, thus improving maternal and newborn health and survival.
Topics: Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Development; Fetus; Growth Charts; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Kenya; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prenatal Care; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 32544027
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1770967 -
Clinical Medicine & Research Dec 2017In resource-poor settings, anthropometric parameters are evaluated as potential alternatives to the body mass index (BMI) for detecting overweight and obesity in... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
In resource-poor settings, anthropometric parameters are evaluated as potential alternatives to the body mass index (BMI) for detecting overweight and obesity in children. To this end, the mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and the mid-upper-arm circumference-to-height ratio (AHtR) were evaluated as proxies to BMI in Thai school-age children.
STUDY DESIGN
An observational, cross-sectional study was performed on school-aged children.
PARTICIPANTS
Children in grades 1 through 6 at all public elementary schools in the Ongkharak district, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand during May and June 2013 were included. This is a rural district with low per capita income.
METHODS
Weight, height, and MUAC were measured in school-age children and analyzed to identify optimal cut-off values for MUAC and AHtR for detection of overweight and obesity in comparison to BMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the validity of MUAC and AHtR use.
RESULTS
Data from 3,618 children, aged 6.0-12.99 years, were analyzed. MUAC correlated with age and height ( < 0.001), but especially with body weight ( = 0.888 to 0.914) and BMI ( = 0.859 to 0.908) in both genders, while AHtR correlated with body weight and BMI ( < 0.001), but not with age. Cut-off values of MUAC for obesity diagnosis ranged from 18.9 to 25.5 cm for boys and from 19.8 to 25.4 cm for girls. Accuracy was excellent for both boys (AUC = 0.952-0.991) and girls (AUC = 0.917-0.990). Cut-off of MUAC for overweight diagnosis ranged from 17.2 to 22.4 cm for boys (AUC = 0.883-0.965) and from 18.0 to 23.2 cm for girls (AUC = 0.905-0.931). AHtR cut-off values for obesity and overweight diagnosis at 0.16 and 0.145, respectively, were determined with excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC ranged from 0.920 to 0.975).
CONCLUSION
MUAC and AHtR were reliable tools to detect overweight and obesity in Thai school-age children. Cut-off points for MUAC were age and gender specific, while AHtR at 0.16 and 0.145 were the optimal values for both genders, independent of age. These anthropometric measurements showed excellent accuracy in predicting overweight and obesity with high specificity and sensitivity.
Topics: Anthropometry; Area Under Curve; Arm; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Size; Body Weight; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thailand
PubMed: 29018004
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2017.1365 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry are considered alternatives to well-established reference techniques for assessing body composition. In team...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry are considered alternatives to well-established reference techniques for assessing body composition. In team sports, the percentage of fat mass (FM%) is one of the most informative parameters, and a wide range of predictive equations allow for its estimation through both BIA and anthropometry. Although it is not clear which of these two techniques is more accurate for estimating FM%, the choice of the predictive equation could be a determining factor. The present study aimed to examine the validity of BIA and anthropometry in estimating FM% with different predictive equations, using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference, in a group of futsal players. A total of 67 high-level male futsal players (age 23.7 ± 5.4 years) underwent BIA, anthropometric measurements, and DXA scanning. Four generalized, four athletic, and two sport-specific predictive equations were used for estimating FM% from raw bioelectric and anthropometric parameters. DXA-derived FM% was used as a reference. BIA-based generalized equations overestimated FM% (ranging from 1.13 to 2.69%, p < 0.05), whereas anthropometry-based generalized equations underestimated FM% in the futsal players (ranging from −1.72 to −2.04%, p < 0.05). Compared to DXA, no mean bias (p > 0.05) was observed using the athletic and sport-specific equations. Sport-specific equations allowed for more accurate and precise FM% estimations than did athletic predictive equations, with no trend (ranging from r = −0.217 to 0.235, p > 0.05). Regardless of the instrument, the choice of the equation determines the validity in FM% prediction. In conclusion, BIA and anthropometry can be used interchangeably, allowing for valid FM% estimations, provided that athletic and sport-specific equations are applied.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Electric Impedance; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Sports; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36678150
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020278 -
Journal of Occupational Health Jan 2018The purpose of this work was to investigate the fitness of the existing truck seats for Bangladeshi truck drivers and suggest a guideline for drivers' seats based on...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this work was to investigate the fitness of the existing truck seats for Bangladeshi truck drivers and suggest a guideline for drivers' seats based on their anthropometry.
METHODOLOGY
In this study, eight anthropometric measurements of 120 Bangladeshi truck drivers and seven seat dimensions of ninety trucks of three brands namely, TATA, ASHOK LEYLAND, and ISUZU were considered for investigating the considerable mismatch between seat dimensions and drivers' anthropometry. The data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests to identify the relationship between existing seat dimensions and drivers' anthropometry.
RESULTS
The results showed a mismatch in seat dimensions and anthropometric measurements for nearly all truck brands and the existing seat dimensions were found to be inappropriate for Bangladeshi drivers. For all the truck brands, the percentage mismatch of seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height, and steering wheel clearance varied between 71% and 98%, 23% and 79%, 33% and 84%, 28% and 65%, and 53% and 100% respectively. Subsequently, an attempt was made to provide ergonomically correct seat dimensions for Bangladeshi truck drivers. Further, generalized equations to design the appropriate seat dimensions were developed using the least square regression technique. The recommended seat height, depth and width, backrest height, and steering wheel clearance were found to be appropriate for 82%, 79%, 76%, 98%, and 100% of drivers respectively.
CONCLUSION
The analysis and results of this study can be useful in developing guidelines for design and manufacture of truck driver seats in Bangladesh.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Bangladesh; Equipment Design; Ergonomics; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Vehicles; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 29151447
DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0163-OA -
PloS One 2019Along with the increasing popularity of taekwondo, there is a need of evidence-based talent identification (TID) and development programs based upon profiles of future...
Along with the increasing popularity of taekwondo, there is a need of evidence-based talent identification (TID) and development programs based upon profiles of future elite athletes. This study first aims to investigate the differences between elite and non-elite taekwondo athletes in anthropometry, physical performance and motor coordination. The second aim is to demonstrate the applicability of z-scores in TID research. A total of 98 Taekwondo athletes between 12 and 17 years old were tested using a generic test battery consisting of four anthropometrical (Height, Weight, Fat Percentage, BMI), six physical performance (Sit & Reach, Sprint 5m, Sprint 30m, Counter Movement Jump, Squat Jump, Endurance Shuttle Run) and three motor coordination tests (Moving Sideways, Jumping Sideways, Walking Backwards). Based on the individual success at international competition level, 18 were categorised as elite athletes and 80 were considered as non-elite. T-tests (step 1) on raw test scores and MANOVAs on z-scores (step 2) were conducted to examine differences between the elite and non-elite taekwondo athletes for anthropometry, physical performance and motor coordination tests. Finally, z-scores were reconverted to raw scores to demonstrate practical significance for coaches. Overall, elite taekwondo athletes score better compared to the non-elite group. The MANOVA analysis better scores for elites on fat percentage (-0.55 versus 0.12;p = 0.006), BMI (-0.37 versus 0,08;p = 0.067) sprint speed 30m (-0.48 versus 0.11;p = 0.029), counter movement jump (0.79 versus -0.18;p = 0.000), squat jump (0.42 versus -0.11;p = 0.041), moving sideways (0.79 versus -0.18;p = 0.000) and walking backwards (0.54 versus -0.12;p = 0.006). This study confirms our knowledge on physical profiles of elite taekwondo athletes and expands our knowledge to the domain of motor coordination. This study showed how the z-score method can be used to distinguish between elite and non-elite athletes, the former being low in number by definition.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Aptitude; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Body Weight; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Martial Arts; Motor Skills; Movement
PubMed: 31150424
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217358