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Archives of Disease in Childhood May 2023We analysed birth anthropometry of babies of Chinese, Malay and Indian ancestry living in Singapore with an aim to develop gestational age (GA) and gender-specific birth... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
We analysed birth anthropometry of babies of Chinese, Malay and Indian ancestry living in Singapore with an aim to develop gestational age (GA) and gender-specific birth anthropometry charts and compare these with the widely used Fenton charts.
DESIGN
Retrospective observational study.
SETTING
Department of Neonatology, National University Hospital, Singapore.
POPULATION
We report data from 52 220 infants, born between 1991-1997 and 2010-2017 in Singapore.
METHODS
Anthropometry charts were built using smoothened centile curves and compared with Fenton's using binomial test. Birth weight (BW), crown-heel length and head circumference (HC) were each modelled with maternal exposures using general additive model.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
BW, crown-heel length and HC.
RESULTS
There were 22 248 Chinese (43%), 16 006 Malay (31%) and 8543 Indian (16%) babies. Mean BW was 3103 g (95% CI 3096 to 3109), 3075 g (95% CI 3067 to 3083) and 3052 g (95% CI 3041 to 3062) for Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. When exposed to a uniform socioeconomic environment, intrauterine growth and birth anthropometry of studied races were almost identical. From our GA-specific anthropometric charts until about late prematurity, Asian growth curves mirrored that of Fenton's; thereafter, Asian babies showed a reduction in growth velocity.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that Asian babies living in relatively uniform socioeconomic strata exhibit similar growth patterns. There is a slowing of growth among Asian babies towards term, prompting review of existing birth anthropometry charts. The proposed charts will increase accuracy of identification of true fetal growth restriction as well as true postnatal growth failure in preterm infants when applied to the appropriate population.
Topics: Infant; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Growth Charts; Singapore; Infant, Premature; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Racial Groups; Gestational Age
PubMed: 36593086
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324693 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Jan 2018Diagnosis of obesity using traditional body mass index (BMI) using length may not be a reliable indicator of body composition in spina bifida (SB). We examine...
OBJECTIVE
Diagnosis of obesity using traditional body mass index (BMI) using length may not be a reliable indicator of body composition in spina bifida (SB). We examine traditional and surrogate measures of adiposity in adults with SB, correlated with activity, metabolic disease, attitudes towards exercise and quality of life.
DESIGN
Adult subjects with SB underwent obesity classification using BMI by length and arm span, abdominal girth and percent trunk fat (TF) on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Quality of life measures, activity level and metabolic laboratory values were also reviewed.
RESULTS
Among eighteen subjects (6 male, 12 female), median age was 26.5 (range 19-37) years, with level of lesion 16.7% ≤L2, 61.1% L3-4, and 22.2% ≥L5, respectively. Median weight was 71.8 (IQR 62.4, 85.8) kg, similar between sexes (P = 0.66). With median length of 152.0 (IQR 141.8, 163.3) cm, median conventional BMI was 29.4 m/kg, with 7 (43.8%) subjects with BMI >30. Median BMI by arm span was 30.2 m/kg, abdominal girth of 105.5 cm, and TF 45.7%. More subjects were classified as obese using alternate measures, with 9 (56.3%) by arm span, 14 (82.4%) by abdominal girth and 15 (83.3%) by TF (P = 0.008). Reclassification of obesity from conventional BMI was significant when using TF (P = 0.03). No difference in quality of life measures, activity level and metabolic abnormalities was demonstrated between obese and non-obese subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
Conventional determination of obesity using BMI by length is an insensitive marker in adults with SB. Adults with SB are more often classified as obese using TF by DXA.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Spinal Dysraphism
PubMed: 27551923
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1195071 -
The American Journal of Clinical... May 2022Low birth weight predicts risk of infant death. However, several birth measurements may be equally predictive, for which cutoffs and associated risks are less explored.
BACKGROUND
Low birth weight predicts risk of infant death. However, several birth measurements may be equally predictive, for which cutoffs and associated risks are less explored.
OBJECTIVES
We assessed and optimized population cutoffs of birth length, weight, and midupper arm circumference (MUAC), head circumference (HC), and chest circumference (CC) for predicting neonatal (≤28 d) and infant (≤365 d) mortality in northwest Bangladesh.
METHODS
Among 28,026 singletons born in an antenatal micronutrient supplement trial, 21,174 received anthropometry ≤72 h after birth, among whom 583 died in infancy. Optimization for predicting mortality for each measurement was guided by the Youden Index (sensitivity + specificity - 1). Relative risk ratios (RRRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated across cutoff ranges for individual and any pair of measurements.
RESULTS
Optimal cutoffs, harmonized to 100-g or 0.5-cm readings, for neonatal and infant mortality were 44.5 cm for length, 2200 g for weight, 9.0 cm for MUAC, 31.0 cm for HC, and 28.5 cm for CC, below which all predicted mortality. However, a CC <28.5 cm, alone and combined with HC <31.0 cm, yielded the highest RRR [9.68 (95% CI: 7.84, 11.94) and 15.74 (95% CI: 12.54, 19.75), respectively] and PPV (11.3% and 10.7%) for neonatal mortality and highest RRR [6.02 (95% CI: 5.15, 7.02) and 9.19 (95% CI: 7.72, 10.95)] and PPV (16.3% and 14.5%) for infant mortality. Pairs of measurements revealed a higher RRR for neonatal and infant mortality than individual measurements of any one pair, although the ranges of PPV remained comparable.
CONCLUSIONS
In Bangladesh, multiple birth measurements alone or in combination, particularly chest circumference, predict neonatal and infant mortality.
Topics: Anthropometry; Bangladesh; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Rural Population
PubMed: 35021206
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab432 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Feb 2022Breast surgery requires a high aesthetic outcome and should be individualized according to anthropometric breast and body characteristics. This study aimed to measure...
OBJECTIVES
Breast surgery requires a high aesthetic outcome and should be individualized according to anthropometric breast and body characteristics. This study aimed to measure the anthropometric parameters and volume of Vietnamese female breasts and their application in breast surgery.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 240 women treated at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital aged 18 to 78 years old. The measurements were obtained with the patient sitting upright in the anatomic position based on key landmarks and breast volume was also assessed. Differences in breast anthropometric measurements and breast volume were compared between groups of age, BMI, and the number of children. The correlation between breast volume calculated by anthropometric method and surgical specimen volume was evaluated to determine the accuracy of this method.
RESULTS
The mean values of the right and left breast volumes are less statistically different. Mean breast volume of the right breast and left breast were 396.1±182.3ml and 399.4±182.2ml, respectively. The proportion of breast ptosis increased with age (p=0.027), Body mass index (p<0.0001), and the number of children (p=0.004). The most important factor affecting the size and shape of the breast was body mass index (BMI). Mastectomy specimen volume and breast volume calculated by the anthropometric method are highly correlated with r=0.966.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study should be applied in clinical practice in breast surgery for Vietnamese women.
.Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anatomic Landmarks; Anthropometry; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Breast; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gravidity; Humans; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Sitting Position; Vietnam; Young Adult
PubMed: 35225480
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.2.665 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Apr 2015Associations between anthropometry and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate these associations while minimizing biases found in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Associations between anthropometry and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate these associations while minimizing biases found in previous studies.
METHODS
We pooled data from 1,941,300 participants, including 3760 cases, in 20 cohort studies and used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of anthropometric measures with HNC risk overall and stratified by smoking status.
RESULTS
Greater waist circumference (per 5 cm: HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05, P-value for trend = <0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (per 0.1 unit: HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, P-value for trend = <0.0001), adjusted for body mass index (BMI), were associated with higher risk and did not vary by smoking status (P-value for heterogeneity = 0.85 and 0.44, respectively). Associations with BMI (P-value for interaction = <0.0001) varied by smoking status. Larger BMI was associated with higher HNC risk in never smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24, P-value for trend = 0.0006), but not in former smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.93-1.06, P-value for trend = 0.79) or current smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.82, P-value for trend = <0.0001). Larger hip circumference was not associated with a higher HNC risk. Greater height (per 5 cm) was associated with higher risk of HNC in never and former smokers, but not in current smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were associated positively with HNC risk regardless of smoking status, whereas a positive association with BMI was only found in never smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult
PubMed: 26050257
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv059 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2022Anthropometric measurements and indices such as weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) are often used to assess overall health and nutritional status. Clinicians and...
BACKGROUND
Anthropometric measurements and indices such as weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) are often used to assess overall health and nutritional status. Clinicians and epidemiologists often rely on self-reported weight and height to measure BMI. Differences between self-reported and measured weight and height can lead to differences between self-reported and measured BMI, biasing relative risks of diseases associated with differential BMI.
METHODS
Applying regression analysis to a large nationally representative survey data with contemporaneous self-reports and measurements on 3412 individuals aged 65 or over, we provided estimates of the difference between self-reports and measurements of weight, height and BMI for older Australians, analysing demographic, socioeconomic and health correlates of estimated differences.
RESULTS
We found both males and females underestimated weight, overestimated height and underestimated BMI and there was some evidence these differences increased with age. There was also evidence that these differences were associated with high levels of education and household composition.
CONCLUSION
Although average differences were small, for many individuals the differences may be significant, indicating measurements should be taken in clinically focused research and practice. This is important as systematic underestimation of BMI in older adults can have implications for estimating the size of populations at risk of many health conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and functional limitations.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Australia; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Anthropometry; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36253740
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14326-y -
Aging Cell Jan 2023Aging is believed to occur across multiple domains, one of which is body composition; however, attempts to integrate it into biological age (BA) have been limited. Here,...
Aging is believed to occur across multiple domains, one of which is body composition; however, attempts to integrate it into biological age (BA) have been limited. Here, we consider the sex-dependent role of anthropometry for the prediction of 10-year all-cause mortality using data from 18,794 NHANES participants to generate and validate a new BA metric. Our data-driven approach pointed to sex-specific contributors for BA estimation: WHtR, arm and thigh circumferences for men; weight, WHtR, thigh circumference, subscapular and triceps skinfolds for women. We used these measurements to generate AnthropoAge, which predicted all-cause mortality (AUROC 0.876, 95%CI 0.864-0.887) and cause-specific mortality independently of ethnicity, sex, and comorbidities; AnthropoAge was a better predictor than PhenoAge for cerebrovascular, Alzheimer, and COPD mortality. A metric of age acceleration was also derived and used to assess sexual dimorphisms linked to accelerated aging, where women had an increase in overall body mass plus an important subcutaneous to visceral fat redistribution, and men displayed a marked decrease in fat and muscle mass. Finally, we showed that consideration of multiple BA metrics may identify unique aging trajectories with increased mortality (HR for multidomain acceleration 2.43, 95%CI 2.25-2.62) and comorbidity profiles. A simplified version of AnthropoAge (S-AnthropoAge) was generated using only BMI and WHtR, all results were preserved using this metric. In conclusion, AnthropoAge is a useful proxy of BA that captures cause-specific mortality and sex dimorphisms in body composition, and it could be used for future multidomain assessments of aging to better characterize the heterogeneity of this phenomenon.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Nutrition Surveys; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Aging; Comorbidity; Body Mass Index; Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 36547004
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13756 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Due to the growing engagement of youth in water polo practice, we aimed to characterize age-grouped players across anthropometric, general and specific motor abilities...
Due to the growing engagement of youth in water polo practice, we aimed to characterize age-grouped players across anthropometric, general and specific motor abilities and contextual domains. We have also examined the associations of players' specific skills with their anthropometric and general motor characteristics. One-hundred-and-one male water polo players, grouped into 12-, 13- and 14-year age cohorts were recruited. One-way ANOVA explained age-cohort variance, and a multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between variables. The variance in cohorts was explained by arm span (25%), stature, hand breadth and length (17%) fat-free mass (18%), 20 m sprint (16%), sit-ups (18%), medicine ball throw (27%), anaerobic (31%) and aerobic performance (21%), change of direction (18%), and in-water vertical jump (14%). The variance of in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint, change of direction and aerobic fitness for players' anthropometric characteristics were, 32, 25, 14 and 10% (respectively). The players' upper-limb explosive power explained 30, 22 and 17% of variance for in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint and aerobic fitness, respectively. Body mass had an inverse, and arm span had a direct association with in-water vertical jump and swim velocity capability, arm span had an inverse and direct association with change of direction and aerobic fitness, respectively. The upper limbs' explosive power related directly to in-water vertical jump and aerobic fitness skills, but inversely with 10 m sprint scores.
Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Anthropometry; Body Height; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Swimming
PubMed: 35564332
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094938 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022The problem of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has now become a major public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the...
The problem of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has now become a major public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of age and gender on body composition components and anthropometric indices of children and adolescents aged 6-15 years; in addition, the study aimed to assess body composition indices in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) levels. The study was conducted at the end of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020 among 181 pupils attending primary schools. Waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight, and body height were measured. The collected data were used to calculate and then to analyse BMI, WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio), and WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio) indices. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The analyses' statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and Excel. The statistical methods used included Chi tests of independence, one-factor analysis of variance, and two-factor analysis of variance taking into account the level of α = 0.05. Based on the results, there were no statistically significant differences in the gender and age distributions of the BMI groups. However, the analysis of interaction effects confirmed that there were statistically significant differences according to pubertal age and gender in body fat, muscle mass, hydration, and WHR. Body composition in boys and girls before the age of 12 is similar while, after the age of 12, there are differences between boys and girls in terms of body composition so there is a need to deepen the assessment of body mass, especially in adolescents at the age of puberty, by body composition analysis using the BIA method.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 36141862
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811591 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Anthropometry; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 36004337
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951571