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Experimental Gerontology Mar 2024Overweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study...
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study aimed to assess whether excess body mass affected disproportion in T lymphocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to explain whether excess body mass in older individuals affected the disproportion in numbers of T lymphocytes and whether anthropometric indices and immune risk profile expressed as CD4/CD8 ratio are diagnostically useful in the analysis of immunosenescence.
MATERIALS & METHODS
One hundred three individuals aged 73.6 ± 3.1 years were allocated to the normal body mass (body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/mn = 39), the pre-obesity (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m, n = 44) or the obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m, n = 20) group, based on WHO recommendations. Details on the subjects' medical history and lifestyle were obtained by health questionnaire. Anthropometric analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance method, biochemical analysis was made by the automatic analyzer and ELISA immunoassays, and T and B lymphocyte counts were determined by eight-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), and body shape index (ABSI) were evaluated based on body circumference, BMI and lipid-lipoprotein profile measurements.
RESULTS
The highest percentage of CD3CD4 T lymphocytes (59.4 ± 12.6 %) and the lowest CD3CD8 T lymphocytes (31.6 ± 10.0 %) were noted in patients the obesity group. The highest cut-off value of 1.9 for CD4/CD8 ratio was recorded in the normal body mass vs pre-obesity model. CD4/CD8 ratio > 2.5 was recorded in >20 % of our pre-obesity and obesity groups while 64.5 % of the normal body mass group had CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. High diagnostic usefulness was demonstrated for both BAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (AUC values of ~0.800 and ~ 0.900 respectively) in three models: normal body mass vs pre-obesity, normal body mass vs obesity, and pre-obesity vs obesity.
CONCLUSION
The odds ratios (OR) for CD4/CD8 ratio in the normal body mass vs obesity model (OR = 16.1, 95%CI 3.8-93.6) indicated a potential diagnostic value of T lymphocytes for clinical prognosis of immune aging in relation to excess body weight in older adults. High values of AUC obtained for the following models: CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927), CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00), CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) proved to provide excellent discrimination between older adults with obesity and with normal body mass.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Risk Factors; Obesity; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Adiposity; Weight Gain; Aging
PubMed: 38346543
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112377 -
Scientific Reports May 2016Anthropometric quantities are widely used in epidemiologic research as possible confounders, risk factors, or outcomes. 3D laser-based body scans (BS) allow evaluation... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Anthropometric quantities are widely used in epidemiologic research as possible confounders, risk factors, or outcomes. 3D laser-based body scans (BS) allow evaluation of dozens of quantities in short time with minimal physical contact between observers and probands. The aim of this study was to compare BS with classical manual anthropometric (CA) assessments with respect to feasibility, reliability, and validity. We performed a study on 108 individuals with multiple measurements of BS and CA to estimate intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for both. We suggested BS equivalents of CA measurements and determined validity of BS considering CA the gold standard. Throughout the study, the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC) was chosen as indicator of agreement. BS was slightly more time consuming but better accepted than CA. For CA, OCCCs for intra- and inter-rater reliability were greater than 0.8 for all nine quantities studied. For BS, 9 of 154 quantities showed reliabilities below 0.7. BS proxies for CA measurements showed good agreement (minimum OCCC > 0.77) after offset correction. Thigh length showed higher reliability in BS while upper arm length showed higher reliability in CA. Except for these issues, reliabilities of CA measurements and their BS equivalents were comparable.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Size; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Lasers; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 27225483
DOI: 10.1038/srep26672 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Oct 2021
Topics: Anthropometry; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 34709298
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210716 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2017We analyzed the discriminatory capacity of anthropometric indicators for body fat in children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis included... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We analyzed the discriminatory capacity of anthropometric indicators for body fat in children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional and clinical studies comprising children and adolescents aged 2-19 y that tested the discriminatory value for body fat measured by anthropometric methods or indexes generated by anthropometric variables compared with precision methods in the diagnosis of body fat [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), or MRI]. Five studies met the eligibility criteria and presented high methodologic quality. The anthropometric indicators that had high discriminatory power to identify high body fat were body mass index (BMI) in males [area under the curve (AUC): 0.975] and females (AUC: 0.947), waist circumference (WC) in males (AUC: 0.975) and females (AUC: 0.959), and the waist-to-height ratio (WTHR) in males (AUC: 0.897) and females (AUC: 0.914). BMI, WC, and WTHR can be used by health professionals to assess body fat in children and adolescents.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adolescent; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Waist Circumference; Young Adult
PubMed: 28916572
DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015446 -
Advances in Physiology Education Dec 2018Research in the health sciences devotes much attention to overweight and obesity and, consequently, to body composition. In recent years, traditional body measures have...
Research in the health sciences devotes much attention to overweight and obesity and, consequently, to body composition. In recent years, traditional body measures have been questioned as efficient variables in health sciences due to the fact that they cannot give information about body fat mass. Our aim is to teach how to analyze body composition through anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis to our "Physiology of Vegetative and Reproductive Functions" students, who are studying for their degree in Biology. We proposed project-oriented-learning to promote collaborative interactions among students. Fifty-two students voluntarily formed five groups; they worked with the concepts of basal metabolic rate and body composition from a theoretical point of view and later transformed these concepts into a practical perspective by preparing a manuscript in groups with objectives proposed by our teaching team. In this research, we show a collaborative educational scenario for university students in which students are tutored from a constructivist perspective to promote social interactions, resulting in new knowledge acquisition.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Interdisciplinary Placement; Male; Physiology; Problem-Based Learning; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 30251894
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00106.2017 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2020Accurate anthropometric measurements are essential for assessing nutritional status, monitoring child growth, and informing clinical care. We aimed to improve height...
BACKGROUND
Accurate anthropometric measurements are essential for assessing nutritional status, monitoring child growth, and informing clinical care. We aimed to improve height measurements of hospitalized pediatrics patients through implementation of gold standard measurement techniques.
METHODS
A quality improvement project implemented computerized training modules on anthropometry and standardized wooden boards for height measurements in a tertiary children's hospital. Heights were collected pre- and post-intervention on general pediatric inpatients under 5 years of age. Accuracy of height measurements was determined by analyzing the variance and by comparing to World Health Organization's defined biologically plausible height-for-age z-scores. Qualitative interviews assessed staff attitudes.
RESULTS
Ninety-six hospital staff completed the anthropometry training. Data were available on 632 children pre- and 933 post-intervention. Training did not increase the proportion of patients measured for height (78.6% pre-intervention vs. 75.8% post-intervention, p = 0.19). Post-intervention, wooden height boards were used to measure height of 34.8% patients, while tape measures and wingspan accounted for 42.0% and 3.5% of measurements, respectively. There was no improvement in the quality of height measurements based on plausibility (approximately 3% height-for-age z-scores measurements flagged out of range pre- and post-intervention), digit preference (13.4% of digits pre- and 12.3% post-intervention requiring reclassification), or dispersion of measurements (height-for-age z-scores standard deviation 1.9 pre- and post-intervention). Staff reported that using the wooden board was too labor consuming and cumbersome.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that efforts to improve anthropometric measurements of hospitalized children have multiple obstacles, and further investigation of less cumbersome methods of measurements may be warranted.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Family; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Inpatients; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 32883257
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02289-1 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Aug 2022Physical fitness is one of the important health markers as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mor bidity and mortality.
UNLABELLED
Physical fitness is one of the important health markers as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mor bidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between fat mass with anthropome tric indicators and, secondly, to compare the performance of physical fitness among children and adolescents categorized with adequate and excess fat mass.
SUBJECTS AND METHOD
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 863 schoolchildren aged 6 to 17.9 years. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. physical fitness [speed (20m), agility (10x5m), and ho rizontal jump] was evaluated. Fat mass was calculated by anthropometric equation, body mass index, ponderal index, and waist to height ratio. Data were grouped into 6 age groups.
RESULTS
Children of both sexes categorized as having adequate levels of fat mass had lower values of body mass index, ponderal index, and waist to height ratio than children with high levels of fat mass. In physical fitness, children with adequate fat mass were better than the ones with elevated fat mass. In girls with adequate fat mass, better results were observed in horizontal jump and agility during adolescence. There were no differences in the speed test.
CONCLUSION
Fat mass can be considered as a valuable tool for determining excess body fat and categorizing children and adolescents with adequate and excess fat mass. In addition, having acceptable levels of fat mass may contribute to better physical fitness in boys in horizontal jump, agility, and speed and, in girls, only in horizontal jump and agility.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Physical Fitness; Body Mass Index; Anthropometry; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 37906845
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i4.3906 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2023To establish the normative data of the head and face measurements needed to design an appropriate spectacle frame for the Indian population.
PURPOSE
To establish the normative data of the head and face measurements needed to design an appropriate spectacle frame for the Indian population.
METHODS
Indian subjects between 20 and 40 years were included in the study. Thirteen parameters were measured using the direct and indirect methods using ImageJ software. Photographs of subjects were captured in the primary gaze position, with the head turned toward the subject's right and left by 90° from the primary gaze.
RESULTS
The mean ± standard deviation of age was 27.6 ± 5.7; 55.38% were males. An independent t-test showed a significant difference in nose width (P = 0.001), inter-pupillary distance (P = 0.032), and body mass index (P = .012) between males and females. Inner inter-canthi distance (P = .265), outer inter-canthi distance (P = .509), and frontal angles (P = .536) showed no significant difference. There is a significant difference in face width compared with the other studies. The mean head width of males (154.168 ± 9.121) was wider than that of females (145.431 ± 8.923). This suggests a smaller distance between the temples of a spectacle frame for females.
CONCLUSION
Considering the above factors, there is a need for a customized spectacle frame design providing better optics, improved cosmesis, and comfort to the wearer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Anthropometry; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Eyeglasses; Head; Face
PubMed: 36872723
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_954_22 -
Journal of American College Health : J... 2017We investigated predictors of weight gain in college freshmen.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated predictors of weight gain in college freshmen.
PARTICIPANTS
A longitudinal cohort study followed a representative sample of freshmen (N = 264) from 8/2011 to 6/2012.
METHODS
Repeated measurements of anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity, and diet were collected. We investigated predictors of 9-month weight gain using regression models.
RESULTS
172 participants completed follow-up: 75% gained >0.5 kg. Mean weight change was +2.3 kg (SD 3.2) and +2.0 kg (SD 3.2) and mean adiposity change was +1.3% (SD 1.6) and +0.7% (SD 2.2) in men and women, respectively. In participants gaining >0.5 kg, weight increased 5.6% and body fat increased 1.6%. Anthropometric change in men occurred in the first semester, while women increased in both semesters. Leaner DXA-defined body composition at baseline was consistently associated with greater weight gain (p-values 0.029-0.049).
CONCLUSIONS
Freshman weight gain is common and reflects increased adiposity. Leaner body composition at the beginning of college predicted greater weight gain in men and women during the first year of college.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prospective Studies; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Universities; Weight Gain; Young Adult
PubMed: 28085641
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1280498 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Current methods for infant and child nutritional assessment rely on anthropometric measurements, whose implementation faces technical challenges in low- and...
Current methods for infant and child nutritional assessment rely on anthropometric measurements, whose implementation faces technical challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Anthropometry is also limited to linear measurements, ignoring important body shape information related to health. This work proposes the use of 2D geometric morphometric techniques applied to a sample of Senegalese participants aged 6-59 months with an optimal nutritional condition or with severe acute malnutrition to address morphometric variations due to nutritional status. Significant differences in shape and size body changes were described according to nutritional status, resulting age, sex and allometric effect crucial factors to establish nutritional morphological patterns. The constructed discriminant functions exhibited the best classification rates in the left arm. A landmark-based template registering body shape could be useful to both assess acute malnutrition and better understand the morphological patterns that nutritional status promotes in children during their first 5 years of growth and development.
Topics: Age Factors; Anthropometry; Biological Variation, Population; Body Size; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Public Health Surveillance; Severe Acute Malnutrition; Sex Factors; Somatotypes
PubMed: 33608567
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82727-x