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International Journal of Clinical and... 2017Cancerous wound has been the difficulty of clinical treatment. Due to wound stench, symptoms like a large number of exudate and so on seriously affect the quality of...
OBJECTIVE
Cancerous wound has been the difficulty of clinical treatment. Due to wound stench, symptoms like a large number of exudate and so on seriously affect the quality of life of patients and self-esteem. Inappropriate treatment of cancerous wounds not only lead to the above-mentioned symptoms aggravating with severe infection, but also affect the treatment plan. In view of the fact that wound treatment is based on well wound bed preparation, debridement is a prerequisite for ensuring a well state of the wound bed. Therefore, exploring the most suitable way for cancer wound debridement methods, can effectively control the wound symptoms, reduce secondary infection rate, reduce complications, improve patient quality of life.
METHOD
There is a randomized controlled experiment that 22 patients with cancerous wound were nursed with autolysis debridement and mechanical debridement before and after for 2 weeks. The results of culture of secretions, the ratio of malodor, exudate and wound bed decayed tissue before and after debridement were compared.
RESULT
Through the treatment of the combination of autolysis debridement and mechanical debridement, the rate of negative conversion of secretions is increased, the control time of malodor and exudate is shortened, and the proportion of decayed tissue is reduced. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Debridement combining autolysis debridement with mechanical debridement can effectively eliminate a large number of rotting tissue, significantly shorten the time of reducing the degree of wound infection and relieving the symptoms such as malodor and exudate, ensure the treatment of wound bed preparation, advantage to Wound healing, what's more, improve patient comfort level and quality of life.
PubMed: 31966779
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Nov 2023Chitin is a biopolymer profusely present in nature and of pivotal importance as a structural component in cells. It is degraded by chitinases, enzymes naturally produced... (Review)
Review
Chitin is a biopolymer profusely present in nature and of pivotal importance as a structural component in cells. It is degraded by chitinases, enzymes naturally produced by different organisms. Chitinases are proteins enrolled in many cellular mechanisms, including the remodeling process of the fungal cell wall, the cell growth process, the autolysis of filamentous fungi, and cell separation of yeasts, among others. These enzymes also have properties with different biotechnological applications. They are used to produce polymers, for biological control, biofilm formation, and as antitumor and anti-inflammatory target molecules. Chitinases are classified into different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families and are widespread in microorganisms, including viruses. Among them, the GH18 family is highly predominant in the viral genomes, being present and active enzymes in baculoviruses and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), especially chloroviruses from family. These viral enzymes contain one or more GH domains and seem to be involved during the viral replication cycle. Curiously, only a few DNA viruses have these enzymes, and studying their properties could be a key feature for biological and biotechnological novelties. Here, we provide an overview of viral chitinases and their probable function in viral infection, showing evidence of at least two distinct origins for these enzymes. Finally, we discuss how these enzymes can be applied as biotechnological tools and what one can expect for the coming years on these GHs.
Topics: Humans; Chitinases; Proteins; Chitin; Biotechnology; Fungi
PubMed: 38057942
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231208408 -
Molecules and Cells Nov 2022The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. The role of cell-to-cell communication in neighboring or distant cells has been... (Review)
Review
The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. The role of cell-to-cell communication in neighboring or distant cells has been increasingly ascribed to EVs generated by various cells. Initially, EVs were thought to a means of cellular debris or disposal system of unwanted cellular materials that provided an alternative to autolysis in lysosomes. Intercellular exchange of information has been considered to be achieved by well-known systems such as hormones, cytokines, and nervous networks. However, most research in this field has searched for and found evidence to support paracrine or endocrine roles of EV, which inevitably leads to a new concept that EVs are synthesized to achieve their paracrine or endocrine purposes. Here, we attempted to verify the endocrine role of EV production and their contents, such as RNAs and bioactive proteins, from the regulation of biogenesis, secretion, and action mechanisms while discussing the current technical limitations. It will also be important to discuss how blood EV concentrations are regulated as if EVs are humoral endocrine machinery.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Cell Communication
PubMed: 36380729
DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0110 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of... (Review)
Review
In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer's yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer's yeast, and even less for spent brewer's yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer's yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.
Topics: Autolysis; Bread; Cell Nucleus; Cell Wall; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Elastic Modulus; Food Industry; Food Safety; Food Technology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Organic Chemicals; Polysaccharides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solubility; Stress, Mechanical; Temperature; Wastewater; Yogurt; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 33467670
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020825 -
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2023Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding. Its sequences of spatial and temporal development in the immature nervous system are precisely timed and... (Review)
Review
Synaptogenesis is the final phase of axonal pathfinding. Its sequences of spatial and temporal development in the immature nervous system are precisely timed and consistent. Synaptophysin, a principal structural glycoprotein of synaptic vesicle membranes regardless of the chemical transmitter substance within, is a reliable means of demonstrating sequences of synaptogenesis in human fetal brain tissue at autopsy and is resistant to postmortem autolysis. Furthermore, synaptophysin molecules are demonstrated during axoplasmic flow before being assembled into membranes in immature axons and also mature axons of neurons with a high metabolic rate. In brain malformations these sequences often are altered both in distribution of synapses and in timing, often delayed but sometimes precocious, with postnatal clinical manifestations such as epilepsy and cognitive development.
PubMed: 36816854
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1105183 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017The capacity to release genetic material into the extracellular medium has been reported in cultures of numerous species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and also in the... (Review)
Review
The capacity to release genetic material into the extracellular medium has been reported in cultures of numerous species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and also in the context of multicellular microbial communities such as biofilms. Moreover, extracellular DNA (eDNA) of microbial origin is widespread in natural aquatic and terrestrial environments. Different specific mechanisms are involved in eDNA release, such as autolysis and active secretion, as well as through its association with membrane vesicles. It is noteworthy that in microorganisms, in which DNA release has been studied in detail, the production of eDNA is coordinated by the population when it reaches a certain cell density, and is induced in a subpopulation in response to the accumulation of quorum sensing signals. Interestingly, in several bacteria there is also a relationship between eDNA release and the development of natural competence (the ability to take up DNA from the environment), which is also controlled by quorum sensing. Then, what is the biological function of eDNA? A common biological role has not been proposed, since different functions have been reported depending on the microorganism. However, it seems to be important in biofilm formation, can be used as a nutrient source, and could be involved in DNA damage repair and gene transfer. This review covers several aspects of eDNA research: (i) its occurrence and distribution in natural environments, (ii) the mechanisms and regulation of its release in cultured microorganisms, and (iii) its biological roles. In addition, we propose that eDNA release could be considered a social behavior, based on its quorum sensing-dependent regulation and on the described functions of eDNA in the context of microbial communities.
PubMed: 28798731
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01390 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024Traditional histochemical staining of post-mortem samples often confronts inferior staining quality due to autolysis caused by delayed fixation of cadaver tissue, and...
Traditional histochemical staining of post-mortem samples often confronts inferior staining quality due to autolysis caused by delayed fixation of cadaver tissue, and such chemical staining procedures covering large tissue areas demand substantial labor, cost and time. Here, we demonstrate virtual staining of autopsy tissue using a trained neural network to rapidly transform autofluorescence images of label-free autopsy tissue sections into brightfield equivalent images, matching hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained versions of the same samples. The trained model can effectively accentuate nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular features in new autopsy tissue samples that experienced severe autolysis, such as COVID-19 samples never seen before, where the traditional histochemical staining fails to provide consistent staining quality. This virtual autopsy staining technique provides a rapid and resource-efficient solution to generate artifact-free H&E stains despite severe autolysis and cell death, also reducing labor, cost and infrastructure requirements associated with the standard histochemical staining.
Topics: Hematoxylin; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Staining and Labeling; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 38396004
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46077-2 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2022Erysipelas is a zoonotic disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In cetaceans, this disease has two main clinical forms: a cutaneous one, grossly characterized...
Erysipelas is a zoonotic disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In cetaceans, this disease has two main clinical forms: a cutaneous one, grossly characterized by rhomboid lesions, and a septicemic and often fatal form. Erysipelas is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality in captive cetaceans; however, information in free-ranging cetaceans is limited. An adult common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found dead and in advanced autolysis in Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil, on July 19th, 2020. Upon gross examination, 80% of the body surface presented disseminated rhomboid cutaneous lesions ranging from 4 to 6 cm-width, characterized by well-defined edges and occasional ulceration, consistent with erysipelas. Additionally, anthropic-made postmortem linear cuts and partial mechanical removal of the flank musculature were noted. Skin samples were collected for histopathologic and molecular analyses. Microscopically, it was possible to observe multifocal dermatitis with vasculitis. Erysipelothrix sp. was detected by PCR. Despite previous reports of human consumption of cetacean meat in northeastern Brazil, the observed marks and advanced carcass autolysis suggested that the animal was most likely used as bait for fishing instead of human intake. This case highlights the value of postmortem examination and PCR even in poorly preserved cadavers and contributes to the understanding of the epidemiology of cutaneous erysipelas in free-ranging cetaceans (first report in an odontocete from the Southern Hemisphere). Due to the zoonotic potential of certain Erysipelothrix species (i.e., E. rhusiopathiae), active public health policies are required to inform field professionals and the general public about the health threats associated with marine mammal manipulation and consumption.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; Erysipelas; Erysipelothrix; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Brazil
PubMed: 35962226
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00810-5 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2019Prothrombin, or coagulation factor II, is a multidomain zymogen precursor of thrombin that undergoes an allosteric equilibrium between two alternative conformations,...
Prothrombin, or coagulation factor II, is a multidomain zymogen precursor of thrombin that undergoes an allosteric equilibrium between two alternative conformations, open and closed, that react differently with the physiological activator prothrombinase. Specifically, the dominant closed form promotes cleavage at R320 and initiates activation along the meizothrombin pathway, whilst the open form promotes cleavage at R271 and initiates activation along the alternative prethrombin-2 pathway. Here we report how key structural features of prothrombin can be monitored by limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin that attacks W468 in the flexible autolysis loop of the protease domain in the open but not the closed form. Perturbation of prothrombin by selective removal of its constituent Gla domain, kringles and linkers reveals their long-range communication and supports a scenario where stabilization of the open form switches the pathway of activation from meizothrombin to prethrombin-2. We also identify R296 in the A chain of the protease domain as a critical link between the allosteric open-closed equilibrium and exposure of the sites of cleavage at R271 and R320. These findings reveal important new details on the molecular basis of prothrombin function.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Chymotrypsin; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Precursors; Factor Xa; Protein Domains; Protein Stability; Proteolysis; Prothrombin; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thrombin
PubMed: 30992526
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42524-z -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2018The microbiota of ripening cheese is dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which are either added as starters and adjunct cultures or originate from the production and... (Review)
Review
The microbiota of ripening cheese is dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which are either added as starters and adjunct cultures or originate from the production and processing environments (nonstarter or NSLAB). After curd formation and pressing, starters reach high numbers, but their viability then decreases due to lactose depletion, salt addition, and low pH and temperature. Starter autolysis releases cellular contents, including nutrients and enzymes, into the cheese matrix. During ripening, NSLAB may attain cell densities up to 8 log cfu per g after 3 to 9 mo. Depending on the species and strain, their metabolic activity may contribute to defects or inconsistency in cheese quality and to the development of typical cheese flavor. The availability of gene and genome sequences has enabled targeted detection of specific cheese microbes and their gene expression over the ripening period. Integrated systems biology is needed to combine the multiple perspectives of post-genomics technologies to elucidate the metabolic interactions among microorganisms. Future research should delve into the variation in cell physiology within the microbial populations, because spatial distribution within the cheese matrix will lead to microenvironments that could affect localized interactions of starters and NSLAB. Microbial community modeling can contribute to improving the efficiency and reduce the cost of food processes such as cheese ripening.
Topics: Cheese; Food Microbiology; Lactobacillales; Lactose; Microbiota
PubMed: 29274982
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13345