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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2020The importance of as feed additives in animals' production is well recognized. and are involved in promoting animal growth performance and immunological indicators....
The importance of as feed additives in animals' production is well recognized. and are involved in promoting animal growth performance and immunological indicators. However, their precise roles in the modulation of microbiota and immune response in goat rumen and intestines have not been investigated. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the impacts of fsznc-06 and fsznc-09 in the development of rumen and small intestinal and microbial communities in rumen and caecum of weanling Jintang black goats. Morphological alterations of rumen and small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were evaluated by histochemical staining, and ruminal contents and cecal feces were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing in an Illumina NovaSeq platform. Morphological analysis showed that feeding weanling goats with fsznc-06 or fsznc-09 enhanced ruminal papilla and small intestinal villus growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that microbial richness and diversity (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE) and the relative richness of multiple or potential beneficial bacteria were higher in weaned black goats fed on fsznc-06 or fsznc-09, but that of multiple or potentially pathogenic bacteria were lower, as compared with the control group. Tax4Fun analysis predicting the functional profiling of microbial communities showed that microbial communities in rumen or caecum were highly influential on metabolism and organism systems after feeding weanling goats with fsznc-06 or fsznc-09. It was suggested that fsznc-06 and fsznc-09 might be an auspicious antibiotic alternative to improve black goat growth and health by changing rumen and gut microbiota positively.
PubMed: 32916846
DOI: 10.3390/ani10091604 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Heterotrophic bacteria are assumed to play an important role in processing of phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). Although the algae-derived organic...
Heterotrophic bacteria are assumed to play an important role in processing of phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). Although the algae-derived organic matter is commonly studied, the transformation and processing of DOM by epiphytic bacteria for phytoplankton have rarely been investigated, especially under warming and acidification. In this study, is used to explore the ecologically important marine diatom -derived DOM under different conditions (temperature, 27°C and 31°C; CO, 400 and 1,000 ppm), utilizing fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Fluorescence regional integration and the peak selecting method are used to generate B, T, N, A, M, and C peaks in the EEM fluorescence spectroscopy. The main known fluorophores including that protein-like components (peaks B and T), unknown components (peak N), and humic-like component (peaks A, M, and C). Our experimental results showed that under higher temperature and pressure of CO (CO) conditions, -derived DOM fluorescence was dominated by a protein-like signal that slower waning throughout the experiment, becoming an increasingly humic-like substance, implying that processing by the epiphytic bacteria () produced more complex molecules. In addition, spectroscopic indices (e.g., fluorescence index, biological index, freshness index , and humification index) were changed in varying degrees. This study reveals and confirms the direct participation of heterotrophic bacteria in the transformation and generation of algae-derived DOM in the laboratory, underlining the influence of global warming and ocean acidification on this process.
PubMed: 35283861
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833670 -
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2023In the current context of reduced and limited antibiotic use, several pathogens and stressors cause intestinal oxidative stress in poultry, which leads to a reduced feed...
BACKGROUND
In the current context of reduced and limited antibiotic use, several pathogens and stressors cause intestinal oxidative stress in poultry, which leads to a reduced feed intake, slow or stagnant growth and development, and even death, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry breeding industry. Oxidative stress in animals is a non-specific injury for which no targeted drug therapy is available; however, the health of poultry can be improved by adding appropriate feed additives. Bacillus pumilus, as a feed additive, promotes growth and development and reduces intestinal oxidative stress damage in poultry. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) senses oxidative damage and repairs unfolded and misfolded proteins; its protective effect has been widely investigated. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase C (MAPK/PKC) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) are also common proteins associated with inflammatory response induced by several stressors, but there is limited research on these proteins in the context of poultry intestinal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. In the present study, we isolated a novel strain of Bacillus pumilus with excellent performance from the feces of healthy yaks, named TS1. To investigate the effect of TS1 on SE-induced enteritis in broilers, 120 6-day-old white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups (con, TS1, SE, TS1 + SE). TS1 and TS1 + SE group chickens were fed with 1.4 × 10 colony-forming units per mL of TS1 for 15 days and intraperitoneally injected with SE to establish the oxidative stress model. Then, we investigated whether TS1 protects the intestine of SE-treated broiler chickens using inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis, stress protein quantification, antioxidant quantification, and histopathological analysis.
RESULTS
The TS1 + SE group showed lower MDA and higher GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC than the SE group. TS1 alleviated the effects of SE on intestinal villus length and crypt depth. Our results suggest that SE exposure increased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and MCP-1), p38 MAPK, and PKCβ and decreased the expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HIF-1α, whereas TS1 alleviated these effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacillus pumilus TS1 alleviated oxidative stress damage caused by SE and attenuated the inflammatory response in broilers through MAPK/PKC regulation of HSPs/HIF-1α.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Salmonella enteritidis; Bacillus pumilus; Intestines; Intestinal Mucosa; Animal Feed; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36759839
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03598-0 -
Microorganisms Jun 2023Due to their capacity to produce antimicrobial peptides that can prevent the growth of diseases, many spp. are beneficial to plants. In this study, we looked into the...
Due to their capacity to produce antimicrobial peptides that can prevent the growth of diseases, many spp. are beneficial to plants. In this study, we looked into the antagonistic activity of the 3-19 strain and its derivatives following targeted genome editing. Two peptide genes with antibacterial action, bacilysin () and bacteriocin (), and the F gene, which encodes the sigma factor of sporulation, were specifically inactivated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the genome of 3-19. Antibacterial activity against and decreased as a result of the inactivation of target genes in the 3-19 genome, with a noticeable effect against bacilysin. The growth dynamics of the culture changed when the , , and F genes were inactivated, and the altered strains had less proteolytic activity. An asporogenic mutant of 3-19 was obtained by inactivating the F gene. It has been proven that bacilysin plays a unique part in the development of 3-19's antagonistic action against soil microorganisms.
PubMed: 37375011
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061508 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022This study describes two novel bacteriophages infecting members of the group. Even though members of the group are not recognized as pathogenic, several strains...
This study describes two novel bacteriophages infecting members of the group. Even though members of the group are not recognized as pathogenic, several strains belonging to the group have been reported to cause infectious diseases in plants, animals and humans. group species are highly resistant to ultraviolet radiation and capable of forming biofilms, which complicates their eradication. Bacteriophages Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo were isolated from soil samples. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phages represent two new species of the genus (class ). The phages remained stable in a wide range of temperatures and pH values. A host range test showed that the phages specifically infect various strains of . The phages form clear plaques surrounded by halos. Both phages Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo encode proteins with pectin lyase domains-Putative depolymerases. Obtained in a purified recombinant form, the proteins produced lysis zones on the lawn of a strain. This suggests that Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo may be effective for the eradication of biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Bacillus pumilus; Phylogeny; Ultraviolet Rays; Bacteriophages; Bacillus
PubMed: 36361776
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112988 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole...
Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] is a widely used antiprotozoan and antibacterial medication. Using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the current study models the antibacterial activity of already synthesised Metronidazole (MTZ) complexes ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) against E. coli, B. bronceptica, S. epidermidis, B. pumilus and S. aureus. To characterise the Metronidazole complexes for antibacterial activity against 05 microbes, the least angular regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operators were used. Asymmetric Least Squares was used to correct the spectrum baseline. Least angular regression outperforms cross-validated root mean square error in the fitted models. Using Least angular regression, influential wavelengths that explain the variation in antibacterial activity of Metronidazole complexes were identified and mapped against functional groups.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus pumilus; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Escherichia coli; Metronidazole; Models, Chemical; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 34588489
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97897-x -
Journal of Nematology Feb 2023Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals,...
Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals, this agroecosystem faces environmental challenges, including soil and water pollution. Sustainable viticulture, driven by eco-friendly practices and cost reduction, has gained prominence, underlining the importance of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs naturally occurr in vineyard soils and play a crucial role in controlling pest damage. Ensuring compatibility between EPNs and the commonly used vineyard fungicides is critical, as these applications constitute the predominant pest-management practice during the productive grapevine cycle. This study assessed the impact of authorized grapevine fungicides on EPNs, focusing on the survival of populations and sublethal effects on their virulence. We investigated the compatibility of two EPN populations ( 107 and 'All') with three organic production-approved products (, sulfur, and copper oxychloride) and two synthetic chemicals (Trifloxystrobin and Mancozeb). Our findings revealed that the viability of 107 was reduced when exposed to sulfur and copper oxychloride, and its virulence was affected by copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, although only two days after exposure and with no significant differences for larval mortality at five days. In contrast, 'All' exhibited full compatibility with all five fungicides, with no impact on its viability or virulence. Consequently, our results suggested that the evaluated fungicides could be co-applied on both EPN populations if they were employed on the same day. However, further research on multi-target interactions is needed to ensure the successful implementation of this kind of co-application.
PubMed: 38026548
DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057 -
Genes Feb 2022Whole-genome sequencing of a soil isolate , strain 7P, and its streptomycin-resistant derivative, 3-19, showed genome sizes of 3,609,117 bp and 3,609,444 bp,...
Whole-genome sequencing of a soil isolate , strain 7P, and its streptomycin-resistant derivative, 3-19, showed genome sizes of 3,609,117 bp and 3,609,444 bp, respectively. Annotation of the genome showed 3794 CDS (3204 with predicted function) and 3746 CDS (3173 with predicted function) in the genome of strains 7P and 3-19, respectively. In the genomes of both strains, the prophage regions Bp1 and Bp2 were identified. These include 52 ORF of prophage proteins in the Bp1 region and 38 prophages ORF in the Bp2 region. Interestingly, more than 50% of Bp1 prophage proteins are similar to the proteins of the in . The DNA region of Bp2 has 15% similarity to the DNA of the phage. Degradome analysis of the genome of both strains revealed 148 proteases of various classes. These include 60 serine proteases, 48 metalloproteases, 26 cysteine proteases, 4 aspartate proteases, 2 asparagine proteases, 3 threonine proteases, and 2 unclassified proteases. Likewise, three inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes were found. Comparative analysis of variants in the genomes of strains 7P and 3-19 showed the presence of 81 nucleotide variants in the genome 3-19. Among them, the missense mutations in the , , genes and in the upstream region of the gene were revealed. These nucleotide polymorphisms may have affected the streptomycin resistance and overproduction of extracellular hydrolases of the 3-19 strain. Finally, a plasmid DNA was found in strain 7P, which is lost in its derivative, strain 3-19. This plasmid contains five coding DNA sequencing (CDS), two regulatory proteins and three hypothetical proteins.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Nucleotides; Peptide Hydrolases; Prophages; Streptomycin
PubMed: 35327964
DOI: 10.3390/genes13030409 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Feruloyl esterase (FAE; EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl group in an esterified sugar to assist in waste biomass degradation or...
Feruloyl esterase (FAE; EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl group in an esterified sugar to assist in waste biomass degradation or to release ferulic acid (FA). An FAE-producing strain was isolated from humus soil samples and identified as SK52.001. The BpFAE gene from SK52.001 was speculated and heterogeneously expressed in WB800 for the first time. The enzyme exists as a monomer with 303 amino acids and a molecular mass of 33.6 kDa. Its specific activity was 377.9 ± 10.3 U/ (mg protein), using methyl ferulate as a substrate. It displays an optimal alkaline pH of 9.0, an optimal temperature of 50 °C, and half-lives of 1434, 327, 235, and 68 min at 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C, respectively. Moreover, the purified BpFAE released 4.98% FA of the alkali-acidic extractable FA from de-starched wheat bran (DSWB). When the DSWB was enzymatically degraded by the synergistic effect of the BpFAE and commercial xylanase, the FA amount reached 49.47%. It suggested that the alkaline BpFAE from SK52.001, which was heterologously expressed in WB800, possesses great potential for biomass degradation and achieving high-added value FA production from food by-products.
PubMed: 34071417
DOI: 10.3390/foods10061229 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021The cyclic lipopeptide produced from strain HY1 was isolated from Korean soybean sauce . The chemical structures of the surfactin isomers were analyzed using...
The cyclic lipopeptide produced from strain HY1 was isolated from Korean soybean sauce . The chemical structures of the surfactin isomers were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The five potential surfactin isoforms were detected with protonated masses of 994.7, 1008.7, 1022.7, 1036.7, and 1050.7 and different structures in combination with Na, K, and Ca ions. ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that the isolated surfactin possessed the precise amino acid sequence LLVDLL and hydroxyl fatty acids with 12 to 16 carbons. The surfactin content during c fermentation increased from 0.3 to 51.2 mg/kg over 60 h of fermentation. The mixture of five surfactin isoforms of inhibited the growth of two cancer cell lines. The growth of both MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells was strongly inhibited with 100 μg/μL of surfactin. This study is the first-time report of five surfactin isomers of strain HY1 during Korean soybean sauce fermentation, which has cytotoxic properties.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Proliferation; Fermented Foods; Humans; Lipopeptides; MCF-7 Cells; Glycine max
PubMed: 34361631
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154478