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Food Science and Biotechnology Oct 2019Both spore and vegetative forms of species have been used as probiotics, and they have high stability to the surrounding atmospheric conditions such as heat, gastric... (Review)
Review
Both spore and vegetative forms of species have been used as probiotics, and they have high stability to the surrounding atmospheric conditions such as heat, gastric conditions, and moisture. The commercial probiotic strains in use are , , , , , , and . These strains have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production properties. However, probiotics can also produce toxins and biogenic amines and transfer antibiotic resistance genes; therefore, their safety is a concern. Studies on the microbiome using probiotic strains are limited in humans. Most microbiome research has been conducted in chicken, mouse, and pig. Some probiotics are used as fermentation starters in plant and soybean and dietary supplement of baking foods as a probiotic carrier. This review summarizes the characterization of species as probiotics for human use and their safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier.
PubMed: 31695928
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00691-9 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are a promising alternative to conventional fertilization. One of the most interesting PGPB strains, among the spore-forming... (Review)
Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are a promising alternative to conventional fertilization. One of the most interesting PGPB strains, among the spore-forming bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes, is . It is a bacterial species that inhabits a wide range of environments and shows resistance to abiotic stresses. So far, several PGPB strains of have been described, including LZP02, JPVS11, TUAT-1, TRS-3, and EU927414. These strains have been shown to produce a wide range of phytohormones and other plant growth-promoting substances. Therefore, they can affect various plant properties, including biometric traits, substance content (amino acids, proteins, fatty acids), and oxidative enzymes. Importantly, based on a study with WP8, it can be concluded that this bacterial species stimulates plant growth when the native microbiota of the inoculated soil is altered. However, there is still a lack of research with deeper insights into the structure of the native microbial community (after application), which would provide a better understanding of the functioning of this bacterial species in the soil and thus increase its effectiveness in promoting plant growth.
PubMed: 36620067
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1069053 -
Insects Jul 2022Arthropods are reported to serve as vectors of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans, animals, and the environment. The aims of our study were (i) to...
Arthropods are reported to serve as vectors of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans, animals, and the environment. The aims of our study were (i) to identify the external bacteriota of spiders inhabiting a chicken farm and slaughterhouse and (ii) to detect antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. In total, 102 spiders of 14 species were collected from a chicken farm, slaughterhouse, and buildings located in west Slovakia in 2017. Samples were diluted in peptone buffered water, and Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), Triple Sugar Agar (TSI), Blood Agar (BA), and Anaerobic Agar (AA) were used for inoculation. A total of 28 genera and 56 microbial species were isolated from the samples. The most abundant species were (28 isolates) and (28 isolates). The least isolated species were (one isolate), (two isolates), (two isolates), and (two isolates). There were differences in microbial composition between the samples originating from the slaughterhouse, chicken farm, and buildings. The majority of the bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics were isolated from the chicken farm. The isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as , , and spp., which possess multiple drug resistance, is of public health concern.
PubMed: 36005303
DOI: 10.3390/insects13080680 -
Microorganisms Sep 2021Mature and stable intestinal microbiota in chickens is essential for health and production. Slow development of microbiota in young chickens prolongs the precarious...
Mature and stable intestinal microbiota in chickens is essential for health and production. Slow development of microbiota in young chickens prolongs the precarious period before reaching mature configuration. Whether probiotics can play a role in the early maturation of intestinal microbiota is unknown. To address this, day-old chicks were assigned into six groups: NC (basal diet), PC (virginiamycin), low (BPL) and high-dose (BPH) of and low (BSL) and high-dose (BSH) of . Cecal contents at days 7, 14, 28 and 42 were used to analyze the treatment and time effects on the diversity and composition of microbiota. Overall, the alpha diversity was significantly decreased in the NC group between days 7 and 14, while this decline was prevented in the probiotic (BSL and BSH) and even reversed in the BPH group. The beta-diversity showed significant responses of microbial communities to probiotics in first two weeks of life. Analyses of the abundance of microbiota reflected that members of the family Ruminococcaceae (, , , and ), which were dominant in mature microbiota, were significantly higher in abundance at day 14 in the probiotic groups. Conversely, the abundance of genera within the family Lachnospiraceae (, and ) was dominant in early dynamic microbiota but was significantly lower in the probiotic groups at day 14. The and abundance was higher, while the Enterobacteriaceae abundance was lower in the probiotic groups. In summary, the probiotics efficiently helped the cecal microbiota reach mature configuration earlier in life. These results could be used for the future manipulation of microbiota from the perspective of improving poultry performance.
PubMed: 34576794
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091899 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022As bread is a very important staple food, its spoilage threatens global food security. Ropy bread spoilage manifests in sticky and stringy degradation of the crumb,... (Review)
Review
As bread is a very important staple food, its spoilage threatens global food security. Ropy bread spoilage manifests in sticky and stringy degradation of the crumb, slime formation, discoloration, and an odor reminiscent of rotting fruit. Increasing consumer demand for preservative-free products and global warming may increase the occurrence of ropy spoilage. , , , the group, , , , , , and were reported to cause ropiness in bread. Process hygiene does not prevent ropy spoilage, as contamination of flour with these species is unavoidable due to their occurrence as a part of the endophytic commensal microbiota of wheat and the formation of heat-stable endospores that are not inactivated during processing, baking, or storage. To date, the underlying mechanisms behind ropy bread spoilage remain unclear, high-throughput screening tools to identify rope-forming bacteria are missing, and only a limited number of strategies to reduce rope spoilage were described. This review provides a current overview on (i) routes of entry of endospores into bread, (ii) bacterial species implicated in rope spoilage, (iii) factors influencing rope development, and (iv) methods used to assess bacterial rope-forming potential. Finally, we pinpoint key gaps in knowledge and related challenges, as well as future research questions.
PubMed: 36230100
DOI: 10.3390/foods11193021 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Plant growth-promoting bacteria are one of the most interesting methods of controlling fungal phytopathogens. These bacteria can participate in biocontrol via a variety... (Review)
Review
Plant growth-promoting bacteria are one of the most interesting methods of controlling fungal phytopathogens. These bacteria can participate in biocontrol via a variety of mechanisms including lipopeptide production, hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., chitinase, cellulases, glucanase) production, microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) production, and induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggering. Among the bacterial genera most frequently studied in this aspect are spp. including . Due to the range of biocontrol traits, is one of the most interesting members of spp. that can be used in the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens. So far, a number of strains that exhibit biocontrol properties against fungal phytopathogens have been described, e.g., HR10, PTB180, SS-10.7, MCB-7, INR7, SE52, SE34, SE49, RST25, JK-SX001, and KUDC1732. strains are capable of suppressing phytopathogens such as , , , , , and . Importantly, can promote plant growth regardless of whether it alters the native microbiota or not. However, in order to increase its efficacy, research is still needed to clarify the relationship between the native microbiota and . Despite that, it can already be concluded that strains are good candidates to be environmentally friendly and commercially effective biocontrol agents.
PubMed: 37560520
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194606 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Members of the group (abbreviated as the group) are quite diverse and ubiquitous in marine environments, but little is known about correlation with their terrestrial...
BACKGROUND
Members of the group (abbreviated as the group) are quite diverse and ubiquitous in marine environments, but little is known about correlation with their terrestrial counterparts. In this study, 16 marine strains that we had isolated before were sequenced and comparative genome analyses were performed with a total of 52 group strains. The analyses included 20 marine isolates (which included the 16 new strains) and 32 terrestrial isolates, and their evolutionary relationships, differentiation, and environmental adaptation.
RESULTS
Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the marine group strains were grouped into three species: , and . All the three share a common ancestor. However, members of were observed to cluster independently, separating from the other two, thus diverging from the others. Consistent with the universal nature of genes involved in the functioning of the translational machinery, the genes related to translation were enriched in the core genome. Functional genomic analyses revealed that the marine-derived and the terrestrial strains showed differences in certain hypothetical proteins, transcriptional regulators, K transporter (TrK) and ABC transporters. However, species differences showed the precedence of environmental adaptation discrepancies. In each species, land specific genes were found with possible functions that likely facilitate survival in diverse terrestrial niches, while marine bacteria were enriched with genes of unknown functions and those related to transcription, phage defense, DNA recombination and repair.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicated that the isolates show distinct genomic features even as they share a common core. The marine and land isolates did not evolve independently; the transition between marine and non-marine habitats might have occurred multiple times. The lineage exhibited a priority effect over the niche in driving their dispersal. Certain intra-species niche specific genes could be related to a strains adaptation to its respective marine or terrestrial environment(s). In summary, this report describes the systematic evolution of 52 group strains and will facilitate future studies toward understanding their ecological role and adaptation to marine and/or terrestrial environments.
PubMed: 34025591
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.571212 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2021Organo-mineral fertilizers supplemented with biological additives are an alternative to chemical fertilizers. In this study, thermoresistant microorganisms from...
Organo-mineral fertilizers supplemented with biological additives are an alternative to chemical fertilizers. In this study, thermoresistant microorganisms from composting mass were isolated by two-step procedures. First, samples taken at different time points and temperatures (33 days at 52 ºC, 60 days at 63 ºC, and over 365 days at 26 ºC) were pre-incubated at 80 oC for 30 minutes. Second, the microbial selection by in vitro culture-based methods and heat shock at 60 oC and 100 oC for 2h and 4h. Forty-one isolates were able to grow at 60 °C for 4h; twenty-seven at 100 °C for 2h, and two at 100 °C for 4h. The molecular identification by partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene using universal primers revealed that thirty-five isolates were from eight Bacillus species, one Brevibacillus borstelensis, three Streptomyces thermogriseus, and two fungi (Thermomyces lanuginosus and T. dupontii). Data from amylase, phytase, and cellulase activity assays and the enzymatic index (EI) showed that 38 of 41 thermo-resistant isolates produce at least one enzyme. For amylase activity, the highest EI value was observed in Bacillus licheniformis (isolate 21C2, EI= 4.11), followed by Brevibacillus borstelensis (isolate 6C2, EI= 3.66), Bacillus cereus (isolate 18C2, EI= 3.52), and Bacillus paralicheniformis (isolate 20C2, EI= 3.34). For phytase, the highest EI values were observed for Bacillus cereus (isolate 18C2, EI= 2.30) and Bacillus licheniformis (isolate 3C1, EI= 2.15). Concerning cellulose production, B. altitudinis (isolate 6C1) was the most efficient (EI= 6.40), followed by three Bacillus subtilis (isolates 9C1, 16C2, and 19C2) with EI values of 5.66, 5.84, and 5.88, respectively, and one B. pumilus (isolate 27C2, EI= 5.78). The selected microorganisms are potentially useful as a biological additive in organo-mineral fertilizers and other biotechnological processes.
Topics: Bacillus; Brevibacillus; Composting; Eurotiales; Streptomyces
PubMed: 34468511
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244205 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2021Microbial surfactants called biosurfactants, thanks to their high biodegradability, low toxicity and stability can be used not only in bioremediation and oil processing,...
BACKGROUND
Microbial surfactants called biosurfactants, thanks to their high biodegradability, low toxicity and stability can be used not only in bioremediation and oil processing, but also in the food and cosmetic industries, and even in medicine. However, the high production costs of microbial surfactants and low efficiency limit their large-scale production. This requires optimization of management conditions, including the possibility of using waste as a carbon source, such as food processing by-products. This papers describes the production and characterization of the biosurfactant obtained from the endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus 2A grown on various by-products of food processing and its potential applications in supporting plant growth. Four different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, inoculum concentration and temperature were optimized within Taguchi method.
RESULTS
Optimization of bioprocess within Taguchi method and experimental analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for biosurfactant production were brewer's spent grain (5% w/v), ammonium nitrate (1% w/v), pH of 6, 5% of inoculum, and temperature at 30 °C, leading to 6.8 g/L of biosurfactant. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis produced biosurfactant was determined as glycolipid. Obtained biosurfactant has shown high and long term thermostability, surface tension of 47.7 mN/m, oil displacement of 8 cm and the emulsion index of 69.11%. The examined glycolipid, used in a concentration of 0.2% significantly enhanced growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot).
CONCLUSIONS
The endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A produce glycolipid biosurfactant with high and long tem thermostability, what makes it useful for many purposes including food processing. The use of brewer's spent grain as the sole carbon source makes the production of biosurfactants profitable, and from an environmental point of view, it is an environmentally friendly way to remove food processing by products. Glycolipid produced by endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A significantly improve growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot). Obtained results provide new insight to the possible use of glycolipids as plant growth promoting agents.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Beta vulgaris; Endophytes; Phaseolus; Raphanus; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 33557838
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01533-2 -
Microorganisms May 2021The study aimed to evaluate the metabolism and resistance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions of UAMX (BP-UAMX) isolated from overweight individuals using genomic...
The study aimed to evaluate the metabolism and resistance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions of UAMX (BP-UAMX) isolated from overweight individuals using genomic tools. Specifically, we assessed its ability to metabolize various carbon sources, its resistance to low pH exposure, and its growth in the presence of bile salts. The genomic and bioinformatic analyses included the prediction of gene and protein metabolic functions, a pan-genome and phylogenomic analysis. BP-UAMX survived at pH 3, while bile salts (0.2-0.3% ) increased its growth rate. Moreover, it showed the ability to metabolize simple and complex carbon sources (glucose, starch, carboxymethyl-cellulose, inulin, and tributyrin), showing a differentiated electrophoretic profile. Genome was assembled into a single contig, with a high percentage of genes and proteins associated with the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected, but only one beta-Lactam resistance protein related to the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis was identified. The pan-genome of BP-UAMX is still open with phylogenetic similarities with other of human origin. Therefore, BP-UAMX seems to be adapted to the intestinal environment, with physiological and genomic analyses demonstrating the ability to metabolize complex carbon sources, the strain has an open pan-genome with continuous evolution and adaptation.
PubMed: 34067853
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051076