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Annals of Biomedical Engineering Jan 2023Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal... (Review)
Review
Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine-tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)-to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.
Topics: Animals; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Cardiovascular System; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Computer Simulation
PubMed: 35974236
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03037-5 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2016The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able... (Review)
Review
The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able to measure the distribution, quantity, and the mechanical and chemical properties of mineralization within a wide variety of substrates from injured muscle to electrospun polymer scaffolds and everything in between. The techniques available to measure these properties are highly diverse in terms of their complexity and utility. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that those who intend to use them have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and its appropriateness to their specific application. This review provides all of this information for each technique and uses heterotopic ossification and engineered bone substitutes as examples to illustrate how these techniques have been applied. In addition, we provide novel data using advanced techniques to analyze human samples of combat related heterotopic ossification.
Topics: Bioengineering; Calcification, Physiologic; Chemical Phenomena; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 26789418
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500617 -
Cell Stem Cell May 2022Embryoids and organoids hold great promise for human biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss conceptual and technological frameworks useful for developing high-fidelity... (Review)
Review
Embryoids and organoids hold great promise for human biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss conceptual and technological frameworks useful for developing high-fidelity embryoids and organoids that display tissue- and organ-level phenotypes and functions, which are critically needed for decoding developmental programs and improving translational applications. Through dissecting the layers of inputs controlling mammalian embryogenesis, we review recent progress in reconstructing multiscale structural orders in embryoids and organoids. Bioengineering tools useful for multiscale, multimodal structural engineering of tissue- and organ-level cellular organization and microenvironment are also discussed to present integrative, bioengineering-directed approaches to achieve next-generation, high-fidelity embryoids and organoids.
Topics: Animals; Bioengineering; Embryo, Mammalian; Mammals; Organoids; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35523138
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Clinical use of bioengineered skin in reconstructive surgery has been established for more than 30 years. The limitations and ethical considerations regarding the use of... (Review)
Review
Clinical use of bioengineered skin in reconstructive surgery has been established for more than 30 years. The limitations and ethical considerations regarding the use of animal models have expanded the application of bioengineered skin in the areas of disease modeling and drug screening. These skin models should represent the anatomical and physiological traits of native skin for the efficient replication of normal and pathological skin conditions. In addition, reliability of such models is essential for the conduction of faithful, rapid, and large-scale studies. Therefore, research efforts are focused on automated fabrication methods to replace the traditional manual approaches. This report presents an overview of the skin models applicable to skin disease modeling along with their fabrication methods, and discusses the potential of the currently available options to conform and satisfy the demands for disease modeling and drug screening.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Engineering; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30897791
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061407 -
Bioengineered Nov 2016Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are important players in the control of gene regulation and represent novel... (Review)
Review
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are important players in the control of gene regulation and represent novel promising therapeutic targets or agents for the treatment of various diseases. While synthetic ncRNAs are predominately utilized, the effects of excessive artificial modifications on higher-order structures, activities and toxicities of ncRNAs remain uncertain. Inspired by recombinant protein technology allowing large-scale bioengineering of proteins for research and therapy, efforts have been made to develop practical and effective means to bioengineer ncRNA agents. The fermentation-based approaches shall offer biological ncRNA agents with natural modifications and proper folding critical for ncRNA structure, function and safety. In this article, we will summarize current recombinant RNA platforms to the production of ncRNA agents including siRNAs and miRNAs. The applications of bioengineered ncRNA agents for basic research and potential therapeutics are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bioengineering; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; MicroRNAs; Protein Engineering; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA, Untranslated; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 27415469
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1207011 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Robotics; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 29065573
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1610372 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Sep 2020DNA nanotechnology holds substantial promise for future biomedical engineering and the development of novel therapies and diagnostic assays. The subnanometer-level... (Review)
Review
DNA nanotechnology holds substantial promise for future biomedical engineering and the development of novel therapies and diagnostic assays. The subnanometer-level addressability of DNA nanostructures allows for their precise and tailored modification with numerous chemical and biological entities, which makes them fit to serve as accurate diagnostic tools and multifunctional carriers for targeted drug delivery. The absolute control over shape, size, and function enables the fabrication of tailored and dynamic devices, such as DNA nanorobots that can execute programmed tasks and react to various external stimuli. Even though several studies have demonstrated the successful operation of various biomedical DNA nanostructures both in vitro and in vivo, major obstacles remain on the path to real-world applications of DNA-based nanomedicine. Here, we summarize the current status of the field and the main implementations of biomedical DNA nanostructures. In particular, we focus on open challenges and untackled issues and discuss possible solutions.
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; DNA; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanomedicine; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Nucleic Acid Conformation
PubMed: 32112664
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916390 -
Cell Stem Cell Jun 2021Tissue engineering has markedly matured since its early beginnings in the 1980s. In addition to the original goal to regenerate damaged organs, the field has started to... (Review)
Review
Tissue engineering has markedly matured since its early beginnings in the 1980s. In addition to the original goal to regenerate damaged organs, the field has started to explore modeling of human physiology "in a dish." Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies now enable studies of organ regeneration and disease modeling in a patient-specific context. We discuss the potential of "organ-on-a-chip" systems to study regenerative therapies with focus on three distinct organ systems: cardiac, respiratory, and hematopoietic. We propose that the combinatorial studies of human tissues at these two scales would help realize the translational potential of tissue engineering.
Topics: Heart; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34087161
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.008 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... May 2020Organ-level vascularization has been a long-standing challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Recent advances, particularly in the use of projection...
Organ-level vascularization has been a long-standing challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Recent advances, particularly in the use of projection stereolithography and food colors as photoabsorbers are highlighted, as are several recent studies on the clinical translation of engineered vasculature.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Tissue Engineering; Transplants
PubMed: 31668537
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.08.128 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 2019
Topics: Bioengineering; Ectogenesis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Uterus
PubMed: 31371052
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.023