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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Sep 2022Obesity as depicted by changes in the body composition is considered a global epidemic of the 21st century, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases. This analytical...
Obesity as depicted by changes in the body composition is considered a global epidemic of the 21st century, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated body composition parameters in both genders and conducted an obesity analysis of healthy adult Pakistani population. Using non-probability purposive sampling technique, data was collected from 205 healthy adults (aged 18-45 years), who had not been participating in any structured exercise or dietary regime over the last six months. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analyser. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-sample T-test were applied. The mean body mass index was 24.3±4.93 kg/m2. Body composition components which were significantly higher in males included soft lean mass, fat-free mass index, skeletal muscle mass index and bone mineral content, whereas females had significantly higher percentage of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area and fat mass index (p<0.05). For obesity analysis, the mean PBF (34.61±9.68%) of our sample was higher than White, Hispanics and European adults. Majority of healthy adults had greater body fat mass and lower skeletal muscle mass. The primary obesity index was significantly higher in Pakistani population compared to other ethnicities, with females exhibiting a higher trend towards obesity.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Obesity; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36280990
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.4673 -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Mar 2022Testicular cancer is associated with excellent prognosis and cure is achieved in most patients with advanced cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However,...
BACKGROUND
Testicular cancer is associated with excellent prognosis and cure is achieved in most patients with advanced cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, testicular cancer survivors are at increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis, which significantly contributes to their late morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is associated with a higher proportion of fat mass and especially with increased amount of visceral fat. We explored the effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy on body composition during and after the treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We studied 30 testicular cancer patients before chemotherapy, after the second cycle of chemotherapy and three months after the end of chemotherapy. Body composition parameters were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
RESULTS
Three months after the end of chemotherapy the fat mass had increased from 22.04±7.15% to 23.92±7.33% (P=0.026) and visceral fat volume had increased by 17% from 2.36±1.75l to 2.77±1.94l (P=0.013). In the whole sample there was a decrease in muscle mass after the second cycle of chemotherapy (-1.33 ± 2 kg on average; P=0.005). The changes in body composition varied according to distinct baseline fat mass.
CONCLUSION
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was associated with increase of fat mass, visceral fat, and body mass index. We also observed decrease in muscle mass and total body water. Our results suggest that BIA could help to target preventative measures to avert the acceleration of atherosclerosis in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Topics: Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cisplatin; Electric Impedance; Humans; Male; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 33325458
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.058 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Apr 2019Limited research has been conducted that elucidates the growth and body composition of preterm infants. It is known that these infants do not necessarily achieve... (Review)
Review
Limited research has been conducted that elucidates the growth and body composition of preterm infants. It is known that these infants do not necessarily achieve extra-utero growth rates and body composition similar to those of their term counterparts. Preterm infants, who have difficulty in achieving these growth rates, could suffer from growth failure. These infants display an increased intra-abdominal adiposity and abnormal body composition when they achieve catch-up growth. These factors affect the quality of weight gain, as these infants are not only shorter and lighter than term infants, they also have more fat mass (FM) and less fat-free mass (FFM), resulting in a higher total fat percentage. This could cause metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular problems to develop later in a preterm infant's life. The methods used to determine body composition in preterm infants should be simple, quick, non-invasive and inexpensive. Available literature was reviewed and the Dauncey anthropometric model, which includes skinfold thickness at two primary sites and nine body dimensions, is considered in this review the best method to accurately determine body composition in preterm infants, especially in resource-poor countries. It is imperative to accurately assess the quality of growth and body composition of this fragile population in order to determine whether currently prescribed nutritional interventions are beneficial to the overall nutritional status and quality of life-in the short- and long-term-of the preterm infant, and to enable timely implementation of appropriate interventions, if required.
Topics: Body Composition; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Milk, Human; Nutritional Status; Skinfold Thickness; Weight Gain
PubMed: 29239827
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.10.007 -
International Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2021The body composition phenotype of an athlete displays the complex interaction among genotype, physiological and metabolic demands of a sport, diet, and physical...
The body composition phenotype of an athlete displays the complex interaction among genotype, physiological and metabolic demands of a sport, diet, and physical training. Observational studies dominate the literature and describe the sport-specific physique characteristics (size, shape, and composition) of adult athletes by gender and levels of competition. Limited data reveal how body composition measurements can benefit an athlete. Thus, the objective is to identify purposeful measurements of body composition, notably fat and lean muscle masses, and determine their impact on the health and performance of athletes. Areas of interest include relationships among total and regional body composition measurements, muscle function, sport-specific performance, risk of injury, return to sport after injury, and identification of activity-induced fluid shifts. Discussion includes the application of specific uses of dual X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance including an emphasis on the need to minimize measurement errors and standardize protocols, and highlights opportunities for future research. This focus on functional body composition can benefit the health and optimize the performance of an athlete.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Athletic Performance; Body Composition; Electric Impedance; Humans; Sports
PubMed: 33621995
DOI: 10.1055/a-1373-5881 -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation Mar 2024In this study, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the independent causal associations of six body composition traits with gestational...
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the independent causal associations of six body composition traits with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS
Genome-wide significant levels (P < 10 × 5 ) of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body water mass, total protein, whole body fat-free mass, weight, whole body fat mass, and body fat percentage were used as instrumental variables. Data on GDM were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium, and both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization were performed. We utilized five different analytical methods including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode to assess the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
With univariable Mendelian randomization, the risk of GDM increased per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in weight (OR = 1.297, P = 3.06 × 10 ), whole body fat mass (OR = 1.408, P = 1.32 × 10 ), and the risk of GDM increased per percent increase in body fat percentage (OR = 1.661, P = 1.01 × 10 ). Total protein had a protective effect on the risk of GDM (OR = 0.880, P = 0.048). However, there was no significant causal association between increases in body water mass and whole body fat-free mass per SD and the risk of GDM. Causal associations between weight, whole body fat mass, body fat percentage, and total protein with GDM were reduced to null in multivariable Mendelian randomization.
CONCLUSION
The present study furnishes genetic evidence to elucidate the causal relationship between body composition traits and GDM. Additionally, further studies are imperative to establish a causal connection between body composition traits and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Body Composition; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 38013660
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14115 -
Expert Review of Medical Devices Aug 2020Heart failure is associated with increased neurohormonal activation that results in changes in body composition including volume overload and the loss of skeletal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Heart failure is associated with increased neurohormonal activation that results in changes in body composition including volume overload and the loss of skeletal muscle, body fat, and bone density. Bioelectrical impedance measures body composition based on the conduction of electrical current through body fluids.
AREAS COVERED
The PubMed and Scopus databases were reviewed up to the third week of June 2020. Cross-sectional studies, retrospective observational studies, prospective observational studies, and randomized controlled trials have examined numerous bioelectrical impedance monitoring strategies to guide the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of heart failure. These monitoring strategies include intrathoracic impedance, lung impedance, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, leg bioelectrical impedance, and thoracic bioreactance.
EXPERT COMMENTARY
Based on the current evidence, more studies are needed to validate bioelectrical impedance in heart failure. Lung impedance appears to be useful for guiding heart failure treatment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and improving outcomes in outpatients with heart failure. Furthermore, bioelectrical impedance has potential as a noninvasive, quantitative heart failure variable for population-based research.
Topics: Body Composition; Electric Impedance; Heart Failure; Humans; Leg; Monitoring, Physiologic; Prognosis
PubMed: 32658589
DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1791701 -
PloS One 2022Rink hockey is a highly specialized and physiological demanding sport with sparse research regarding the game and athletes' characteristics. A cross-sectional study was...
Rink hockey is a highly specialized and physiological demanding sport with sparse research regarding the game and athletes' characteristics. A cross-sectional study was developed to characterize the body composition and grip strength of elite male rink hockey players and to establish the relationship between ethnicity on body composition and grip strength. A sample of 100 elite rink-hockey athletes aged 26.59 ± 6.02 participated in the study, comprised of 69 Caucasian male adults aged 27.58 ± 6.44 years and 31 Black African male adults aged 24.39 ± 4.27. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Static grip strength was assessed with an adjustable dynamometer. Multiple regression analysis was applied to understand which variables constraints body fat percentage (BF) and grip strength. Body mass showed an average of 76.36 ± 9.18 kg for 175.80 ± 5.87 cm of height and BF% of 10.82 ± 5.07%. Maximal right grip strength was 50.91 ± 6.26 kg and 50.27 ± 6.23 kg for left grip strength. Four predictors accounted for 70.01% of the variance of BF%: abdominal circumference (p < 0.001), right thigh circumference (p < 0.001), right calf circumference (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p = 0.016). Three predictors accounted for 13.1% of the variance of right grip strength: ethnicity (p = 0.013), chronological age (p = 0.024) and right distal thigh circumference (p = 0.014). Results suggest that elite rink hockey athletes have a specific anthropometric identity, which at the elite level may lead to reduced body fat and greater handgrip strength. Ethnicity seems to predict body fat and grip strength in elite rink hockey athletes.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Hand Strength; Hockey; Humans; Male
PubMed: 36137120
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274894 -
PloS One 2020Obesity is a leading comorbidity in psoriatic disease, including both psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and is associated with adverse metabolic and...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a leading comorbidity in psoriatic disease, including both psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and is associated with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Anthropometric parameters, such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, have been extensively reported in psoriatic disease. However, the associations of body composition and fat distribution with psoriasis have not yet been fully defined.
OBJECTIVES
To identify whether patients with psoriatic disease, including psoriatic arthritis, have altered body composition compared with the general population, and to review existing modalities for the assessment of body composition.
METHODS
Electronic searches of the literature were conducted in PubMed, Medline (Ovid®), Embase (Ovid®), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Google Scholar. Titles and abstracts were reviewed by two authors independently against a set of prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria. The research question was answered with a systematic literature review and results were summarized narratively.
RESULTS
Twenty-five full text articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final narrative analysis. The studies were of heterogeneous design and used a range of objective measures to assess body composition, including simple anthropometric measures, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT). Few studies met all the quality assessment criteria. Clinical heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with psoriatic disease reveal defined body composition changes that are independent of obesity and the customary metabolic syndrome, including higher overall body fat, visceral fat and sarcopenia. These findings emphasize that patients with psoriatic disease should be screened for abnormal adipose effects beyond their weight and body mass index (BMI). Our findings show that the last decade has seen an exciting expansion of research interest in the development and validation of new modalities for the assessment of body composition. There is no consensus on the optimal assessment method of body composition for this diverse group; hence there is a need for validation of existing modalities and standardization of assessment tools.
Topics: Adiposity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Humans; Obesity; Psoriasis
PubMed: 32790787
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237598 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Apr 2022This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults.
METHODS
A total of 306 non-manual subjects, 161 males and 145 females, were selected from the physical examination center of our hospital from June to September 2019. They were divided into control group, overweight group, and obese group according to body mass index. The muscle mass and fat mass, body fat content, trunk fat mass, upper limb and thigh fat mass, bone density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebra, and bone mineral salt content of the whole body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS
Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, femoral neck bone mineral density, bone mineral salt content, fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, thigh fat mass, and trunk fat mass in the overweight group and obese group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, and trunk fat mass were positively correlated with the femoral neck bone mineral density, total lumbar vertebra bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content (P<0.05). In addition, thigh fat mass was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and total lumbar spine bone mineral density, whereas body fat content was negatively correlated with bone mineral salt content.
CONCLUSION
Body composition was related to bone mineral density and bone mineral salt content, and the correlation between different body composition indexes, and bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content was different.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Male; Minerals; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 35649065
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210669 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022The purpose of the study was to evaluate the components of overweight, obesity, and body mass components among children aged 7 to 13 years against important...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the components of overweight, obesity, and body mass components among children aged 7 to 13 years against important sociodemographic factors. The analyses considered 315 school-age children from 7 to 13 years of age (164 boys and 151 girls). Each subject was assessed for body weight and height, body weight category, and main sociodemographic factors. Body mass components of body mass (body-fat percentage (BFP), muscle tissue, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body water (TBW) levels) were evaluated using the electrical bioimpedance method (BIA) and the TANITA 780 MC analyzer. A statistical analysis showed significant differences between the body composition of children living in cities in relation to children living in small towns and villages, and no significant differences were found between the results of children living in small towns and children living in villages. The presence of statistically significant differences between the values of the parameters of body composition of the studied children was demonstrated depending on the level of education of their fathers. The presence of statistically significant relationships between BMI of mothers and BFP of their children ( = 0.003), FFM ( = 0.003), muscle tissue ( = 0.001), and TBW ( = 0.001) has been demonstrated. The higher content of adipose tissue in children is strongly dependent on the higher BMI and body mass category of the mother, as well as the lower level of education of the father. The place of residence also significantly affects both the body fat content and the total body water content of body hydration. Living in the city is associated with better body composition.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Electric Impedance; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 36141532
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811261